ticlopidine and Cerebral Ischemia studies

Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.
ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The trial was halted after 84% of the anticipated number of patients had been enrolled because the data and safety monitoring board had determined that the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin was associated with both a lower risk of major ischemic events and a higher risk of major hemorrhage than aspirin alone at 90 days."	9.27	Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA. ( Barsan, W; Conwit, RA; Easton, JD; Elm, JJ; Farrant, M; Johnston, SC; Kim, AS; Lindblad, AS; Palesch, YY, 2018)
"We consecutively enrolled 523 patients with ischemic stroke receiving clopidogrel."	9.27	Concomitant Use of Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Clopidogrel Increases the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Carrying Reduced-Function CYP2C19*2. ( Cheng, W; Han, Z; Lin, J; Wang, C; Yi, X; Zhou, Q, 2018)
"To investigate the short-term time course risks and benefits of clopidogrel with aspirin in minor ischemic stroke or TIA."	9.24	Risks and benefits of clopidogrel-aspirin in minor stroke or TIA: Time course analysis of CHANCE. ( Chen, W; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2017)
"In patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis, clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone might be more effective to prevent recurrent cerebral ischemia."	9.22	Recurrent Ischemic Lesions After Acute Atherothrombotic Stroke: Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone. ( Bae, HJ; Cha, JK; Chang, DI; Cho, KH; Cho, YJ; Choi, JC; Hong, KS; Kang, DW; Kim, DE; Kim, EG; Kim, GM; Kim, HY; Kwon, SU; Lee, J; Lee, KB; Lee, SH; Lee, SJ; Lee, YS; Park, JM; Park, KY; Rha, JH; Sohn, CH; Sohn, SI; Yoon, BW; Yu, KH, 2016)
"This prospective randomized controlled, open-labeled trial, with blinded end point evaluation (PROBE design) tested superiority of aspirin 75 to 150 mg/d plus clopidogrel 75 mg/d (A+C) over warfarin therapy (international normalized ratio 2-3) in patients with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral embolism with plaque in the thoracic aorta>4 mm and no other identified embolic source."	9.19	Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus warfarin in patients with stroke and aortic arch plaques. ( Amarenco, P; Cohen, AA; Davis, S; Donnan, GA; Heiss, WD; Jones, EF; Kaste, M; Laouénan, C; Macleod, M; Young, D, 2014)
"We evaluated treatment effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without a history of prior stroke or TIA in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial."	9.16	Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Becker, RC; Husted, S; James, SK; Keltai, M; Khurmi, NS; Lopes, RD; Lopez-Sendon, JL; Mahaffey, KW; Maya, J; Morais, J; Nicolau, JC; Pais, P; Raev, D; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF, 2012)
"The antithrombotic, antiplatelet and endothelial activity of terutroban, a specific thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist, was assessed in patients previously treated with aspirin for the prevention of ischemic stroke."	9.14	Effect of the thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist terutroban on arterial thrombogenesis after repeated administration in patients treated for the prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Bal Dit Sollier, C; Bergmann, JF; Bousser, MG; Crassard, I; Drouet, L; Simoneau, G, 2009)
"The factorial PRoFESS secondary prevention trial assessed antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering strategies in 20,332 patients, 1360 of whom were randomized within 72 hours of ischemic stroke to combined aspirin (Asp; 25 mg BID) and extended-release dipyridamole (ER-DP; 200 mg BID, n=672) or clopidogrel (75 mg/d, n=688)."	9.14	Effect of combined aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel on functional outcome and recurrence in acute, mild ischemic stroke: PRoFESS subgroup analysis. ( Bath, PM; Cotton, D; Diener, HC; Estol, C; Martin, RH; Palesch, Y; Roberts, R; Sacco, R; Yusuf, S, 2010)
"The trial did not meet the predefined criteria for noninferiority but showed similar rates of recurrent stroke with ASA-ERDP and with clopidogrel."	9.13	Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. ( Albers, GW; Bath, P; Bornstein, N; Chan, BP; Chen, ST; Cotton, D; Cunha, L; Dahlöf, B; De Keyser, J; Diener, HC; Donnan, GA; Estol, C; Gorelick, P; Gu, V; Hermansson, K; Hilbrich, L; Kaste, M; Lawton, WA; Lu, C; Machnig, T; Martin, RH; Ounpuu, S; Pais, P; Palesch, Y; Roberts, R; Sacco, RL; Skvortsova, V; Teal, P; Toni, D; Vandermaelen, C; Voigt, T; Weber, M; Yoon, BW; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"All patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within a 10 month period were administered 600 mg clopidogrel bolus if they were already taking aspirin regularly, or had aspirin allergy or intolerance."	9.13	Safety and tolerability of 600 mg clopidogrel bolus in patients with acute ischemic stroke: preliminary experience. ( Abdelmoula, MM; Divani, AA; Hussein, HM; Qureshi, AI; Suri, MF, 2008)
" Aspirin (A), clopidogrel (C), and dipyridamole (D) were administered singly and in various combinations (A, C, D, AC, AD, CD, ACD), each for two weeks (without washout) to 11 healthy subjects and to 11 patients with previous ischaemic stroke in two randomised multiway crossover trials."	9.11	Effects of aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole administered singly and in combination on platelet and leucocyte function in normal volunteers and patients with prior ischaemic stroke. ( Bath, P; Fletcher, S; Fox, S; Heptinstal, S; Leonardi-Bee, J; May, J; Weaver, C; Willmot, M; Zhao, L, 2005)
"Clopidogrel is widely used in patients after recent ischemic stroke; however, its ability to yield additional antiplatelet protection on top of aspirin has never been explored in a controlled study."	9.11	Effects of clopidogrel and aspirin in combination versus aspirin alone on platelet activation and major receptor expression in patients after recent ischemic stroke: for the Plavix Use for Treatment of Stroke (PLUTO-Stroke) trial. ( Alberts, MJ; Bhatt, DL; Hanley, DF; Malinin, AI; Pokov, AN; Serebruany, VL; Ziai, W, 2005)
"In a case-crossover study, 31 patients with previous atherothrombotic or lacunar stroke who were treated with aspirin (100 to 300 mg/d) received clopidogrel (75 mg/d) and both aspirin and clopidogrel for 4 weeks."	9.10	Platelet function under aspirin, clopidogrel, and both after ischemic stroke: a case-crossover study. ( Buggle, F; Grau, AJ; Lichy, C; Reiners, S; Ruf, A, 2003)
" In this study, we showed that the combination regimen of clopidogrel with aspirin could downregulate the P-selectin expression on platelets and the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke."	9.10	Changes in platelet P-selectin and in plasma C-reactive protein in acute atherosclerotic ischemic stroke treated with a loading dose of clopidogrel. ( Bae, HR; Cha, JK; Cheon, SM; Jeong, MH; Lee, KM; Lim, YJ; Park, KW, 2002)
" We sought to determine whether clopidogrel compared with aspirin decreases the need for rehospitalization for ischemia and bleeding."	9.09	Reduction in the need for hospitalization for recurrent ischemic events and bleeding with clopidogrel instead of aspirin. CAPRIE investigators. ( Bhatt, DL; Hacke, W; Hirsch, AT; Ringleb, PA; Topol, EJ, 2000)
"This review examines the role of platelets in ischemic stroke, platelet activation mechanisms, aspirin's rise as an antithrombotic agent, clopidogrel's appearance on the stage, a possible role for combination therapy, antiplatelet resistance, practical considerations, and future directions."	8.89	Aspirin and clopidogrel for prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Anderson, DC; Thomson, RM, 2013)
"Although several new antithrombotic agents have been developed for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), many patients will continue to be treated with warfarin worldwide."	8.88	Current trial-associated outcomes with warfarin in prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. ( Agarwal, S; Hachamovitch, R; Menon, V, 2012)
"The results obtained in the CAPRIE study in 1996 led to the introduction of the clopidogrel as a new antiplatelet drug in the secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarct (AMI), ischemic stroke (IS) and symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD)."	8.84	Clopidogrel in secondary ischemic stroke prevention. ( Belvís, R; Kulisevsky, J; Pagonabarraga, J; Santamaría, A, 2008)
"It is unclear whether cilostazol instead of aspirin in combination with clopidogrel could prevent in-stent thrombosis in patients with a history of gout undergoing vertebral artery origin stenting."	7.96	Cilostazol plus clopidogrel in the prevention of in-stent stenosis after vertebral artery origin stenting in gout patients: three case reports. ( Ji, RJ; Lin, YJ; Yuan, HW, 2020)
"In real-world practice settings, there is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs, including clopidogrel, aspirin, and ticlopidine, in stroke prevention."	7.96	Efficacy of aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine in stroke prevention: A population-based case-cohort study in Taiwan. ( Hsu, YH; Ong, CT; Tsai, CF; Wong, YS, 2020)
"To investigate the associations between CYP2C19 genotypes and early neurological deterioration (END), and to carry out a stratified analysis of the effectiveness of clopidogrel alone and dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin for prevention of END according to CYP2C19 genotypes in ischemic stroke (IS) patients."	7.88	Dual therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin prevents early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke patients carrying CYP2C19*2 reduced-function alleles. ( Chai, Z; Han, Z; Huang, R; Lin, J; Wang, C; Yi, X; Zhou, Q, 2018)
"Our findings indicate a favorable effect of clopidogrel at discharge compared with aspirin in preventing death, recurrent stroke, and CVD events in diabetic patients with a first-ever noncardioembolic AIS."	7.85	Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with First-Ever Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: Ten-Year Survival Data from the Athens Stroke Outcome Project. ( Elisaf, M; Manios, E; Milionis, H; Ntaios, G; Papavasileiou, V; Spengos, K; Vemmos, K, 2017)
"To assess the association of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms with the incidence of ischemic stroke among patients receiving clopidogrel therapy following coronary stenting for coronary artery disease."	7.85	[Influence of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of clopidogrel treatment for the prevention of ischemic stroke following coronary stent implantation]. ( Chen, J; Ding, N; Li, G; Peng, L; Shao, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, C, 2017)
"Among patients in the CHAMPION trials with a prior cerebrovascular event at least 1 year before the percutaneous coronary intervention, the efficacy and bleeding profile of cangrelor compared with clopidogrel was similar to that in the overall trial."	7.85	Impact of Cerebrovascular Events Older Than One Year on Ischemic and Bleeding Outcomes With Cangrelor in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. ( Bhatt, DL; Deliargyris, EN; Gibson, CM; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Mahaffey, KW; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Sawlani, NN; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; White, HD, 2017)
"Active smokers with myocardial infarction were shown to have enhanced benefit with clopidogrel compared with aspirin."	7.85	Clopidogrel and ischemic stroke outcomes by smoking status: Smoker's paradox? ( Cao, Q; Dong, K; Feng, W; Hou, C; Huang, X; Ji, X; Ovbiagele, B; Song, H; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q, 2017)
" We examined the influence of low response to clopidogrel on symptomatic ischemic events and new ischemic MRI lesions with endovascular intracranial aneurysmal coil embolization."	7.83	Relationship between low response to clopidogrel and periprocedural ischemic events with coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms. ( Asai, T; Haraguchi, K; Izumi, T; Matsubara, N; Miyachi, S; Ota, K; Shintai, K; Tajima, H; Wakabayashi, T; Yamanouchi, T, 2016)
"We measured serum levels of proinflammatory/prothrombotic markers P-selectin, CD40L, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and interleukin (IL)-6 in ischemic stroke patients, correlating their levels with the results of aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel antiplatelet responses, using 3 "point of care" platelet function instruments, thromboelastograph (TEG), Accumetrics (ACU), and impedance aggregometer (IMP)."	7.83	Relationship between Inflammation and Aspirin and Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Responses in Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Ambrus, JL; Chichelli, T; Ching, M; Janicke, D; Munschauer, F; Sawyer, R; Sternberg, D; Sternberg, Z; Yu, J, 2016)
" Among these 397 patients, 69 were receiving monotherapy with clopidogrel prior to stroke, 69 were receiving monotherapy with aspirin and 236 patients were not on any antiplatelet treatment."	7.83	Treatment with Clopidogrel Prior to Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Attenuates Stroke Severity. ( Angelopoulou, SM; Bouziana, SD; Giampatzis, V; Hatzitolios, AI; Kostaki, S; Papadopoulou, M; Savopoulos, C; Spanou, M; Tsopozidi, M; Tziomalos, K, 2016)
"We observed a potential late treatment effect for prasugrel versus clopidogrel for a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in medically managed patients with ACS aged <75 years."	7.83	Time-Varying Effects of Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel on the Long-Term Risks of Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the TRILOGY ACS Trial. ( Armstrong, PW; Chin, CT; Corbalán, R; Fox, KA; Magnus Ohman, E; Neely, B; Prabhakaran, D; Roe, MT; White, HD; Winters, KJ, 2016)
"Despite clopidogrel has been widely applied to patients with ischemic stroke combined with aspirin, decreased metabolic activation of clopidogrel still occurs because of genetic variations in CYP2C19."	7.83	Effect of CYP2C192 and 3 on clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. ( Cai, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhou, G, 2016)
" We hypothesized that cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype influences the incidence of early recurrence on DWI in acute stroke patients treated with clopidogrel."	7.81	CYP2C19 genotype and early ischemic lesion recurrence in stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. ( Chun, S; Jeong, TD; Kang, DW; Kim, HJ; Kim, SM; Kwon, SU; Lee, W; Min, WK, 2015)
"PPIs of interest did not increase the rate of ischemic stroke among clopidogrel users when compared with pantoprazole, a PPI thought to be devoid of the potential to interact with clopidogrel."	7.81	Comparative risk of ischemic stroke among users of clopidogrel together with individual proton pump inhibitors. ( Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Flockhart, DA; Freeman, CP; Hennessy, S; Kasner, SE; Kimmel, SE; Leonard, CE, 2015)
" The aim of this study was to validate the predictive value of HRPR measured by flow cytometry for clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients during clopidogrel therapy."	7.81	Predictive value of high residual platelet reactivity by flow cytometry for outcomes of ischemic stroke patients on clopidogrel therapy. ( Han, RF; Li, X; Liu, J; Qiu, LN; Wang, L; Xia, XS, 2015)
"This study sought to evaluate the influence of the genetic polymorphisms on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients taking clopidogrel."	7.81	Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Clopidogrel Response and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke CYP2C19 Genotype on Clopidogrel Response. ( Dong, Q; Guan, YT; Han, Y; Jiang, JM; Li, SX; Liu, X; Luo, Z; Lv, HH; Wu, S; Xu, JF; Yang, XL; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Y; Zhu, DS, 2015)
"A total of 129 noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients receiving 75 mg/day of clopidogrel for ≥1 week were evaluated."	7.80	Response to clopidogrel and its association with chronic kidney disease in noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients. ( Deguchi, I; Fukuoka, T; Hayashi, T; Horiuchi, Y; Kato, Y; Maruyama, H; Nagamine, Y; Ohe, Y; Sano, H; Tanahashi, N, 2014)
"We prospectively enrolled patients older than 20 years who had a history of noncardioembolic strokes, including transient ischemic attacks, were treated with ticlopidine for at least 6 months."	7.80	Safety evaluation of substituting clopidogrel for ticlopidine in Japanese patients with ischemic stroke--Hiroshima ticlopidine, clopidogrel safe exchange trial. ( Aoki, S; Hosomi, N; Ito, H; Kataoka, S; Kohriyama, T; Matsumoto, M; Mihara, C; Mukai, T; Nezu, T; Noda, K; Nomura, E; Ohtsuki, T; Ota, T; Takamatsu, K; Takeda, I; Torii, T; Yamada, A; Yokoyama, T, 2014)
"Clopidogrel resistance(CR)is found in non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS) patients."	7.80	VASP phosphorylation and genetic polymorphism for clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. ( Huang, L; Lai, X; Li, W; Xiong, Z; Xu, A; Zhang, S, 2014)
"The Fast Assessment of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack to Prevent Early Recurrence trial raised concern that loading doses of clopidogrel may increase hemorrhagic complications."	7.79	Short-term bleeding events observed with clopidogrel loading in acute ischemic stroke patients. ( Albright, KC; Beasley, TM; Boehme, AK; Jones, EM; Leung, LY; Martin-Schild, S; Pletsch, GR; Shah, KR; Siegler, JE; Tarsia, J, 2013)
"Among patients with stroke, the phenomenon of resistance to treatment with low-dose aspirin acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is quite common."	7.79	Factors influencing multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry measurements, during aspirin treatment in acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study. ( Chełstowski, K; Clark, J; Jastrzębska, M; Nowacki, P; Siennicka, A; Wódecka, A, 2013)
"This study evaluated the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel (CPG) in patients sustaining acute ischemic stroke who were already receiving chronic outpatient aspirin therapy (81-325 mg/day)."	7.79	Clopidogrel responsiveness in stroke patients on a chronic aspirin regimen. ( Chichelli, T; Ching, M; Farooq, O; Janicke, D; Li, F; Mehta, B; Munschauer, FE; Radovic, V; Sawyer, RN; Sternberg, Z, 2013)
" In this study, the authors assess the incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) following discontinuation of a 6-week course of clopidogrel in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with stent-assisted techniques."	7.78	Incidence of cerebral ischemic events after discontinuation of clopidogrel in patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with stent-assisted techniques. ( Abel, TJ; Chalouhi, N; Hasan, DM; Jabbour, PM; Kung, DK; Rossen, JD; Thomas, J; Wassef, SN, 2012)
"A rapid and sustained reduction in the frequency of aspirin+clopidogrel use in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack was observed after publication of the MATCH trial in the absence of MATCH-specific GWTG-Stroke initiatives and preceding an American Heart Association guideline update."	7.76	Rapid change in prescribing behavior in hospitals participating in get with the guidelines-stroke after release of the management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high-risk patients (MATCH) clinical trial results. ( Ellrodt, G; Fonarow, GC; Frankel, MR; Hernandez, AF; Labresh, KA; Liang, L; Menon, BK; Schwamm, LH; Smith, EE, 2010)
"In patients with AF, all combinations of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel are associated with increased risk of nonfatal and fatal bleeding."	7.76	Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. ( Abildstrøm, SZ; Andersen, SS; Clausen, MT; Fog-Petersen, ML; Folke, F; Gadsbøll, N; Gislason, GH; Hansen, ML; Køber, L; Poulsen, HE; Raunsø, J; Schramm, TK; Sørensen, R; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2010)
" We tested the hypothesis that combined pre-treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is a risk factor for thrombolysis-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH)."	7.75	Combined anti-platelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel: risk factor for thrombolysis-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke? ( Dzialowski, I; Gahn, G; Hermann, A; Koch, R, 2009)
"Aspirin is an important therapeutic regimen to prevent the recurrent ischemic events or death after acute ischemic stroke."	7.74	ADP-induced platelet aggregation in acute ischemic stroke patients on aspirin therapy. ( Cha, JK; Jeon, HW; Kang, MJ, 2008)
"The purpose of this study was to determine safety and tolerability of clopidogrel in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS)."	7.73	The risks and safety of clopidogrel in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. ( Allen, A; deVeber, G; Hune, S; MacGregor, D; Rafay, MF; Soman, T, 2006)
"Acute cerebral ischemia was produced in rats by injection of arachidonic acid (AA) into the internal carotid artery."	7.68	Protective effects of benidipine on arachidonic acid-induced acute cerebral ischemia in rats. ( Karasawa, A; Kubo, K; Sano, J; Shirakura, S, 1992)
"Stress hyperglycemia was measured by glucose/glycated albumin (GA) ratio."	6.84	Stress Hyperglycemia and Prognosis of Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: The CHANCE Study (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events). ( Cai, X; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, T; Zhao, X, 2017)
"The primary outcome is IS recurrence."	6.80	Protocol for Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination (CSPS.com): a randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial. ( Hoshino, H; Kimura, K; Minematsu, K; Naritomi, H; Origasa, H; Toyoda, K; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, T, 2015)
" Dosage was maintained as 75mg clopidogrel daily, 250mg ticlopidine twice daily, and 250mg ticlopidine plus 80mg Gingko Biloba extract twice daily."	6.78	Ticlopidine with Ginkgo Biloba extract: a feasible combination for patients with acute cerebral ischemia. ( Hong, JM; Joo, IS; Lee, JS; Lim, YA; Shin, DH, 2013)
"HPR-aspirin was persistent 75days later in 36% patients."	5.43	High platelet reactivity on aspirin in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. ( Dillinger, JG; Drouet, L; Henry, P; Saeed, A; Sideris, G; Silberman, SM; Sollier, CB; Spagnoli, V; Voicu, S, 2016)
" The trial was halted after 84% of the anticipated number of patients had been enrolled because the data and safety monitoring board had determined that the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin was associated with both a lower risk of major ischemic events and a higher risk of major hemorrhage than aspirin alone at 90 days."	5.27	Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA. ( Barsan, W; Conwit, RA; Easton, JD; Elm, JJ; Farrant, M; Johnston, SC; Kim, AS; Lindblad, AS; Palesch, YY, 2018)
"We consecutively enrolled 523 patients with ischemic stroke receiving clopidogrel."	5.27	Concomitant Use of Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Clopidogrel Increases the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Carrying Reduced-Function CYP2C19*2. ( Cheng, W; Han, Z; Lin, J; Wang, C; Yi, X; Zhou, Q, 2018)
"To investigate the short-term time course risks and benefits of clopidogrel with aspirin in minor ischemic stroke or TIA."	5.24	Risks and benefits of clopidogrel-aspirin in minor stroke or TIA: Time course analysis of CHANCE. ( Chen, W; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2017)
"In patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large artery atherosclerosis, clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone might be more effective to prevent recurrent cerebral ischemia."	5.22	Recurrent Ischemic Lesions After Acute Atherothrombotic Stroke: Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone. ( Bae, HJ; Cha, JK; Chang, DI; Cho, KH; Cho, YJ; Choi, JC; Hong, KS; Kang, DW; Kim, DE; Kim, EG; Kim, GM; Kim, HY; Kwon, SU; Lee, J; Lee, KB; Lee, SH; Lee, SJ; Lee, YS; Park, JM; Park, KY; Rha, JH; Sohn, CH; Sohn, SI; Yoon, BW; Yu, KH, 2016)
" In a previous study, we found that the number of MESs is associated with stroke recurrence and that clopidogrel plus aspirin more effectively reduce the number of MESs than does aspirin alone."	5.22	The curative effect comparison of two kinds of therapeutic regimens on decreasing the relative intensity of microembolic signal in CLAIR trial. ( Chen, C; Deng, QQ; Fu, JH; Huang, YN; Markus, H; Ratanakorn, D; Tang, J; Wong, KS; Zhao, H, 2016)
"Antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole are effective in reducing the risk of recurrence after a stroke."	5.20	Statistical analysis plan for the 'Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischaemic Stroke' (TARDIS) trial. ( Bath, PM; Dineen, R; Pocock, S; Robson, K; Sprigg, N; Woodhouse, LJ, 2015)
"This prospective randomized controlled, open-labeled trial, with blinded end point evaluation (PROBE design) tested superiority of aspirin 75 to 150 mg/d plus clopidogrel 75 mg/d (A+C) over warfarin therapy (international normalized ratio 2-3) in patients with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral embolism with plaque in the thoracic aorta>4 mm and no other identified embolic source."	5.19	Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus warfarin in patients with stroke and aortic arch plaques. ( Amarenco, P; Cohen, AA; Davis, S; Donnan, GA; Heiss, WD; Jones, EF; Kaste, M; Laouénan, C; Macleod, M; Young, D, 2014)
"We selected all patients with a CHADS(2) score of 1 from the AVERROES and ACTIVE trials who were treated with acetylsalicylic acid with or without clopidogrel and calculated the incidences of ischaemic or unspecified stroke or systemic embolus (SSE) according to their CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score."	5.17	The CHA2DS2-VASc score identifies those patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS2 score of 1 who are unlikely to benefit from oral anticoagulant therapy. ( Connolly, SJ; Coppens, M; Dorian, P; Eikelboom, JW; Hart, RG; Lip, GY; Shestakovska, O; Yusuf, S, 2013)
"We identified 9 independent risk factors for SICH: baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, serum glucose, systolic blood pressure, age, body weight, stroke onset to treatment time, aspirin or combined aspirin and clopidogrel, and history of hypertension."	5.16	Predicting the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous alteplase: safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk score. ( Ahmed, N; Egido, JA; Ford, GA; Lees, KR; Mazya, M; Mikulik, R; Toni, D; Wahlgren, N, 2012)
"We analyzed MRI of 133 patients admitted consecutively for intra- and extracranial stenting for symptomatic large artery atherosclerosis who received aspirin and clopidogrel."	5.16	Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with cerebral microbleeds undergoing endovascular intervention. ( Abrigo, J; Ahuja, AT; Leung, TW; Ng, N; Siu, DY; Soo, YO; Wong, LK; Yu, S, 2012)
"We evaluated treatment effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without a history of prior stroke or TIA in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial."	5.16	Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Becker, RC; Husted, S; James, SK; Keltai, M; Khurmi, NS; Lopes, RD; Lopez-Sendon, JL; Mahaffey, KW; Maya, J; Morais, J; Nicolau, JC; Pais, P; Raev, D; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF, 2012)
"The antithrombotic, antiplatelet and endothelial activity of terutroban, a specific thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist, was assessed in patients previously treated with aspirin for the prevention of ischemic stroke."	5.14	Effect of the thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist terutroban on arterial thrombogenesis after repeated administration in patients treated for the prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Bal Dit Sollier, C; Bergmann, JF; Bousser, MG; Crassard, I; Drouet, L; Simoneau, G, 2009)
"The factorial PRoFESS secondary prevention trial assessed antiplatelet and blood pressure-lowering strategies in 20,332 patients, 1360 of whom were randomized within 72 hours of ischemic stroke to combined aspirin (Asp; 25 mg BID) and extended-release dipyridamole (ER-DP; 200 mg BID, n=672) or clopidogrel (75 mg/d, n=688)."	5.14	Effect of combined aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel on functional outcome and recurrence in acute, mild ischemic stroke: PRoFESS subgroup analysis. ( Bath, PM; Cotton, D; Diener, HC; Estol, C; Martin, RH; Palesch, Y; Roberts, R; Sacco, R; Yusuf, S, 2010)
"The trial did not meet the predefined criteria for noninferiority but showed similar rates of recurrent stroke with ASA-ERDP and with clopidogrel."	5.13	Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. ( Albers, GW; Bath, P; Bornstein, N; Chan, BP; Chen, ST; Cotton, D; Cunha, L; Dahlöf, B; De Keyser, J; Diener, HC; Donnan, GA; Estol, C; Gorelick, P; Gu, V; Hermansson, K; Hilbrich, L; Kaste, M; Lawton, WA; Lu, C; Machnig, T; Martin, RH; Ounpuu, S; Pais, P; Palesch, Y; Roberts, R; Sacco, RL; Skvortsova, V; Teal, P; Toni, D; Vandermaelen, C; Voigt, T; Weber, M; Yoon, BW; Yusuf, S, 2008)
"All patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within a 10 month period were administered 600 mg clopidogrel bolus if they were already taking aspirin regularly, or had aspirin allergy or intolerance."	5.13	Safety and tolerability of 600 mg clopidogrel bolus in patients with acute ischemic stroke: preliminary experience. ( Abdelmoula, MM; Divani, AA; Hussein, HM; Qureshi, AI; Suri, MF, 2008)
"Thirty chronic ischemic stroke patients taking aspirin alone followed by aspirin-clopidogrel combined therapy had platelet reactivity tests performed over 3 months: ex vivo platelet aggregation, platelet recruitment and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B(2) (11-dhTxB(2))excretion."	5.13	Platelet aggregation and recruitment with aspirin-clopidogrel therapy. ( Brace, LD; Cursio, J; Grossi, E; Helgason, CM; Pandey, D; Valika, A, 2008)
"We studied 18 558 patients with ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or peripheral arterial disease who participated in the trial of Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE), a study that compared the occurrence of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death under randomized treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel."	5.11	Leukocyte count as an independent predictor of recurrent ischemic events. ( Boddy, AW; Brandt, T; Buggle, F; Dukovic, DA; Grau, AJ; Hacke, W; Lichy, C, 2004)
" Aspirin (A), clopidogrel (C), and dipyridamole (D) were administered singly and in various combinations (A, C, D, AC, AD, CD, ACD), each for two weeks (without washout) to 11 healthy subjects and to 11 patients with previous ischaemic stroke in two randomised multiway crossover trials."	5.11	Effects of aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole administered singly and in combination on platelet and leucocyte function in normal volunteers and patients with prior ischaemic stroke. ( Bath, P; Fletcher, S; Fox, S; Heptinstal, S; Leonardi-Bee, J; May, J; Weaver, C; Willmot, M; Zhao, L, 2005)
"Clopidogrel is widely used in patients after recent ischemic stroke; however, its ability to yield additional antiplatelet protection on top of aspirin has never been explored in a controlled study."	5.11	Effects of clopidogrel and aspirin in combination versus aspirin alone on platelet activation and major receptor expression in patients after recent ischemic stroke: for the Plavix Use for Treatment of Stroke (PLUTO-Stroke) trial. ( Alberts, MJ; Bhatt, DL; Hanley, DF; Malinin, AI; Pokov, AN; Serebruany, VL; Ziai, W, 2005)
"In a case-crossover study, 31 patients with previous atherothrombotic or lacunar stroke who were treated with aspirin (100 to 300 mg/d) received clopidogrel (75 mg/d) and both aspirin and clopidogrel for 4 weeks."	5.10	Platelet function under aspirin, clopidogrel, and both after ischemic stroke: a case-crossover study. ( Buggle, F; Grau, AJ; Lichy, C; Reiners, S; Ruf, A, 2003)
" In this study, we showed that the combination regimen of clopidogrel with aspirin could downregulate the P-selectin expression on platelets and the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in acute stage of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke."	5.10	Changes in platelet P-selectin and in plasma C-reactive protein in acute atherosclerotic ischemic stroke treated with a loading dose of clopidogrel. ( Bae, HR; Cha, JK; Cheon, SM; Jeong, MH; Lee, KM; Lim, YJ; Park, KW, 2002)
" We sought to determine whether clopidogrel compared with aspirin decreases the need for rehospitalization for ischemia and bleeding."	5.09	Reduction in the need for hospitalization for recurrent ischemic events and bleeding with clopidogrel instead of aspirin. CAPRIE investigators. ( Bhatt, DL; Hacke, W; Hirsch, AT; Ringleb, PA; Topol, EJ, 2000)
"Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 160 mg to 300 mg daily, given orally (or by nasogastric tube or per rectum in people who cannot swallow) and started within 48 hours of onset of presumed ischaemic stroke, reduced the risk of early recurrent ischaemic stroke without a major risk of early haemorrhagic complications; long-term outcomes were improved."	4.90	Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. ( Cecconi, E; Counsell, C; Sandercock, PA; Tseng, MC, 2014)
"The impact of PPI use on the 1-year primary end point (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction [MI], or vascular death) in the Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial and the 28-day (all-cause death, MI, or urgent target vessel revascularization) and 1-year (all-cause death, MI, or stroke) primary end points in the Clopidogrel for Reduction of Events During Observation (CREDO) trial were examined."	4.89	Impact of proton pump inhibitor therapy on the efficacy of clopidogrel in the CAPRIE and CREDO trials. ( Bauer, D; Berger, PB; Charnigo, RJ; Dunn, SP; Steinhubl, SR; Topol, EJ, 2013)
"Recurrent stroke risk did not differ between patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy and those receiving aspirin monotherapy (relative risk [RR], 0."	4.89	Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Hong, KS; Lee, M; Ovbiagele, B; Rao, NM; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2013)
"This review examines the role of platelets in ischemic stroke, platelet activation mechanisms, aspirin's rise as an antithrombotic agent, clopidogrel's appearance on the stage, a possible role for combination therapy, antiplatelet resistance, practical considerations, and future directions."	4.89	Aspirin and clopidogrel for prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Anderson, DC; Thomson, RM, 2013)
" In comparison with mono antiplatelet therapy, dual therapy (aspirin+dipyridamole and aspirin+clopidogrel) significantly reduced stroke recurrence, dual 58 (3."	4.88	Dual or mono antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Algra, A; Bath, MW; Bath, PM; Chen, C; Dengler, R; Diener, HC; Geeganage, CM; Markus, HS; Topol, EJ, 2012)
"Although several new antithrombotic agents have been developed for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), many patients will continue to be treated with warfarin worldwide."	4.88	Current trial-associated outcomes with warfarin in prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. ( Agarwal, S; Hachamovitch, R; Menon, V, 2012)
"To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole (MRD) alone or with aspirin (ASA) compared with ASA (and each other where appropriate) in the prevention of occlusive vascular events in patients with a history of MI, ischaemic stroke/TIA or established peripheral arterial disease."	4.87	Clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole for the prevention of occlusive vascular events (review of Technology Appraisal No. 90): a systematic review and economic analysis. ( Bagust, A; Blundell, M; Boland, A; Dickson, R; Dundar, Y; Fisher, M; Greenhalgh, J; Martin Saborido, C; Oyee, J; Proudlove, C, 2011)
"In primary prevention trials conducted in low-risk subjects, aspirin is associated with a small reduction in ischemic strokes in women."	4.85	Antiplatelet drugs for ischemic stroke prevention. ( Balucani, C; Cordonnier, C; Leys, D, 2009)
" Currently, aspirin is generally prescribed for the primary prevention of stroke despite a number of trial results on effectiveness proving inconclusive."	4.85	Antithrombotic therapies in cerebrovascular disease: what should we use as secondary prevention in patients with carotid artery disease? ( Beckman, JA, 2009)
"The results obtained in the CAPRIE study in 1996 led to the introduction of the clopidogrel as a new antiplatelet drug in the secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarct (AMI), ischemic stroke (IS) and symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD)."	4.84	Clopidogrel in secondary ischemic stroke prevention. ( Belvís, R; Kulisevsky, J; Pagonabarraga, J; Santamaría, A, 2008)
"It is unclear whether cilostazol instead of aspirin in combination with clopidogrel could prevent in-stent thrombosis in patients with a history of gout undergoing vertebral artery origin stenting."	3.96	Cilostazol plus clopidogrel in the prevention of in-stent stenosis after vertebral artery origin stenting in gout patients: three case reports. ( Ji, RJ; Lin, YJ; Yuan, HW, 2020)
"In real-world practice settings, there is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs, including clopidogrel, aspirin, and ticlopidine, in stroke prevention."	3.96	Efficacy of aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine in stroke prevention: A population-based case-cohort study in Taiwan. ( Hsu, YH; Ong, CT; Tsai, CF; Wong, YS, 2020)
" After multivariate logistic regression, 10 variables remained independent predictors of sICH to compose the STARTING-SICH (systolic blood pressure, age, onset-to-treatment time for thrombolysis, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, glucose, aspirin alone, aspirin plus clopidogrel, anticoagulant with INR ≤1."	3.88	STARTING-SICH Nomogram to Predict Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke. ( Bonetti, B; Bovi, P; Cappellari, M; Forlivesi, S; Toni, D; Turcato, G; Zivelonghi, C, 2018)
"To investigate the associations between CYP2C19 genotypes and early neurological deterioration (END), and to carry out a stratified analysis of the effectiveness of clopidogrel alone and dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin for prevention of END according to CYP2C19 genotypes in ischemic stroke (IS) patients."	3.88	Dual therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin prevents early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke patients carrying CYP2C19*2 reduced-function alleles. ( Chai, Z; Han, Z; Huang, R; Lin, J; Wang, C; Yi, X; Zhou, Q, 2018)
"We studied 671 myocardial infarction (MI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in the TRANSLATE-ACS Registry who had VerifyNow platelet function testing performed while on clopidogrel treatment during their index hospitalization (April 2010-October 2012)."	3.85	Association of measured platelet reactivity with changes in P2Y ( Anstrom, KJ; Bagai, A; Cohen, DJ; Effron, MB; Henry, TD; McCoy, LA; Peterson, ED; Schulte, PJ; Stone, GW; Wang, TY; Zettler, ME, 2017)
" A substantial proportion of patients with stroke on ASA were "resistant", and the treatment with Clopidogrel was accompanied by even higher rates of unresponsiveness."	3.85	Platelet Function Testing in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Observational Study. ( Bigliardi, G; Dell'Acqua, ML; Ferraro, D; Lelli, N; Mimmi, S; Nichelli, P; Pentore, R; Picchetto, L; Rosafio, F; Trenti, T; Vandelli, L; Zini, A, 2017)
"Our findings indicate a favorable effect of clopidogrel at discharge compared with aspirin in preventing death, recurrent stroke, and CVD events in diabetic patients with a first-ever noncardioembolic AIS."	3.85	Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with First-Ever Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: Ten-Year Survival Data from the Athens Stroke Outcome Project. ( Elisaf, M; Manios, E; Milionis, H; Ntaios, G; Papavasileiou, V; Spengos, K; Vemmos, K, 2017)
"To assess the association of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms with the incidence of ischemic stroke among patients receiving clopidogrel therapy following coronary stenting for coronary artery disease."	3.85	[Influence of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of clopidogrel treatment for the prevention of ischemic stroke following coronary stent implantation]. ( Chen, J; Ding, N; Li, G; Peng, L; Shao, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, C, 2017)
"Among patients in the CHAMPION trials with a prior cerebrovascular event at least 1 year before the percutaneous coronary intervention, the efficacy and bleeding profile of cangrelor compared with clopidogrel was similar to that in the overall trial."	3.85	Impact of Cerebrovascular Events Older Than One Year on Ischemic and Bleeding Outcomes With Cangrelor in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. ( Bhatt, DL; Deliargyris, EN; Gibson, CM; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Mahaffey, KW; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Sawlani, NN; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; White, HD, 2017)
"Active smokers with myocardial infarction were shown to have enhanced benefit with clopidogrel compared with aspirin."	3.85	Clopidogrel and ischemic stroke outcomes by smoking status: Smoker's paradox? ( Cao, Q; Dong, K; Feng, W; Hou, C; Huang, X; Ji, X; Ovbiagele, B; Song, H; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q, 2017)
" We examined the influence of low response to clopidogrel on symptomatic ischemic events and new ischemic MRI lesions with endovascular intracranial aneurysmal coil embolization."	3.83	Relationship between low response to clopidogrel and periprocedural ischemic events with coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms. ( Asai, T; Haraguchi, K; Izumi, T; Matsubara, N; Miyachi, S; Ota, K; Shintai, K; Tajima, H; Wakabayashi, T; Yamanouchi, T, 2016)
"We measured serum levels of proinflammatory/prothrombotic markers P-selectin, CD40L, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and interleukin (IL)-6 in ischemic stroke patients, correlating their levels with the results of aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel antiplatelet responses, using 3 "point of care" platelet function instruments, thromboelastograph (TEG), Accumetrics (ACU), and impedance aggregometer (IMP)."	3.83	Relationship between Inflammation and Aspirin and Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Responses in Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Ambrus, JL; Chichelli, T; Ching, M; Janicke, D; Munschauer, F; Sawyer, R; Sternberg, D; Sternberg, Z; Yu, J, 2016)
" Among these 397 patients, 69 were receiving monotherapy with clopidogrel prior to stroke, 69 were receiving monotherapy with aspirin and 236 patients were not on any antiplatelet treatment."	3.83	Treatment with Clopidogrel Prior to Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Attenuates Stroke Severity. ( Angelopoulou, SM; Bouziana, SD; Giampatzis, V; Hatzitolios, AI; Kostaki, S; Papadopoulou, M; Savopoulos, C; Spanou, M; Tsopozidi, M; Tziomalos, K, 2016)
"We observed a potential late treatment effect for prasugrel versus clopidogrel for a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in medically managed patients with ACS aged <75 years."	3.83	Time-Varying Effects of Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel on the Long-Term Risks of Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results From the TRILOGY ACS Trial. ( Armstrong, PW; Chin, CT; Corbalán, R; Fox, KA; Magnus Ohman, E; Neely, B; Prabhakaran, D; Roe, MT; White, HD; Winters, KJ, 2016)
"From a cohort of 1900 patients with ischemic stroke, we selected 42 patients treated with clopidogrel, including 21 with a recurrent vascular event and 21 without vascular recurrence during the first year of follow-up."	3.83	TRAF3 Epigenetic Regulation Is Associated With Vascular Recurrence in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. ( Carrera, C; Cullell, N; Fernandez-Cadenas, I; Fontana, P; Gallego-Fabrega, C; Krupinski, J; Martí-Fàbregas, J; Montaner, J; Muiño, E; Pera, J; Pezzini, A; Reny, JL; Segura, T; Serrano-Heras, G; Slowik, A, 2016)
"Despite clopidogrel has been widely applied to patients with ischemic stroke combined with aspirin, decreased metabolic activation of clopidogrel still occurs because of genetic variations in CYP2C19."	3.83	Effect of CYP2C192 and 3 on clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. ( Cai, H; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhou, G, 2016)
" We hypothesized that cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotype influences the incidence of early recurrence on DWI in acute stroke patients treated with clopidogrel."	3.81	CYP2C19 genotype and early ischemic lesion recurrence in stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. ( Chun, S; Jeong, TD; Kang, DW; Kim, HJ; Kim, SM; Kwon, SU; Lee, W; Min, WK, 2015)
"PPIs of interest did not increase the rate of ischemic stroke among clopidogrel users when compared with pantoprazole, a PPI thought to be devoid of the potential to interact with clopidogrel."	3.81	Comparative risk of ischemic stroke among users of clopidogrel together with individual proton pump inhibitors. ( Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Flockhart, DA; Freeman, CP; Hennessy, S; Kasner, SE; Kimmel, SE; Leonard, CE, 2015)
" The aim of this study was to validate the predictive value of HRPR measured by flow cytometry for clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients during clopidogrel therapy."	3.81	Predictive value of high residual platelet reactivity by flow cytometry for outcomes of ischemic stroke patients on clopidogrel therapy. ( Han, RF; Li, X; Liu, J; Qiu, LN; Wang, L; Xia, XS, 2015)
"This study sought to evaluate the influence of the genetic polymorphisms on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients taking clopidogrel."	3.81	Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Clopidogrel Response and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke CYP2C19 Genotype on Clopidogrel Response. ( Dong, Q; Guan, YT; Han, Y; Jiang, JM; Li, SX; Liu, X; Luo, Z; Lv, HH; Wu, S; Xu, JF; Yang, XL; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Y; Zhu, DS, 2015)
"In patients with ischemic stroke of non-cardioembolic origin, acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, or a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole are recommended for the prevention of a recurrent stroke."	3.81	Comparison of antiplatelet regimens in secondary stroke prevention: a nationwide cohort study. ( Carlson, N; Christiansen, CB; Gerds, TA; Gislason, G; Jørgensen, ME; Kristensen, SL; Numé, AK; Olesen, JB; Pallisgaard, J; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2015)
"To assess the association of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C192,3,*17 with the recurrence risk of ischemic stroke during clopidogrel prevention in ethnic Han Chinese from Fujian Province."	3.81	[Association of CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms with long-term recurrent risk of ischemic stroke among ethnic Han Chinese from Fujian]. ( Fang, L; Huang, H; Lin, M; Wang, N; Yang, Z; Zhao, Y, 2015)
"A total of 129 noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients receiving 75 mg/day of clopidogrel for ≥1 week were evaluated."	3.80	Response to clopidogrel and its association with chronic kidney disease in noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients. ( Deguchi, I; Fukuoka, T; Hayashi, T; Horiuchi, Y; Kato, Y; Maruyama, H; Nagamine, Y; Ohe, Y; Sano, H; Tanahashi, N, 2014)
"We prospectively enrolled patients older than 20 years who had a history of noncardioembolic strokes, including transient ischemic attacks, were treated with ticlopidine for at least 6 months."	3.80	Safety evaluation of substituting clopidogrel for ticlopidine in Japanese patients with ischemic stroke--Hiroshima ticlopidine, clopidogrel safe exchange trial. ( Aoki, S; Hosomi, N; Ito, H; Kataoka, S; Kohriyama, T; Matsumoto, M; Mihara, C; Mukai, T; Nezu, T; Noda, K; Nomura, E; Ohtsuki, T; Ota, T; Takamatsu, K; Takeda, I; Torii, T; Yamada, A; Yokoyama, T, 2014)
"We estimated the effectiveness and safety of antiplatelet drugs (aspirin and clopidogrel) for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing dialysis during long-term follow-up after first-time ischemic stroke."	3.80	Effectiveness and safety of antiplatelet in stroke patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. ( Chen, CY; Huang, YB; Lai, WT; Lee, CT; Lee, KT, 2014)
"Clopidogrel resistance(CR)is found in non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS) patients."	3.80	VASP phosphorylation and genetic polymorphism for clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. ( Huang, L; Lai, X; Li, W; Xiong, Z; Xu, A; Zhang, S, 2014)
"The Fast Assessment of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack to Prevent Early Recurrence trial raised concern that loading doses of clopidogrel may increase hemorrhagic complications."	3.79	Short-term bleeding events observed with clopidogrel loading in acute ischemic stroke patients. ( Albright, KC; Beasley, TM; Boehme, AK; Jones, EM; Leung, LY; Martin-Schild, S; Pletsch, GR; Shah, KR; Siegler, JE; Tarsia, J, 2013)
"The current study sought to evaluate the clinical impact of newly reported genetic variations and their association with clopidogrel high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation."	3.79	The impact of gene polymorphism and high on-treatment platelet reactivity on clinical follow-up: outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome after drug-eluting stent implantation. ( Han, YL; Kang, J; Li, Y; Liang, ZY; Yan, CH; Zhang, XL, 2013)
" P2Y12 (+/-) or clopidogrel treated mice subjected to global cerebral ischemia suffered less neuronal injury (P<0."	3.79	Microglial P2Y12 deficiency/inhibition protects against brain ischemia. ( Hokari, M; Kacimi, R; Ma, H; McManus, A; Tang, XN; Webster, CM; Yenari, MA, 2013)
"Among patients with stroke, the phenomenon of resistance to treatment with low-dose aspirin acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is quite common."	3.79	Factors influencing multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry measurements, during aspirin treatment in acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study. ( Chełstowski, K; Clark, J; Jastrzębska, M; Nowacki, P; Siennicka, A; Wódecka, A, 2013)
"This study evaluated the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel (CPG) in patients sustaining acute ischemic stroke who were already receiving chronic outpatient aspirin therapy (81-325 mg/day)."	3.79	Clopidogrel responsiveness in stroke patients on a chronic aspirin regimen. ( Chichelli, T; Ching, M; Farooq, O; Janicke, D; Li, F; Mehta, B; Munschauer, FE; Radovic, V; Sawyer, RN; Sternberg, Z, 2013)
" The patient was subsequently found to have incomplete inhibition of platelet activity despite being on clopidogrel 150 mg and aspirin 81 mg daily and having a normal CYP-2C19 genotype, suggesting that suboptimal antiplatelet inhibition, secondary to morbid obesity, contributed to his in-stent thrombosis."	3.79	Obesity and intracranial in-stent thrombosis. ( Koch, S; Reyes-Iglesias, Y; Rose, DZ; Yavagal, DR, 2013)
"In patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, 43% (n=128) and 35% (n=54) were nonresponders to aspirin and clopidogrel, respectively."	3.78	Clinical outcomes using a platelet function-guided approach for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Bakdash, S; Bhatt, DL; Depta, JP; Fowler, J; Katzan, I; Kottke-Marchant, K; Novak, E, 2012)
" In this study, the authors assess the incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) following discontinuation of a 6-week course of clopidogrel in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with stent-assisted techniques."	3.78	Incidence of cerebral ischemic events after discontinuation of clopidogrel in patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with stent-assisted techniques. ( Abel, TJ; Chalouhi, N; Hasan, DM; Jabbour, PM; Kung, DK; Rossen, JD; Thomas, J; Wassef, SN, 2012)
"We compared the efficacy and safety of warfarin, dabigartan, and clopidogrel used to prevent tromboembolism in 210 elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation depending on the age."	3.78	[Safety and efficacy of various modalities of antiplatelet prophylaxis of ischemic stroke in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation]. ( Kanorsky, SG; Shevelev, VI, 2012)
"Administrative claims from a large, geographically diverse US health plan were used to evaluate acetylsalicylic acid / extended-release dipyridamole (ASA/ERDP) treated and clopidogrel treated patients from November 1, 2002 - December 31, 2005 who had an ischemic stroke requiring hospitalization."	3.76	Impact of persistence with antiplatelet therapy on recurrent ischemic stroke and predictors of nonpersistence among ischemic stroke survivors. ( Burke, JP; Henk, H; Sander, S; Shah, H; Zarotsky, V, 2010)
"A rapid and sustained reduction in the frequency of aspirin+clopidogrel use in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack was observed after publication of the MATCH trial in the absence of MATCH-specific GWTG-Stroke initiatives and preceding an American Heart Association guideline update."	3.76	Rapid change in prescribing behavior in hospitals participating in get with the guidelines-stroke after release of the management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high-risk patients (MATCH) clinical trial results. ( Ellrodt, G; Fonarow, GC; Frankel, MR; Hernandez, AF; Labresh, KA; Liang, L; Menon, BK; Schwamm, LH; Smith, EE, 2010)
"In patients with AF, all combinations of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel are associated with increased risk of nonfatal and fatal bleeding."	3.76	Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. ( Abildstrøm, SZ; Andersen, SS; Clausen, MT; Fog-Petersen, ML; Folke, F; Gadsbøll, N; Gislason, GH; Hansen, ML; Køber, L; Poulsen, HE; Raunsø, J; Schramm, TK; Sørensen, R; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2010)
" We tested the hypothesis that combined pre-treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is a risk factor for thrombolysis-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH)."	3.75	Combined anti-platelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel: risk factor for thrombolysis-related intracerebral hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke? ( Dzialowski, I; Gahn, G; Hermann, A; Koch, R, 2009)
"We sought to correlate the inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) with plasma levels of unchanged clopidogrel (UC), active thiol metabolite (ATM), and inactive carboxyl metabolite (ICM) in a large cohort of patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke treated with clopidogrel."	3.75	Association of platelet responsiveness with clopidogrel metabolism: role of compliance in the assessment of "resistance". ( Atar, D; Booze, C; Cherala, G; Kuliczkowski, W; Serebruany, V; Surigin, S; Williams, C, 2009)
"Aspirin is an important therapeutic regimen to prevent the recurrent ischemic events or death after acute ischemic stroke."	3.74	ADP-induced platelet aggregation in acute ischemic stroke patients on aspirin therapy. ( Cha, JK; Jeon, HW; Kang, MJ, 2008)
"Patients with ischemic stroke enrolled in the Management of Atherothrombosis With Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients (MATCH) study underwent long-term prospective assessment of their modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score."	3.74	Rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from disability following ischemic stroke. ( Bego, G; Carita, P; Gabriel, S; Hakimi, Z; Hankey, GJ; Spiesser, J, 2007)
"In acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), aspirin is recommended to all patients (except immediately following thrombolysis)."	3.74	[Antithrombotic therapy in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack]. ( Husted, SE; Overgaard, K; Poulsen, TS, 2007)
"We studied 137 patients undergoing antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and 336 patients with aspirin for the occurrence of neurological events (ischemic stroke and/or carotid revascularization)."	3.73	Association of a functional polymorphism in the clopidogrel target receptor gene, P2Y12, and the risk for ischemic cerebrovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. ( Amighi, J; Brunner, M; Exner, M; Felber, K; Funk, M; Mannhalter, C; Minar, E; Mlekusch, W; Müller, M; Sabeti, S; Schillinger, M; Ziegler, S, 2005)
" The antiplatelet drugs acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and a thienopyridine derivative (ticlopidine) are commonly used to treat cerebral ischemia but exert different effects on high-shear-stress-induced platelet aggregation (H-SIPA) in the plasma."	3.73	Platelets treated with ticlopidine are less reactive to unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers than are those treated with aspirin under high shear stress. ( Fujimura, Y; Iida, J; Ishizashi, H; Kawaguchi, S; Matsumoto, M; Sakaki, T; Yagi, H, 2005)
"The purpose of this study was to determine safety and tolerability of clopidogrel in children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS)."	3.73	The risks and safety of clopidogrel in pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. ( Allen, A; deVeber, G; Hune, S; MacGregor, D; Rafay, MF; Soman, T, 2006)
" Bleeding complications occurred in 2 patients receiving aspirin, 1 patient receiving warfarin, and 5 patients who did not receive anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy."	3.73	Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis. ( Galor, A; Hoffman, GS; Lee, MS; Smith, SD, 2006)
"Using the CAPRIE database, we performed multivariate analyses for patients who had symptomatic atherosclerotic disease (ischemic stroke [IS] or myocardial infarction [MI]) in their medical history before enrollment in the Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial."	3.72	Benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin is amplified in patients with a history of ischemic events. ( Bhatt, DL; Hacke, W; Hirsch, AT; Ringleb, PA; Topol, EJ, 2004)
"The results with GP in acute ischemic stroke are promising and further studies should be initiated using especially tirofiban, but with monitoring by cerebral diffusion-weighted MRI before and after treatment."	3.72	[Efficacy and safety of treatment of acute ischemic stroke with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker in routine clinical practice]. ( Haerten, K; Krabbe, C; Raiber, M, 2004)
"Ischemic event rates were estimated for 12,931 aspirin users drawn from the Saskatchewan Health population between 1990 and 1995 who had an index diagnosis of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease."	3.70	Generalizing the results of clinical trials to actual practice: the example of clopidogrel therapy for the prevention of vascular events. CAPRA (CAPRIE Actual Practice Rates Analysis) Study Group. Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischaemi ( Caro, JJ; Migliaccio-Walle, K, 1999)
"Acute cerebral ischemia was produced in rats by injection of arachidonic acid (AA) into the internal carotid artery."	3.68	Protective effects of benidipine on arachidonic acid-induced acute cerebral ischemia in rats. ( Karasawa, A; Kubo, K; Sano, J; Shirakura, S, 1992)
"Stress hyperglycemia was measured by glucose/glycated albumin (GA) ratio."	2.84	Stress Hyperglycemia and Prognosis of Minor Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: The CHANCE Study (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events). ( Cai, X; Jing, J; Johnston, SC; Li, H; Liu, L; Meng, X; Pan, Y; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, T; Zhao, X, 2017)
"The primary outcome is IS recurrence."	2.80	Protocol for Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination (CSPS.com): a randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial. ( Hoshino, H; Kimura, K; Minematsu, K; Naritomi, H; Origasa, H; Toyoda, K; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, T, 2015)
" The PRASugrel For Japanese PatIenTs with Coronary Artery Diseases Undergoing Elective PCI (PRASFIT-Elective) study investigated the efficacy and safety of different prasugrel dosing regimens in Japanese patients undergoing elective PCI."	2.79	Prasugrel, a third-generation P2Y12 receptor antagonist, in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. ( Ikeda, Y; Isshiki, T; Kimura, T; Kitagawa, K; Miyazaki, S; Nakamura, M; Nanto, S; Nishikawa, M; Ogawa, H; Saito, S; Takayama, M; Yokoi, H, 2014)
" Dosage was maintained as 75mg clopidogrel daily, 250mg ticlopidine twice daily, and 250mg ticlopidine plus 80mg Gingko Biloba extract twice daily."	2.78	Ticlopidine with Ginkgo Biloba extract: a feasible combination for patients with acute cerebral ischemia. ( Hong, JM; Joo, IS; Lee, JS; Lim, YA; Shin, DH, 2013)
"The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke at 6 months after PCI."	2.76	Inhibitory interaction between calcium channel blocker and clopidogrel. -Efficacy of cilostazol to overcome it-. ( Bae, JH; Bae, JW; Chae, IH; Cho, MC; Kim, HS; Lee, SP; Park, KW; Rha, SW; Suh, JW, 2011)
"Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events."	2.68	A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. ( , 1996)
"Only aspirin has been evaluated in the setting of primary prevention and it seems to be ineffective in preventing cerebral infarction."	2.68	[Primary and secondary prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents of arteriosclerosis by platelet inhibitors]. ( Canaple, S; Rosa, A, 1996)
"The subjects were 75 patients with cerebral ischemia and 26 control subjects."	2.67	Shear-induced platelet aggregation in cerebral ischemia. ( Fukuyama, M; Handa, M; Ikeda, Y; Itagaki, I; Maruyama, S; Uchiyama, S; Yamazaki, M, 1994)
"048), and the frequency of adverse events was not significantly different between the two treatment groups."	2.67	The efficacy and safety of ticlopidine and aspirin in non-whites: analysis of a patient subgroup from the Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study. ( Weisberg, LA, 1993)
" Cilostazol-based TAPT compared with DAPT is associated with improved angiographic outcomes and decreased risk of TLR and TVR but does not reduce major cardiovascular events and is associated with an increase in minor adverse events."	2.52	Efficacy and safety of cilostazol based triple antiplatelet treatment versus dual antiplatelet treatment in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation: an updated meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. ( Bai, J; Chen, J; Chen, P; Eikelboom, JW; Gong, X; Kong, D; Li, C; Liu, J; Meng, H; Xu, L; Yang, Z; Zou, F, 2015)
"Most strokes are caused by a sudden blockage of an artery in the brain (called an ischaemic stroke) that is usually due to a blood clot."	2.45	Antiplatelet treatment in ischemic stroke treatment. ( Arnao, V; Di Raimondo, D; Di Sciacca, R; La Placa, S; Licata, G; Miceli, S; Milio, G; Pinto, A; Tuttolomondo, A, 2009)
"Stroke is a leading cause of death and the primary cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States."	2.44	Combination antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Saseen, JJ; Vande Griend, JP, 2008)
"Heart disease and stroke are leading causes of DALYs lost and deaths worldwide [3]."	2.44	Antithrombotic treatment in the prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Emre, U; Rantanen, K; Tatlisumak, T, 2007)
"Approximately 7000 intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) annually in the US are caused by use of antithrombotic therapies."	2.43	Avoiding central nervous system bleeding during antithrombotic therapy: recent data and ideas. ( Hart, RG; Pearce, LA; Tonarelli, SB, 2005)
"About 80% of strokes have ischemic origin."	2.43	[Current concepts of the antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment in the prevention of stroke]. ( Szapáry, L, 2005)
"Ticlopidine is a reserve drug due to its unfavorable side effect profile (neutropenia, TTP)."	2.42	[The value of platelet inhibitors in the secondary prophylaxis of stroke -- a review]. ( Jüttler, E; Meyding-Lamadé, UK; Schellinger, PD; Schwark, C, 2004)
"Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine derivative which reduces the risk of reversible ischaemia and stroke in patients who have previously experienced a cerebral ischaemic episode."	2.39	Ticlopidine. A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the prevention of cerebral ischaemia and stroke. ( Goa, KL; Noble, S, 1996)
"TAT under TEG guidance appears to be a safe antiplatelet strategy in patients undergoing stenting for extracranial and/or intracranial artery stenosis."	1.51	The safety of triple antiplatelet therapy under thromboelastography guidance in patients undergoing stenting for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. ( Jiang, WJ; Li, C; Liu, AF; Qiu, H; Wang, K; Wu, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2019)
"The aspirin reaction unit was blindly measured at the following two times: after 3 hours of aspirin loading and on the fifth day of aspirin administration."	1.48	Clinical Significance of Acute and Serial Platelet Function Testing in Acute Ischemic Stroke. ( Cho, KH; Choi, KH; Kim, JT; Lee, JS; Park, MS; Saver, JL, 2018)
"HPR-aspirin was persistent 75days later in 36% patients."	1.43	High platelet reactivity on aspirin in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. ( Dillinger, JG; Drouet, L; Henry, P; Saeed, A; Sideris, G; Silberman, SM; Sollier, CB; Spagnoli, V; Voicu, S, 2016)
"The primary outcome was first recurrence of stroke of any type and the secondary outcome was a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular causes."	1.37	Level of systolic blood pressure within the normal range and risk of recurrent stroke. ( Bath, PM; Cotton, D; Diener, HC; Donnan, GA; Martin, RH; Ovbiagele, B; Vinisko, R; Yusuf, S, 2011)
"Pretreatment with cilostazol (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size."	1.36	Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, attenuates photothrombotic focal ischemic brain injury in hypertensive rats. ( Hashimoto, A; Ito, H; Matsumoto, Y; Miyakoda, G; Yao, H, 2010)
"We assessed the safety of thrombolysis under APs in 11,865 patients compliant with the European license criteria and recorded between 2002 and 2007 in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR)."	1.36	Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy at stroke onset. ( Ahmed, N; Diedler, J; Ford, GA; Lees, KR; Luijckx, GJ; Overgaard, K; Ringleb, P; Soinne, L; Sykora, M; Uyttenboogaart, M; Wahlgren, N, 2010)
" In these patients, we recommend use of the combination of aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole (25/200 mg bid) over aspirin (Grade 1A) and suggest clopidogrel over aspirin (Grade 2B), and recommend avoiding long-term use of the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel (Grade 1B)."	1.35	Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). ( Albers, GW; Amarenco, P; Easton, JD; Sacco, RL; Teal, P, 2008)
"Stroke is associated with elevation of several proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-8 that are correlated with central nervous system (CNS) injury."	1.34	TNF-alpha and IL-8 in acute stroke and the modulation of these cytokines by antiplatelet agents. ( Al-Bahrani, A; Bakhiet, M; Shaath, H; Taha, S, 2007)
"Cerebral ischemia was mechanically induced by 2-hour occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) using an intraluminal filament followed by 24-hour reperfusion."	1.33	Lack of antiapoptotic effects of antiplatelet drug, aspirin and clopidogrel, and antioxidant, MCI-186, against focal ischemic brain damage in rats. ( Hong, KW; Lee, JH; Lee, WS; Park, SY, 2005)
"Poststroke recurrence rate was low (7."	1.32	Ischaemic stroke in young people: a prospective and long-term follow-up study. ( Carerj, S; Di Perri, R; Epifanio, A; Gallitto, G; Gangemi, S; Granata, A; La Spina, P; Leggiadro, N; Manganaro, A; Musolino, R; Tripodi, F, 2003)
"Vascular dementia is a common and potentially reversible type of dementing illness."	1.27	Validation of cognitive and functional assessment instruments in vascular dementia. ( Greenough, PG; Hershey, LA; Jaffe, DF; Yang, SL, 1987)

Research

Studies (264)

Authors

Clinical Trials (35)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes, or Major Hemorrhage

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	7 (2.65)	18.7374
1990's	35 (13.26)	18.2507
2000's	75 (28.41)	29.6817
2010's	141 (53.41)	24.3611
2020's	6 (2.27)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Guo, Y	1
Zhao, J	1
Zhang, Y	3
Wu, L	1
Yu, Z	1
He, D	1
Huang, H	2
Qu, W	1
Luo, X	1
Xu, J	1
Xu, X	1
Wang, H	1
He, L	1
Liu, Q	1
Du, Y	1
Wang, J	1
Pan, YS	1
Wang, YJ	2
Kumar, A	1
Shariff, M	1
Doshi, R	1
Song, TJ	1
Kim, J	1
Han, SW	2
Kim, YD	1
Lee, JY	1
Ahn, SH	2
Lee, HS	1
Jung, YH	1
Lee, KY	2
Yuan, HW	1
Lin, YJ	1
Ji, RJ	1
Wong, YS	1
Tsai, CF	1
Hsu, YH	1
Ong, CT	1
Pan, Y	4
Jing, J	4
Chen, W	1
Meng, X	3
Li, H	4
Zhao, X	4
Liu, L	4
Wang, D	3
Johnston, SC	7
Wang, Y	12
Fiolaki, A	1
Katsanos, AH	1
Kyritsis, AP	1
Papadaki, S	1
Kosmidou, M	1
Moschonas, IC	1
Tselepis, AD	1
Giannopoulos, S	1
Bagai, A	1
Peterson, ED	1
McCoy, LA	1
Effron, MB	1
Zettler, ME	1
Stone, GW	2
Henry, TD	1
Cohen, DJ	1
Schulte, PJ	1
Anstrom, KJ	1
Wang, TY	1
Rosafio, F	1
Lelli, N	1
Mimmi, S	1
Vandelli, L	1
Bigliardi, G	1
Dell'Acqua, ML	1
Picchetto, L	1
Pentore, R	1
Ferraro, D	1
Trenti, T	1
Nichelli, P	1
Zini, A	1
Rao, Z	1
Zheng, H	1
Wang, F	1
Wang, A	1
Dong, K	2
Cao, Y	1
Milionis, H	2
Ntaios, G	1
Papavasileiou, V	1
Spengos, K	1
Manios, E	1
Elisaf, M	1
Vemmos, K	1
Ikeda-Sakai, Y	1
Sasaki, M	1
Nakase, T	1
Han, YF	1
Dai, QL	1
Chen, XL	1
Xiong, YY	1
Yin, Q	1
Xu, GL	1
Zhu, WS	2
Zhang, RL	1
Ma, MM	1
Liu, WH	1
Liu, XF	1
Cai, X	1
Wei, T	1
Li, G	1
Chen, J	2
Xu, Z	2
Ding, N	1
Peng, L	1
Zhang, C	1
Shao, Y	1
Bath, PM	7
Woodhouse, LJ	3
Appleton, JP	2
Beridze, M	2
Christensen, H	2
Dineen, RA	2
Duley, L	2
England, TJ	2
Flaherty, K	2
Havard, D	1
Heptinstall, S	3
James, M	2
Krishnan, K	2
Markus, HS	3
Montgomery, AA	1
Pocock, SJ	1
Randall, M	1
Ranta, A	2
Robinson, TG	2
Scutt, P	2
Venables, GS	2
Sprigg, N	3
Cappellari, M	1
Turcato, G	1
Forlivesi, S	1
Zivelonghi, C	1
Bovi, P	1
Bonetti, B	1
Toni, D	3
Nam, YH	1
Brensinger, CM	2
Bilker, WB	2
Leonard, CE	2
Kasner, SE	2
Grosser, T	1
Li, X	3
Hennessy, S	2
Easton, JD	5
Farrant, M	1
Barsan, W	1
Conwit, RA	1
Elm, JJ	1
Kim, AS	1
Lindblad, AS	1
Palesch, YY	1
Lin, J	5
Han, Z	2
Wang, C	5
Yi, X	5
Chai, Z	2
Zhou, Q	4
Huang, R	1
Kim, JT	1
Choi, KH	1
Park, MS	1
Lee, JS	2
Saver, JL	4
Cho, KH	2
Kleiman, NS	1
Wu, Z	1
Liu, AF	1
Zhou, J	1
Wang, K	1
Li, C	2
Qiu, H	1
Jiang, WJ	1
Chiba, T	1
Setta, K	1
Shimada, Y	1
Yoshida, J	1
Fujimoto, K	1
Tsutsui, S	1
Yoshida, K	1
Kobayashi, M	1
Kubo, Y	1
Fujiwara, S	1
Terasaki, K	1
Ogasawara, K	1
Hankey, GJ	6
Sychev, DA	1
Shprakh, VV	1
Kitaeva, EY	1
Mirzaev, KB	1
Mickhalevich, IM	1
Wiśniewski, A	1
Sikora, J	1
Filipska, K	1
Kozera, G	1
Hong, JM	1
Shin, DH	1
Lim, YA	1
Joo, IS	1
Patti, G	1
Tomai, F	1
Melfi, R	1
Ricottini, E	1
Macrì, M	1
Sedati, P	1
Giardina, A	1
Aurigemma, C	1
Leporace, M	1
D'Ambrosio, A	1
Di Sciascio, G	1
Dunn, SP	1
Steinhubl, SR	2
Bauer, D	2
Charnigo, RJ	1
Berger, PB	2
Topol, EJ	6
Leung, LY	1
Albright, KC	1
Boehme, AK	1
Tarsia, J	1
Shah, KR	1
Siegler, JE	1
Jones, EM	1
Pletsch, GR	1
Beasley, TM	1
Martin-Schild, S	1
Maruyama, H	3
Fukuoka, T	3
Deguchi, I	3
Ohe, Y	2
Nagoya, H	2
Kato, Y	3
Horiuchi, Y	3
Hayashi, T	2
Tanahashi, N	3
Sorkin, GC	1
Dumont, TM	1
Wach, MM	1
Eller, JL	1
Mokin, M	1
Natarajan, SK	2
Baxter, MS	1
Snyder, KV	2
Levy, EI	2
Hopkins, LN	2
Siddiqui, AH	2
Beynon, C	1
Sakowitz, OW	1
Unterberg, AW	1
Liang, ZY	1
Han, YL	1
Zhang, XL	1
Li, Y	1
Yan, CH	1
Kang, J	1
Park, KM	1
Kim, SE	2
Shin, KJ	1
Park, J	1
Kim, HC	1
Mun, CW	1
Ha, SY	1
Webster, CM	1
Hokari, M	1
McManus, A	1
Tang, XN	1
Ma, H	1
Kacimi, R	1
Yenari, MA	1
Jastrzębska, M	1
Chełstowski, K	1
Wódecka, A	1
Siennicka, A	1
Clark, J	1
Nowacki, P	1
Lee, M	2
Hong, KS	2
Rao, NM	2
Wu, YL	2
Ovbiagele, B	4
Nakagawa, I	1
Wada, T	1
Park, HS	1
Nishimura, F	1
Yamada, S	1
Nakagawa, H	1
Kichikawa, K	1
Nakase, H	1
Ferreiro, JL	1
Bhatt, DL	8
Ueno, M	1
Angiolillo, DJ	1
Nomani, F	1
Kamal, AK	3
Bekbosynov, AZh	1
Castilla-Guerra, L	1
Fernandez-Moreno, Mdel C	1
Navas-Alcantara, MS	1
Jimenez-Gonzalo, F	1
Nagamine, Y	1
Sano, H	1
Kohriyama, T	1
Mihara, C	1
Yokoyama, T	1
Torii, T	1
Yamada, A	1
Takamatsu, K	1
Ota, T	1
Noda, K	1
Kataoka, S	1
Ito, H	2
Nomura, E	1
Ohtsuki, T	1
Aoki, S	1
Nezu, T	1
Takeda, I	1
Mukai, T	1
Hosomi, N	1
Matsumoto, M	2
Chen, CY	1
Lee, KT	1
Lee, CT	1
Lai, WT	1
Huang, YB	1
Sandercock, PA	1
Counsell, C	1
Tseng, MC	1
Cecconi, E	1
Amarenco, P	2
Davis, S	1
Jones, EF	1
Cohen, AA	1
Heiss, WD	1
Kaste, M	3
Laouénan, C	1
Young, D	1
Macleod, M	1
Donnan, GA	3
Siepmann, T	1
Heinke, D	1
Kepplinger, J	1
Barlinn, K	1
Gehrisch, S	1
Grählert, X	1
Schwanebeck, U	1
Reichmann, H	1
Puetz, V	1
Bodechtel, U	1
Gahn, G	2
Meng, H	1
Xu, L	1
Liu, J	3
Kong, D	1
Chen, P	1
Gong, X	1
Bai, J	1
Zou, F	1
Yang, Z	2
Eikelboom, JW	3
Kashiwazaki, D	1
Kuwayama, N	1
Akioka, N	1
Hayakawa, Y	1
Kuroda, S	1
Isshiki, T	1
Kimura, T	1
Ogawa, H	1
Yokoi, H	1
Nanto, S	1
Takayama, M	1
Kitagawa, K	1
Nishikawa, M	1
Miyazaki, S	1
Ikeda, Y	2
Nakamura, M	1
Saito, S	1
Zhang, S	1
Lai, X	1
Li, W	2
Xiong, Z	1
Xu, A	2
Huang, L	1
Lee, HC	1
Lee, JD	1
Chang, KC	1
Wu, CY	1
Lee, TH	1
Wang, HH	1
Toyoda, K	1
Uchiyama, S	5
Hoshino, H	1
Kimura, K	1
Origasa, H	1
Naritomi, H	1
Minematsu, K	1
Yamaguchi, T	1
Qiu, LN	2
Sun, Y	1
Wang, L	3
Han, RF	2
Xia, XS	2
Jeong, TD	1
Kim, SM	1
Kim, HJ	1
Lee, W	1
Kwon, SU	2
Min, WK	1
Kang, DW	2
Chun, S	1
Robson, K	1
Dineen, R	1
Pocock, S	2
Flockhart, DA	1
Freeman, CP	1
Kimmel, SE	1
Liu, F	1
Tantry, US	1
Gurbel, PA	1
Yang, J	1
Zhou, JS	1
Zhao, YX	1
Yang, ZH	1
Zhao, HD	1
Zhang, YD	1
Zou, JJ	1
Blann, AD	1
Skjøth, F	1
Rasmussen, LH	1
Larsen, TB	1
Lip, GY	2
Asai, T	1
Miyachi, S	1
Izumi, T	1
Matsubara, N	1
Haraguchi, K	1
Yamanouchi, T	1
Ota, K	1
Shintai, K	1
Tajima, H	1
Wakabayashi, T	1
Su, Y	1
Cheng, X	1
Dong, Q	3
Han, Y	2
Lv, HH	2
Liu, X	3
Yang, XL	2
Li, SX	2
Wu, S	2
Jiang, JM	2
Luo, Z	2
Zhu, DS	1
Zheng, Y	1
Guan, YT	2
Xu, JF	2
Flechtenmacher, N	1
Kämmerer, F	1
Dittmer, R	1
Budde, U	1
Michels, P	1
Röther, J	2
Eckert, B	1
Lin, M	2
Todaro, M	1
Chan, J	1
Churilov, L	1
Ramdave, S	1
Mitchell, PJ	1
Dowling, RJ	1
Kwan, P	1
Yan, B	1
Fabiaña, N	1
Ramaswami, AP	1
Ang, ES	1
De Silva, DA	1
Zheng, SL	1
Li, L	1
An, LX	1
Christiansen, CB	1
Pallisgaard, J	1
Gerds, TA	1
Olesen, JB	1
Jørgensen, ME	1
Numé, AK	1
Carlson, N	1
Kristensen, SL	1
Gislason, G	1
Torp-Pedersen, C	2
Sternberg, Z	2
Chichelli, T	2
Sternberg, D	1
Sawyer, R	1
Ching, M	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multicenter Prospective observationaL Study to evAluate the effecT of Clopidogrel on the prEvention of Major vascuLar Events According to the gEnotype of Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Ischemic Stroke paTients; PLATELET Study[NCT04072705]		2,927 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-09-20	Completed
Randomized,Double-blind Trial Comparing the Effects of a 3-month Clopidogrel Regimen,Combined With ASA During the First 21days,Versus ASA Alone for the Acute Treatment of TIA or Minor Stroke[NCT00979589]	Phase 3	5,100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) Trial[NCT00991029]	Phase 3	4,881 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-28	Terminated (stopped due to The trial was halted by the DSMB.)
Trial of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Acute Stroke and Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis - a Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Blinded End-point Study With High-resolution MR Vessel Wall Imaging[NCT05001984]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Recruiting
Early Intensive Medical Therapy for the Prevention of Early Neurological Deterioration in Branch Atheromatous Disease[NCT04824911]	Phase 2	424 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-23	Recruiting
Comparison of Clopidogrel-based Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Warfarin as Secondary Prevention Strategy for AntiPhospholipid Syndrome-related STROKE (APS-STROKE)[NCT05995600]	Phase 4	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy In Ischemic Stroke[NCT05763862]		350 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-24	Recruiting
A REAl-life Study on Short-term Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack[NCT05476081]		1,067 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-02-03	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Tirofiban in Patients With Acute Branch Atheromatous Disease (BAD)- Related Stroke (BRANT)[NCT06037889]	Phase 3	516 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-09	Recruiting
Efficacy of Two Different Pre-Intervention Therapeutic Strategies With Clopidogrel and Atorvastatin for the Prevention of Cerebral Damage During Carotid Artery Stenting. Armyda-Caro Randomized Trial.[NCT01572623]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Recruiting
Prevention of New Vascular Events in Patients With Brain Infarction or Peripheral Embolism and Thoracic Aortic Plaques ≥ 4 mm in Thickness in the Aortic Arch or Descending Aortic Upstream to the Embolized Artery[NCT00235248]	Phase 3	350 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination[NCT01995370]	Phase 4	1,884 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-13	Completed
Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Cilostazol in the Prevention of Ischemic Vascular Events in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.[NCT02983214]	Phase 4	826 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Comparison of Triflusal and Clopidogrel Effect in Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on the Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping[NCT01174693]	Phase 4	795 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Comparison of Prasugrel and Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome Subjects With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Are Medically Managed[NCT00699998]	Phase 3	9,326 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
COMbination of Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Prevention of REcurrence in Acute Atherothrombotic Stroke Study: Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial[NCT00814268]	Phase 4	358 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
The Optimal Regimen of Medical Treatment in Endovascular Therapy in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Based on Clopidogrel Resistance[NCT01925872]		2,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2013-05-31	Enrolling by invitation
PRoFESS - Prevention Regimen For Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes: A Double-blind, Active and Placebo Controlled Study of Aggrenox vs. Clopidogrel, With and Without Micardis[NCT00153062]	Phase 4	20,332 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
Influence of CILostazol-based Triple Anti-platelet Therapy ON Ischemic Complication After Drug-eluting stenT Implantation[NCT00776828]	Phase 4	960 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
CHoosing Triple or Double therApy in the Era of nOac for patientS Undergoing PCI: the CHAOS a Multicenter Study.[NCT03558295]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2018-05-01	Recruiting
Aspirin Versus Aspirin + ClopidogRel as Antithrombotic Treatment Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the Edwards Valve. A Randomized Study (the ARTE Trial)[NCT02640794]	Phase 4	222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Triple Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiac Patients Requiring Revascularization[NCT03889574]		84 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-02-26	Completed
Aspirin Versus Aspirin + ClopidogRel as Antithrombotic Treatment Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the Edwards SAPIEN XT Valve. A Randomized Pilot Study (the ARTE Trial)[NCT01559298]	Phase 4	178 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Effect of Tailored Use of Tirofiban in Patients With Non-ST-elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT03114995]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-01	Completed
"PGDT With the Hypotension Prediction Index to Reduce the Number and Duration of Intraoperative Hypotension and the Incidence of Renal Failure in Patients Undergoing Lung Surgery"[NCT04149314]		142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-20	Completed
Prevalence of Low Response to Clopidogrel in Patients After Acute Ischemic Stroke.[NCT01843361]		159 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-07-31	Completed
Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention for Patient With Silent Brain Infarction[NCT03318744]		3,400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-31	Not yet recruiting
A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Phase 3, Efficacy and Safety Study of Ticagrelor Compared With Clopidogrel for Prevention of Vascular Events in Patients With Non-ST or ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) [PLATO- a Study of PLATelet Inh[NCT00391872]	Phase 3	18,624 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Effects of Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel Plus Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) After Percutaneous Lower Extremity Revascularization in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease[NCT02798913]	Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Recruiting
Aspirin Non-responsiveness and Clopidogrel Endpoint Trial.[NCT00222261]	Phase 4	1,001 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
Comparative Study of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Clopidogrel Salts in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. A Multi-center Non-interventional Clinical Trial.[NCT02126982]		1,500 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-10-31	Completed
Antiplatelet Therapy in HIV - Antiplatelet and Immune Modulating Effects of Aspirin or Clopidogrel in Subjects With HIV[NCT02559414]	Phase 2	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Influence of Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Two Times a Day for Intermittent Claudication and Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) - a Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT04305028]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-03-10	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of H2 Receptor Antagonist in Prevention of Thienopyridine-related Peptic Ulcer[NCT02418312]		228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Pantoprazole Versus Famotidine for the Prevention of Recurrent Peptic Ulcers in Thienopyridine Users - a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02551744]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, death from ischemic vascular causes, or major hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	141
Placebo	167

Primary efficacy outcome: Number of Participants with Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Death From Any Cause

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	121
Placebo	160

Other safety outcome: Number of Participants with Death from any cause (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	18
Placebo	12

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Death from ischemic vascular causes (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	6
Placebo	4

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with Hemorrhagic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	5
Placebo	3

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Ischemic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	116
Placebo	156

Secondary efficacy outcome:Number of participants with Ischemic stroke (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Major Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	112
Placebo	155

Primary safety outcome: Number of Participants with major hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Major Hemorrhage Other Than Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	23
Placebo	10

Other safety outcome: Number of Participants with Major hemorrhage other than intracranial hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Minor Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	17
Placebo	7

Other safety outcome:Number of Participants with Minor hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Myocardial Infarction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	40
Placebo	13

Secondary efficacy outcome: Number of participants with Myocardial infarction (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: Up to 90 days

Other Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	10
Placebo	7

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with other symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	2
Placebo	0

Other safety outcome: Number of participants with Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NCT00991029)
Timeframe: up to 90 days

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of All-cause Death, MI, or Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clopidogrel	2
Placebo	2

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing an all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Stroke

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10.61
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	27.04
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	11.12
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	26.83

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke divided by number of participants in the treatment arm multiplied by 100. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death and MI

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10.06
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	24.64
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	10.96
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	24.13

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death or nonfatal MI divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death, MI, Stroke, or Re-hospitalization for Recurrent Unstable Angina (UA)

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	9.61
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	22.53
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	10.21
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	22.69

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke or re-hospitalization for a recurrent UA divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoints events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	12.13
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	26.27
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	12.83
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	25.67

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to hemodynamic stress and is a biomarker associated with increased CV risk. Results are presented as geometric least squares means (Geometric LS means). Geometric LS means were adjusted for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and 6 Months

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Intervention	picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
	Day 30	6 Months (n=725, 125, 701, 174)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	319.345	250.982
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	951.359	722.750
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	313.494	253.434
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	1082.396	770.132

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker associated with inflammation and increased CV risk. Results are presented as geometric least squares means (Geometric LS means). Geometric LS means were adjusted for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and Month 6

Economic and Quality of Life Outcomes

Intervention	milligrams per liter (mg/L) (Geometric Mean)
	Day 30	6 Months (n=755, 143, 745, 178)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	2.287	2.149
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	2.226	1.543
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	2.330	2.272
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	2.441	1.593

Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) is a validated, disease-specific questionnaire containing 11 questions (Q) yielding 5 summary scales related to angina: physical limitations, angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction and disease perception. In this study only angina frequency and the physical limitations scales were assessed. Anginal Frequency was assessed using Q3 and Q4 which consists of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6 (higher values equals better quality of life) to assess how often a patient is having symptoms now. Physical limitations was assessed using Q1 which contains 9 items each assessed via Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6 (higher values equals better quality of life) to assess how much a participant's condition is hampering their ability to do what they want to do. Scale scores are transformed to a 0-100 by subtracting the lowest possible score, dividing by the range of the scale, and multiplying by 100. Higher values equal better quality of life. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up (24 months)

Genotyping Related to Drug Metabolism

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline, physical limitations	Baseline, angina frequency	24 Months, physical limitations (n=420, 412)	24 Months, angina frequency (n=420, 412)
Clopidogrel	67.0	73.1	74.5	89.5
Prasugrel	67.8	73.6	75.1	89.7

Variation in the genes encoding the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP2C19) can reduce the ability to metabolize clopidogrel and a reduced platelet response and have been associated with increased rates of CV events including CV death. Participants were classified as extensive metabolizers (EM); reduced metabolizers (RM); or unknown (UNK) metabolizers based on their CYP2C19 genotype. Possible extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotypes include EM=extensive metabolizer, UM=ultra-rapid metabolizer, and EM (non-UM) that are not UM. Possible reduced metabolizer (RM) phenotypes include IM=intermediate metabolizer and PM=poor metabolizer. Genotypes associated with each predicted phenotype are presented; predicted phenotype is presented first followed by the genotype. Percentage=(number of participants with the predicted phenotype and genotype divided by the total number of participants per arm) multiplied by 100. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Baseline

Platelet Aggregation Measures

Intervention	percentage participants with geneotype (Number)
	UM, 1/17	UM, 17/17	EM (non-UM), 1/1	IM, 1/2	IM, 1/3	IM, 1/4	IM, 1/6	IM, 1/8	PM, 2/2	PM, 2/3	PM, 2/4	PM, 2/6	PM, 2/8	PM, 3/3	UNK, 1/10	UNK, 1/13	UNK, 1/9	UNK, 1/9, 9/17	UNK, 13/17	UNK, 2/13	UNK, 2/17	UNK, 2/9	UNK, 3/17	UNK, 4/17	UNK, 4/9	UNK, 6/17	UNK, 8/17	UNK, 9/17	UNK, Undefined genotype
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	25.1	5.4	35.7	19.8	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.4	4.3	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.8	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.5
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	21.8	4.3	41.2	19.7	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	3.8	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.6
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	24.0	5.1	38.8	18.6	0.8	0.4	0.0	0.1	3.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.7
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	25.0	3.6	42.1	18.3	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.5	2.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6

Platelet aggregation was measured by as measured by Accumetrics Verify Now™ P2Y12. Results were reported in P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU). PRU represents the rate and extent of adenosine (ADP)-stimulated platelet aggregation. Lower values indicate greater P2Y12 platelet inhibition and lower platelet activity and aggregation. ANCOVA Model was used and values were corrected for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and 12 Months

Summary of All Deaths

Intervention	P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) (Least Squares Mean)
	Day 30	Month 12 (n=386, 76, 400, 103)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	193.489	199.003
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	200.285	181.360
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	93.280	94.529
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	151.872	135.096

All deaths, regardless of possible relatedness, with the exception of 1 event, were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee (CEC) and are reported in this table. The 1 event which was not adjudicated was a result of the revocation of consent by the participant prior to their death. Deaths possibly related to study drug in the opinion of the investigator are also contained in the Serious Adverse Event (SAE) module. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Vascular Death (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Congestive Heart Failure	Cardiogenic Shock	Cardiac Rupture	Myocardial Infarction	Dysrhythmia	Stent Thrombosis	Directly Related to Revascularization-CABG or PCI	Intracranial Hemorrhage	Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke	Sudden death due to cardiovascular event	Pulmonary Embolism	Stroke, unknown type	Other Cardiovascular Event	Cardiovascular event, unknown type	Accidental	Trauma	Hemorrhage, not intracranial	Infection	Malignancy	Suicide	Other Non-Cardiovascular event	Cause unknown (nonadjudicated event)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	13	10	0	24	6	0	1	4	4	70	2	0	0	45	1	0	0	16	14	0	8	0
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	23	9	0	21	3	0	1	1	3	43	1	0	1	45	1	1	4	17	11	0	6	0
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10	8	0	16	5	0	1	2	4	75	0	0	6	40	1	2	1	14	14	1	8	0
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	21	4	1	24	2	0	1	1	4	39	1	1	1	41	0	3	1	21	7	0	4	1

Number of patients with any of stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death (NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Vascular Death, or New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Aspirin + Extended Release Dipyridamole	1333
Clopidogrel	1333

Number of patients with any of stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death, or new or worsening congestive heart failure (NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Telmisartan	1367
Placebo	1463

(NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Aspirin + Extended Release Dipyridamole	916
Clopidogrel	898

(NCT00153062)
Timeframe: time since randomization; follow-up period is 1.5 to 4.4 years

Number of Patients With New Onset of Diabetes (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Area Under Curve of Serial Cardiac Biomarkers

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Telmisartan	880
Placebo	934

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Telmisartan	125
Placebo	151

An area under the curve of serial levels of Troponin I and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme during 36 hours (NCT03114995)
Timeframe: 0,6,12,18,24,30,36 hours

Percentage of Participants With Periprocedural Myonecrosis

Intervention	Hours*ng/ml (Median)
	Troponin I	creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme
Control C1 (High Platelet Reactivity - no Tirofiban)	38.0	92.7
Control C2 (Low Platelet Reactivity - no Tirofiban)	121.4	185.6
Group A (High Platelet Reactivity - Tirofiban)	197.2	252.5

"Percentage of participants with periprocedural myonecrosis under the criteria described below.~When the cardiac biomarkers before the procedure were within the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL), more than a 5-fold elevation in the URL within 12 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was defined as periprocedural myonecrosis. If the cardiac biomarker level was already above the 99th percentile URL before the procedure and the trend was stationary or decreasing, a ≥20% increase compared to the previous level was considered periprocedural myonecrosis. If the trend was still increasing, the levels at the post-6 hour and 12-hour were compared to determine periprocedural myonecrosis." (NCT03114995)
Timeframe: 0,6,12,18,24,30,36 hours

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of All-cause Mortality, MI, and Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Troponin I	creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme
Control C1 (High Platelet Reactivity - no Tirofiban)	15	10
Control C2 (Low Platelet Reactivity - no Tirofiban)	26	25
Group A (High Platelet Reactivity - Tirofiban)	16	11

Participants with death from any cause, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal of consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI (Including Silent), Stroke, Recurrent Ischemia, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and Other Arterial Thrombotic Events.

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	901
CLOPIDOGREL	1065

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, stroke, recurrent ischemia, or other thrombotic events. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI, and Stroke for the Subgroup of Patients With Intent for Invasive Management at Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	1290
CLOPIDOGREL	1456

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of intent for invasive management population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	569
CLOPIDOGREL	668

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. Intention To Treat (ITT) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Major Bleeding Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	864
CLOPIDOGREL	1014

Participants with major (fatal/life-threatening or other) bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	961
CLOPIDOGREL	929

Participants with a major CABG-related bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. All CABG surgeries were submitted for adjudication by an endpoint committee as potential bleeds. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Fatal/Life-threatening Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	619
CLOPIDOGREL	654

Number of participants with a major fatal/life-threatening CABG-related bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. All CABG surgeries were submitted for adjudication by an endpoint committee as potential bleeds. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Death From Any Cause

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	329
CLOPIDOGREL	341

Participants with death from any cause. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Death From Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	399
CLOPIDOGREL	506

Participants with death from vascular causes. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Major or Minor Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	353
CLOPIDOGREL	442

Participants with major (fatal/life-threatening or other) or minor bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With MI Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	1339
CLOPIDOGREL	1215

Participants with MI event. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Non-CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) Related Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	504
CLOPIDOGREL	593

Participants with non CABG related major (fatal/life-threatening or other) bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Non-procedural Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	362
CLOPIDOGREL	306

Participants with non-procedural major bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	235
CLOPIDOGREL	180

Participants with stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24 Hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week at 1 Month Following Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	125
CLOPIDOGREL	106

Number of participants who were observed to have at least 1 ventricular pause of at least 3 seconds. Population is all patients who were observed over 2 week-long periods. Pauses were flagged algorithmically and confirmed by TIMI cardiologists. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: 1-week period following randomization

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24-hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week Following Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	21
CLOPIDOGREL	16

Number of participants who were observed to have at least 1 ventricular pause of at least 3 seconds. Population is all patients who were observed over 2 week-long periods. Pauses were flagged algorithmically and confirmed by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) group cardiologists. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: 1-week period following randomization

Percentage Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregate

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	84
CLOPIDOGREL	51

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to endothelial function. (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to immune activity (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to inflammation (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With ADP 5μM for 5 Min

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With Arachidonic Acid 1600 μM for 5 Min

The primary objective of these analyses will be to compare the effects of aspirin versus control and clopidogrel versus control for the outcome of platelet activity. Aspirin is expected to decrease arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by 50% versus control. Clopidogrel is expected to decrease ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 50% versus control. (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 Days

Number of Participants With Healed Peptic Ulcer

Follow-up endoscopy was performed at the end of the 6th month (NCT02418312)
Timeframe: 6 months

Number of Participants With Ulcer Recurrence

Follow-up endoscopy was performed at the end of the 6th month (NCT02551744)
Timeframe: six month

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	14.06
Placebo Follow up	13.84
Aspirin Baseline	11.18
Aspirin Randomization	12.11
Clopidogrel Baseline	13.06
Clopidogrel Randomization	12.29

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	15.53
Placebo Follow up	15.43
Aspirin Baseline	13.15
Aspirin Follow up	14.96
Clopidogrel Baseline	16.03
Clopidogrel Follow up	14.85

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	69.45
Placebo Follow up	80.33
Aspirin Baseline	82.04
Aspirin Randomization	62.00
Clopidogrel Baseline	78.86
Clopidogrel Randomization	39.88

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	72.35
Placebo Follow up	79.11
Aspirin Baseline	72.79
Aspirin Randomization	26.77
Clopidogrel Baseline	71.07
Clopidogrel Randomization	65.00

Intervention	participants (Number)
Proton Pump Inhibitor Group	1
Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Group	7

Article	Year
[Optimal antiplatelet strategy in patients with high-risk transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke]. Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2019, Sep-01, Volume: 58, Issue:9 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Stroke; Ticlopi	2019
High on treatment platelet reactivity to aspirin and clopidogrel in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2017, May-15, Volume: 376 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Resistance; Humans; Platelet Aggregation	2017
Impact of proton pump inhibitor therapy on the efficacy of clopidogrel in the CAPRIE and CREDO trials. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2013, Jan-15, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Brain Ischemia; Chi-Square Distribution; Clopidogrel; Cytochrom	2013
Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 2013, Oct-01, Volume: 159, Issue:7 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human	2013
Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Mar-26, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Dipyridamole; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Controlle	2014
Efficacy and safety of cilostazol based triple antiplatelet treatment versus dual antiplatelet treatment in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation: an updated meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2015, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; M	2015
P2Y12 receptor inhibitors for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2015, Volume: 16, Issue:8 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Platelet Aggre	2015
Edoxaban versus placebo, aspirin, or aspirin plus clopidogrel for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. An indirect comparison analysis. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2015, Volume: 114, Issue:2 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Clopidogrel; Drug	2015
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: Evidence and Indications. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; St	2015
Clopidogrel in secondary ischemic stroke prevention. Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery, 2008, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-	2008
Combination antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Pharmacotherapy, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2008
Multifunctional actions of approved and candidate stroke drugs. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2009, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Albumins; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Cytidine Diphospha	2009
What's new in stroke? The top 10 studies of 2006-2008. Part I. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 2008, Volume: 118, Issue:11 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medici	2008
Antiplatelet agents for prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association, 2009, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Practic	2009
Antiplatelet drugs for ischemic stroke prevention. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2009, Volume: 27 Suppl 1 Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination;	2009
Antiplatelet therapy in ischemic stroke: variability in clinical trials and its impact on choosing the appropriate therapy. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2009, Sep-15, Volume: 284, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Atherosclerosis; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic;	2009
Antithrombotic therapies in cerebrovascular disease: what should we use as secondary prevention in patients with carotid artery disease? Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions, 2009, Jul-01, Volume: 74 Suppl 1 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Stenosis; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy,	2009
Antiplatelet treatment in ischemic stroke treatment. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2009, Volume: 9, Issue:14 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Stroke; Ticlopidine	2009
Antiplatelets and stroke outcomes: state of the science. Critical care nursing clinics of North America, 2009, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Aspirin; Aspirin, Dipyridamole Drug Combination; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipy	2009
Antithrombotic management for transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke (other than atrial fibrillation). Current atherosclerosis reports, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Brain Ischemia; Cilostazol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clop	2011
Role of platelet function testing in clinical practice: current concepts and future perspectives. Current drug targets, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Biotransformation; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resis	2011
Clopidogrel and modified-release dipyridamole for the prevention of occlusive vascular events (review of Technology Appraisal No. 90): a systematic review and economic analysis. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2011, Volume: 15, Issue:31 Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Delayed-Ac	2011
Dual or mono antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke, 2012, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Datab	2012
Current trial-associated outcomes with warfarin in prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Archives of internal medicine, 2012, Apr-23, Volume: 172, Issue:8 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Azetidines; Benzylamines; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel;	2012
Acute ischemic cerebrovascular events on antiplatelet therapy: what is the optimal prevention strategy? Current pharmaceutical design, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:21 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Life S	2013
Aspirin and clopidogrel for prevention of ischemic stroke. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2013, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Platel	2013
[The value of platelet inhibitors in the secondary prophylaxis of stroke -- a review]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 2004, Volume: 72, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relation	2004
Combination antiplatelet agents in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York, 2005, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2005
Efficacy and costs of secondary prevention with antiplatelets after ischaemic stroke. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dipyridamole; Health Care Costs; Humans	2005
Adding aspirin to clopidogrel after TIA and ischemic stroke: benefits do not match risks. Neurology, 2005, Apr-12, Volume: 64, Issue:7 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Ischemic At	2005
Avoiding central nervous system bleeding during antithrombotic therapy: recent data and ideas. Stroke, 2005, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Blood Pressur	2005
[Current concepts of the antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment in the prevention of stroke]. Orvosi hetilap, 2005, Oct-09, Volume: 146, Issue:41 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel;	2005
Results of the management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high-risk patients trial: implications for the neurologist. Archives of neurology, 2006, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Platelet A	2006
[Mechanism of action and clinical use of ticlopidine]. Kardiologiia, 2006, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Diabetic Angiopathies; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Myo	2006
Antithrombotic treatment in the prevention of ischemic stroke. Current drug targets, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:7 Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Platele	2007
The PRoFESS trial: future impact on secondary stroke prevention. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2007, Volume: 7, Issue:9 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspirin; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Brain Ischemia; Clopid	2007
Indications for dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel: evidence-based recommendations for use. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Coron	2008
Update on antiplatelet agents, including MATCH, CHARISMA, and ESPRIT. Current cardiology reports, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Dipyridamole; Female; Humans; Ischemi	2008
Antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of ischaemic stroke. Nouvelle revue francaise d'hematologie, 1994, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Platele	1994
Antithrombotic therapies for stroke prevention. Current opinion in neurology, 1994, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Fibrinolyti	1994
[Therapy and prevention of cerebral ischemia]. Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique, 1996, Volume: 53, Issue:7 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon; Anticoagulants; Brain Ischemia; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combi	1996
Ticlopidine. A review of its pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability in the prevention of cerebral ischaemia and stroke. Drugs & aging, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Drug Interactions; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor	1996
Ticlopidine or clopidogrel as alternatives to aspirin in prevention of ischemic stroke. European neurology, 1996, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clopidogrel; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibi	1996
[Antithrombotic therapy after cerebral ischemia]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:9 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy,	1997
[Anti-aggregation therapy for prevention of cerebral ischemic stroke: a risk benefit analysis]. Medicina clinica, 1997, Dec-06, Volume: 109, Issue:20 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Risk; Ti	1997
[Secondary prevention following cerebral ischemia: is monotherapy with acetylsalicylic acid still first choice?]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1998, Feb-07, Volume: 142, Issue:6 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clopidogrel	1998
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in acute ischemic stroke. Virginia medical quarterly : VMQ, 1998,Spring, Volume: 125, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials a	1998
Antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of ischemic vascular events: literature review and evidence-based guidelines for drug selection. Clinical cardiology, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Algorithms; Arteriosclerosis; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Critic	1999
Thienopyridines or aspirin to prevent stroke and other serious vascular events in patients at high risk of vascular disease? A systematic review of the evidence from randomized trials. Stroke, 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:7 Topics: Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Platelet Aggregation Inhib	2000
[The use of drugs that affect thrombocytes in cerebral ischemia]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1990, Volume: 106, Issue:11 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Brain Ischemia; Dipyridamole; Female; Humans; Male; Ticlopidine	1990

ticlopidine and Cerebral Ischemia

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (264)

Authors

Clinical Trials (35)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes, or Major Hemorrhage

Composite of Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Death From Any Cause

Death From Ischemic Vascular Causes

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke

Ischemic Stroke

Major Hemorrhage

Major Hemorrhage Other Than Intracranial Hemorrhage

Minor Hemorrhage

Myocardial Infarction

Other Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of All-cause Death, MI, or Stroke

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Stroke

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death and MI

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death, MI, Stroke, or Re-hospitalization for Recurrent Unstable Angina (UA)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Economic and Quality of Life Outcomes

Genotyping Related to Drug Metabolism

Platelet Aggregation Measures

Summary of All Deaths

Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Vascular Death (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

Composite Outcome of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Vascular Death, or New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Antiplatelet Comparison Only)

Number of Patients With First Recurrent Stroke of Any Type, Fatal or Nonfatal (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Number of Patients With New Onset of Diabetes (Telmisartan vs. Placebo Only)

Area Under Curve of Serial Cardiac Biomarkers

Percentage of Participants With Periprocedural Myonecrosis

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of All-cause Mortality, MI, and Stroke

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI (Including Silent), Stroke, Recurrent Ischemia, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and Other Arterial Thrombotic Events.

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI, and Stroke for the Subgroup of Patients With Intent for Invasive Management at Randomization

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Stroke

Participants With Any Major Bleeding Event

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Bleeding

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Fatal/Life-threatening Bleeding

Participants With Death From Any Cause

Participants With Death From Vascular Causes

Participants With Major or Minor Bleeding

Participants With MI Event

Participants With Non-CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) Related Major Bleeding

Participants With Non-procedural Major Bleeding

Participants With Stroke

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24 Hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week at 1 Month Following Randomization

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24-hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week Following Randomization

Percentage Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregate

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With ADP 5μM for 5 Min

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With Arachidonic Acid 1600 μM for 5 Min

Number of Participants With Healed Peptic Ulcer

Number of Participants With Ulcer Recurrence

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies