ticlopidine and Brain Hemorrhage studies

Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.
ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"We evaluated treatment effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without a history of prior stroke or TIA in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial."	9.16	Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Becker, RC; Husted, S; James, SK; Keltai, M; Khurmi, NS; Lopes, RD; Lopez-Sendon, JL; Mahaffey, KW; Maya, J; Morais, J; Nicolau, JC; Pais, P; Raev, D; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF, 2012)
"We sought explore the relative benefits of unfractionated heparin (UFH) compared with enoxaparin, alone or in combination with clopidogrel, in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients not undergoing reperfusion therapy."	7.81	Unfractionated heparin-clopidogrel combination in ST-elevation myocardial infarction not receiving reperfusion therapy. ( Badimon, L; Bugiardini, R; Calmac, L; Cenko, E; Daullxhiu, I; Dorobantu, M; Kedev, S; Knežević, B; Koller, A; Manfrini, O; Miličić, D; Puddu, PE; Ricci, B; Trninic, D; Vasiljevic, Z, 2015)
"The Fast Assessment of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack to Prevent Early Recurrence trial raised concern that loading doses of clopidogrel may increase hemorrhagic complications."	7.79	Short-term bleeding events observed with clopidogrel loading in acute ischemic stroke patients. ( Albright, KC; Beasley, TM; Boehme, AK; Jones, EM; Leung, LY; Martin-Schild, S; Pletsch, GR; Shah, KR; Siegler, JE; Tarsia, J, 2013)
" As for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), stroke recurrence, and adverse event (AE) rate, there were no significant differences of efficacy among 7 drug therapies."	6.58	Aspirin plus dipyridamole has the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) values in terms of mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and adverse event rate among 7 drug therapies in the treatment of cerebral infarction. ( Liu, X; Zhang, JJ, 2018)
"We evaluated treatment effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without a history of prior stroke or TIA in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial."	5.16	Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. ( Becker, RC; Husted, S; James, SK; Keltai, M; Khurmi, NS; Lopes, RD; Lopez-Sendon, JL; Mahaffey, KW; Maya, J; Morais, J; Nicolau, JC; Pais, P; Raev, D; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF, 2012)
"For stroke prevention in elderly patients with IS or TIA, DAPT is superior to aspirin monotherapy but appears to be equivalent to clopidogrel monotherapy, and is accompanied by an increased risk of bleeding."	4.98	Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in the elderly for stroke prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Ding, L; Peng, B, 2018)
" Three preventive strategies were identified: (i) intra-operative transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound and completion angioscopy which virtually abolished intra-operative stroke, primarily through the removal of residual luminal thrombus prior to restoration of flow; (ii) dual antiplatelet therapy with a single 75-mg dose of clopidogrel the night before surgery in addition to regular 75 mg aspirin which virtually abolished post-operative thromboembolic stroke and may also have contributed towards a decline in stroke/death following major cardiac events; and (iii) the provision of written guidance for managing post-CEA hypertension which was associated with virtual abolition of intracranial haemorrhage and stroke as a result of hyperperfusion syndrome."	4.89	Closing the loop: a 21-year audit of strategies for preventing stroke and death following carotid endarterectomy. ( Bell, PR; Bown, MJ; Dennis, MJ; London, NJ; McCarthy, MJ; Nasim, A; Naylor, AR; Sayers, RD, 2013)
"Recurrent stroke risk did not differ between patients receiving dual-antiplatelet therapy and those receiving aspirin monotherapy (relative risk [RR], 0."	4.89	Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Hong, KS; Lee, M; Ovbiagele, B; Rao, NM; Saver, JL; Wu, YL, 2013)
"We pooled individual patient data from 6 randomized clinical trials (CAPRIE [Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events], ESPS-2 [European Stroke Prevention Study-2], MATCH [Management of Atherothrombosis With Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients], CHARISMA [Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance], ESPRIT [European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial], and PRoFESS [Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes]) investigating antiplatelet therapy in the subacute or chronic phase after noncardioembolic transient ischemic attack or stroke."	4.02	Balancing Benefits and Risks of Long-Term Antiplatelet Therapy in Noncardioembolic Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke. ( Algra, A; Bath, PM; Csiba, L; Diener, HC; Greving, JP; Hacke, W; Hilkens, NA; Kappelle, LJ; Koudstaal, PJ; Leys, D; Mas, JL; Sacco, RL, 2021)
" However, the risk of rebleeding remains high, especially in patients with chronic ICH and those pretreated with clopidogrel."	3.85	Platelet transfusion to reverse antiplatelet therapy before decompressive surgery in patients with intracranial haemorrhage. ( Baschin, M; Greinacher, A; Kohlmann, T; Schroeder, HW; Selleng, S; Thiele, T; Westphal, A; Zeden, JP, 2017)
"We sought explore the relative benefits of unfractionated heparin (UFH) compared with enoxaparin, alone or in combination with clopidogrel, in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients not undergoing reperfusion therapy."	3.81	Unfractionated heparin-clopidogrel combination in ST-elevation myocardial infarction not receiving reperfusion therapy. ( Badimon, L; Bugiardini, R; Calmac, L; Cenko, E; Daullxhiu, I; Dorobantu, M; Kedev, S; Knežević, B; Koller, A; Manfrini, O; Miličić, D; Puddu, PE; Ricci, B; Trninic, D; Vasiljevic, Z, 2015)
"The Fast Assessment of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack to Prevent Early Recurrence trial raised concern that loading doses of clopidogrel may increase hemorrhagic complications."	3.79	Short-term bleeding events observed with clopidogrel loading in acute ischemic stroke patients. ( Albright, KC; Beasley, TM; Boehme, AK; Jones, EM; Leung, LY; Martin-Schild, S; Pletsch, GR; Shah, KR; Siegler, JE; Tarsia, J, 2013)
" As for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), stroke recurrence, and adverse event (AE) rate, there were no significant differences of efficacy among 7 drug therapies."	2.58	Aspirin plus dipyridamole has the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) values in terms of mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and adverse event rate among 7 drug therapies in the treatment of cerebral infarction. ( Liu, X; Zhang, JJ, 2018)
"Aspirin was associated with increased bleeding risks when combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, clopidogrel and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with monotherapy."	2.53	Bleeding Risk with Long-Term Low-Dose Aspirin: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. ( García Rodríguez, LA; Hennekens, CH; Lanas, A; Martín-Pérez, M; Rothwell, PM, 2016)
"The number of anticoagulated trauma patients is increasing."	1.46	Novel oral anticoagulants and trauma: The results of a prospective American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trial. ( Barmparas, G; Bosarge, P; Brown, CV; Bukur, M; Carrick, MM; Catalano, RD; Coimbra, R; Holly-Nicolas, J; Inaba, K; Kaminski, S; Klein, AL; Kobayashi, L; Kopelman, T; Ley, EJ; Martinez, EM; Moore, FO; Murry, J; Nirula, R; Paul, D; Quick, J; Rivera, O; Schreiber, M, 2017)
"Flow diversion is increasingly used to treat intracranial aneurysms."	1.43	A New Protocol for Anticoagulation With Tirofiban During Flow Diversion. ( Chalouhi, N; Daou, B; Hasan, DM; Jabbour, P; Shields, B; Starke, RM, 2016)
"Aspirin (53."	1.43	Antithrombotic Medication Use and Misuse Among Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage: A 16-Year, Lebanese, Single-Center Experience. ( Fahed, E; Ghauche, J; Maarrawi, J; Menassa-Moussa, L; Moussa, R; Nohra, G; Okais, N; Rahme, R; Rizk, T; Samaha, E, 2016)
"All patients with intracranial hemorrhage on initial CT with prehospital CAP therapy were included."	1.40	Repeat head computed tomography in anticoagulated traumatic brain injury patients: still warranted. ( Aziz, H; Friese, RS; Joseph, B; Kulvatunyou, N; O'Keeffe, T; Pandit, V; Rhee, P; Sadoun, M; Tang, A; Wynne, JL, 2014)
"Immediate and delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma and preinjury warfarin or clopidogrel use."	1.40	Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients using warfarin or clopidogrel. ( Alsakha, A; Guttman, A, 2014)
"No new intracranial hemorrhages were observed in patients not receiving dual antiplatelet therapy."	1.39	Risk of hemorrhagic complication associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients on dual antiplatelet therapy. ( Bulsara, KR; Chalouhi, N; Hasan, DM; Howard, M; Jabbour, P; Kung, DK; Mahaney, KB; Smietana, J; Viljoen, S, 2013)
"The prevalence of immediate traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and the cumulative incidence of delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in these patients, however, are unknown."	1.38	Immediate and delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma and preinjury warfarin or clopidogrel use. ( Ballard, DW; Chettipally, UK; Holmes, JF; Nishijima, DK; Offerman, SR; Rauchwerger, AS; Reed, ME; Vinson, DR, 2012)
"Of the 500,000 brain injuries in the United States annually, 80% are considered mild (mild traumatic brain injury)."	1.38	Impact of age and anticoagulation: need for neurosurgical intervention in trauma patients with mild traumatic brain injury. ( Badellino, M; Moore, MM; Pasquale, MD, 2012)
"A total of 3,436 trauma patients were identified, of whom 456 were taking anticoagulants (warfarin, n = 91 patients; aspirin, n = 228; clopidogrel, n = 43; and various combinations, n = 94)."	1.37	Impact of preinjury warfarin and antiplatelet agents on outcomes of trauma patients. ( Arnold-Lloyd, T; Ata, A; Bonville, DJ; Jahraus, CB; Rosati, C; Salem, L; Stain, SC, 2011)

Research

Studies (50)

Authors

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Patients With All Cause Death and Non-fatal Stroke

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	9 (18.00)	29.6817
2010's	40 (80.00)	24.3611
2020's	1 (2.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Hilkens, NA	1
Algra, A	1
Diener, HC	1
Bath, PM	1
Csiba, L	1
Hacke, W	1
Kappelle, LJ	1
Koudstaal, PJ	1
Leys, D	1
Mas, JL	1
Sacco, RL	1
Greving, JP	1
Melkonian, M	1
Jarzebowski, W	1
Pautas, E	1
Siguret, V	1
Belmin, J	1
Lafuente-Lafuente, C	1
Kobayashi, L	1
Barmparas, G	1
Bosarge, P	1
Brown, CV	1
Bukur, M	1
Carrick, MM	1
Catalano, RD	1
Holly-Nicolas, J	1
Inaba, K	1
Kaminski, S	2
Klein, AL	1
Kopelman, T	1
Ley, EJ	1
Martinez, EM	1
Moore, FO	1
Murry, J	1
Nirula, R	1
Paul, D	1
Quick, J	1
Rivera, O	1
Schreiber, M	1
Coimbra, R	1
Baschin, M	1
Selleng, S	1
Zeden, JP	1
Westphal, A	1
Kohlmann, T	1
Schroeder, HW	1
Greinacher, A	1
Thiele, T	1
Nam, YH	1
Brensinger, CM	1
Bilker, WB	1
Leonard, CE	1
Kasner, SE	1
Grosser, T	1
Li, X	1
Hennessy, S	1
Zhang, JJ	1
Liu, X	1
Ding, L	1
Peng, B	1
Armstrong, PW	1
Gershlick, AH	1
Goldstein, P	1
Wilcox, R	1
Danays, T	1
Lambert, Y	1
Sulimov, V	1
Rosell Ortiz, F	1
Ostojic, M	1
Welsh, RC	1
Carvalho, AC	1
Nanas, J	1
Arntz, HR	1
Halvorsen, S	1
Huber, K	1
Grajek, S	1
Fresco, C	1
Bluhmki, E	1
Regelin, A	1
Vandenberghe, K	1
Bogaerts, K	1
Van de Werf, F	1
Leung, LY	1
Albright, KC	1
Boehme, AK	1
Tarsia, J	1
Shah, KR	1
Siegler, JE	1
Jones, EM	1
Pletsch, GR	1
Beasley, TM	1
Martin-Schild, S	1
Naylor, AR	1
Sayers, RD	1
McCarthy, MJ	1
Bown, MJ	1
Nasim, A	1
Dennis, MJ	1
London, NJ	1
Bell, PR	1
Mahaney, KB	1
Chalouhi, N	2
Viljoen, S	1
Smietana, J	1
Kung, DK	1
Jabbour, P	2
Bulsara, KR	1
Howard, M	1
Hasan, DM	2
Beynon, C	1
Scherer, M	1
Jakobs, M	1
Jung, C	1
Sakowitz, OW	1
Unterberg, AW	1
Lee, M	1
Saver, JL	1
Hong, KS	1
Rao, NM	1
Wu, YL	1
Ovbiagele, B	1
Joseph, B	2
Sadoun, M	1
Aziz, H	1
Tang, A	2
Wynne, JL	1
Pandit, V	2
Kulvatunyou, N	2
O'Keeffe, T	2
Friese, RS	2
Rhee, P	2
Kashiwazaki, D	1
Kuwayama, N	1
Akioka, N	1
Hayakawa, Y	1
Kuroda, S	1
Alsakha, A	1
Guttman, A	1
Meyer, D	1
Butvidas, L	1
Khalil, M	1
Zangbar, B	1
Gries, L	1
Llull, L	1
Martín, V	1
Vidal, B	1
Cervera, A	1
Reddy, S	1
Sharma, R	1
Grotts, J	1
Ferrigno, L	1
Jaben, EA	1
Mulay, SB	1
Stubbs, JR	1
Grandhi, R	1
Harrison, G	1
Voronovich, Z	1
Bauer, J	1
Chen, SH	1
Nicholas, D	1
Alarcon, LH	1
Okonkwo, DO	1
Bugiardini, R	1
Dorobantu, M	1
Vasiljevic, Z	1
Kedev, S	1
Knežević, B	1
Miličić, D	1
Calmac, L	1
Trninic, D	1
Daullxhiu, I	1
Cenko, E	1
Ricci, B	1
Puddu, PE	1
Manfrini, O	1
Koller, A	1
Badimon, L	1
Daou, B	1
Starke, RM	1
Shields, B	1
García Rodríguez, LA	1
Martín-Pérez, M	1
Hennekens, CH	1
Rothwell, PM	1
Lanas, A	1
Fahed, E	1
Ghauche, J	1
Rahme, R	1
Okais, N	1
Samaha, E	1
Nohra, G	1
Rizk, T	1
Maarrawi, J	1
Menassa-Moussa, L	1
Moussa, R	1
Wändell, P	1
Carlsson, AC	1
Holzmann, M	1
Ärnlöv, J	1
Johansson, SE	1
Sundquist, J	1
Sundquist, K	1
Cuisset, T	2
Frere, C	2
Quilici, J	2
Uhry, S	1
Alessi, MC	2
Bonnet, JL	2
Ivascu, FA	1
Howells, GA	1
Junn, FS	1
Bair, HA	1
Bendick, PJ	1
Janczyk, RJ	1
Qureshi, AI	2
Suri, MF	2
Boysen, G	1
Cayla, G	1
Poyet, R	1
Gaborit, B	1
Bali, L	1
Morange, PE	1
Serebruany, VL	3
Atar, D	1
Hassan, AE	1
Zacharatos, H	1
Vazquez, G	1
Rodriguez, GJ	1
Tummala, RP	1
Taylor, RA	1
Hart, RG	1
Bhala, N	1
Taggar, JS	1
Rajasekhar, P	1
Banerjee, A	1
Chimowitz, MI	1
Lynn, MJ	1
Derdeyn, CP	1
Turan, TN	1
Fiorella, D	1
Lane, BF	1
Janis, LS	1
Lutsep, HL	1
Barnwell, SL	1
Waters, MF	1
Hoh, BL	1
Hourihane, JM	1
Levy, EI	1
Alexandrov, AV	1
Harrigan, MR	1
Chiu, D	1
Klucznik, RP	1
Clark, JM	1
McDougall, CG	1
Johnson, MD	1
Pride, GL	1
Torbey, MT	1
Zaidat, OO	1
Rumboldt, Z	1
Cloft, HJ	1
Bonville, DJ	1
Ata, A	1
Jahraus, CB	1
Arnold-Lloyd, T	1
Salem, L	1
Rosati, C	1
Stain, SC	1
James, SK	1
Storey, RF	1
Khurmi, NS	1
Husted, S	1
Keltai, M	1
Mahaffey, KW	1
Maya, J	1
Morais, J	1
Lopes, RD	1
Nicolau, JC	1
Pais, P	1
Raev, D	1
Lopez-Sendon, JL	1
Stevens, SR	1
Becker, RC	1
Nishijima, DK	2
Offerman, SR	2
Ballard, DW	2
Vinson, DR	2
Chettipally, UK	2
Rauchwerger, AS	2
Reed, ME	2
Holmes, JF	2
Li, J	1
Moore, MM	1
Pasquale, MD	1
Badellino, M	1
Aradi, D	1
Komócsi, A	1
Vorobcsuk, A	1
Rasler, F	1
Cay, S	1
Yilmaz, MB	1
Korkmaz, S	1
Nitschmann, S	1
Hartung, HP	1
Siebler, M	1
Toyoda, K	1
Okada, Y	1
Ibayashi, S	1
Inoue, T	1
Yasumori, K	1
Fukui, D	1
Uwatoko, T	1
Makihara, N	1
Minematsu, K	1
Horn, W	1
Hoerauf, H	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
STREAM (Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction). Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of a Strategy of Early Fibrinolytic Treatment With Tenecteplase and Additional Antiplatelet and Antithrombin Therapy Followed by Catheterisation Within[NCT00623623]	Phase 3	1,899 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-01	Completed
STrategic Reperfusion in Elderly Patients Early After Myocardial Infarction[NCT02777580]	Phase 4	609 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-01	Active, not recruiting
Dapagliflozin Effects on Mayor Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (DAPA-AMI). Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04717986]		188 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-26	Completed
Reperfusion Strategies in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Network - Sao Paulo Registry.[NCT02090712]		3,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2010-01-31	Enrolling by invitation
International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries[NCT01218776]		36,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2010-09-28	Recruiting
Phase IV Study of Aspirin and Clopidogrel Therapy Tailored by Functional Thrombocyte Examination (PFA-100, LTA and VerifyNOW) in Acute Myocardial Infarction[NCT01381185]	Phase 4	154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity After Acute Myocardial Infarction BATTLE-AMI Study (B And T Types of Lymphocytes Evaluation in Acute Myocardial Infarction)[NCT02428374]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Recruiting
Intracranial Stenting in Non-acute Symptomatic Ischemic Stroke: an Open-label, Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT05063630]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Recruiting
Clinical Registration Trial of Intracranial Stenting for Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis:A Prospective Multi-center, Registry Trial[NCT01994161]		840 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2012-12-31	Recruiting
Wingspan One Year Vascular Imaging Events and Neurologic Outcomes (WOVEN)[NCT04221984]		129 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2019-11-12	Completed
Registry of Emergent Large veSsel oCclUsion duE to IntraCranial AtherosclerosiS[NCT05403593]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-12-15	Recruiting
Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Trial[NCT00059306]	Phase 3	3,020 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
Trial of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Acute Stroke and Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis - a Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Blinded End-point Study With High-resolution MR Vessel Wall Imaging[NCT05001984]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Recruiting
A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Maurora® Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus the Apollo Stent in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis(Maurora ICAS Trial)[NCT05719883]		156 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-20	Recruiting
Stenting vs. Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis[NCT00576693]	Phase 3	451 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST)[NCT00004732]		2,502 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-12-31	Completed
Drug Eluting Stenting and Aggressive Medical Treatment for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease Trial: a Prospective, Randomized, Open-labelled, Blinded End-point Trial (DREAM-PRIDE)[NCT04948749]		792 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-02	Recruiting
Comparison of Anti-coagulation and Anti-Platelet Therapies for Intracranial Vascular Atherostenosis- Magnetic Resonance Imaging[NCT05907629]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-12-30	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Early Administration of PCSK9 Inhibitor, Alirocumab to Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Associated With Atherosclerosis on the Stroke Prognosis and Lipid Profile, a Single Center Study, Registry Based, Pragmatic, Prospective Trial[NCT06083961]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-15	Not yet recruiting
China Angioplasty & Stenting for Symptomatic Intracranial Severe Stenosis (CASSISS): a New, Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized Controlled Trial in China[NCT01763320]	Phase 3	380 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-05	Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Phase 3, Efficacy and Safety Study of Ticagrelor Compared With Clopidogrel for Prevention of Vascular Events in Patients With Non-ST or ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) [PLATO- a Study of PLATelet Inh[NCT00391872]	Phase 3	18,624 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause death and non-fatal stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All Cause Death and Shock

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	50
Primary PCI (Group B)	43

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause death and shock within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All Cause Death and Shock and CHF

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	59
Primary PCI (Group B)	73

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause death and shock and CHF within 30 days was reported. (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All Cause Death and Shock and CHF and Reinfarction and Disabling Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	100
Primary PCI (Group B)	123

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause death and shock and CHF and reinfarction and disabling stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All Cause Death and Shock and Reinfarction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	117
Primary PCI (Group B)	135

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause death and shock and reinfarction within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All Cause Mortality

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	77
Primary PCI (Group B)	85

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with all cause mortality within 30 days was reported. (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With All-cause Mortality, Cardiogenic Shock, Congestive Heart Failure and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction Within 30 Days for FAS.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	43
Primary PCI (Group B)	42

The number of observed patients with all-cause mortality, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure (CHF) and recurrent myocardial infarction within 30 days was reported for full analysis set (FAS). (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Cardiac Mortality

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	116
Primary PCI (Group B)	135

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with cardiac mortality within 30 days was reported. (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	31
Primary PCI (Group B)	32

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with cardiogenic shock within 30 days was reported. (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	41
Primary PCI (Group B)	56

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) within 30 days was reported. (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Intracranial Haemorrhage

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	57
Primary PCI (Group B)	72

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with intracranial haemorrhage within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Ischaemic Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	9
Primary PCI (Group B)	2

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with ischaemic stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Major Non-intracranial Bleeds Including Blood Transfusions

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	6
Primary PCI (Group B)	3

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with major non-intracranial bleeds including blood transfusions within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Minor Non-intracranial Bleeds

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	61
Primary PCI (Group B)	45

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with minor non-intracranial bleeds within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Recurrent Myocardial Infarction (Reinfarction)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	206
Primary PCI (Group B)	191

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (reinfarction) within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Rehospitalisation for Cardiac Reasons

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	23
Primary PCI (Group B)	21

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with rehospitalisation for cardiac reasons within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Rehospitalisation for Non-cardiac Reasons

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	45
Primary PCI (Group B)	41

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with rehospitalisation for non-cardiac reasons within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Serious Repeat Target Vessel Revascularization

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	19
Primary PCI (Group B)	11

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with serious repeat target vessel revascularization within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Serious Resuscitated Ventricular Fibrillation

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	1
Primary PCI (Group B)	2

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with serious resuscitated ventricular fibrillation within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Serious Resuscitated Ventricular Fibrillation in Association With Invasive Procedures

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	32
Primary PCI (Group B)	38

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with serious resuscitated ventricular fibrillation in association with invasive procedures (occurring at any time during catheterisation or urgent/elective PCI) within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Total Disabling Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	10
Primary PCI (Group B)	29

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with total disabling stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Total Fatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	2
Primary PCI (Group B)	0

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with total fatal stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Total Non-disabling Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	7
Primary PCI (Group B)	4

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with total non-disabling stroke within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Total Non-intracranial Bleeds

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	8
Primary PCI (Group B)	1

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with total non-intracranial bleeds within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Number of Patients With Total Stroke (All Types)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	267
Primary PCI (Group B)	236

This is a key secondary endpoint. The number of observed patients with total stroke (all types) within 30 days was reported (NCT00623623)
Timeframe: 30 days

Any Stroke or Death Within 30 Days of Enrollment or Any Revascularization Procedure OR an Ischemic Stroke in the Territory of the Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Beyond 30 Days After Enrollment.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tenecteplase (Group A)	15
Primary PCI (Group B)	5

Any stroke (ischemic, parenchymal brain hemorrhage, subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage) or death within 30 days after enrollment OR any stroke (ischemic, parenchymal brain hemorrhage, subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage) or death within 30 days of any revascularization procedure of the qualifying symptomatic intracranial artery done during follow-up, OR an ischemic stroke in the territory of the symptomatic intracranial artery from day 31 after study entry to completion of follow-up. (NCT00576693)
Timeframe: Mean length of follow-up was 2.4 years

Any Periprocedural Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death During a 30-day Peri-procedural Period, and Postprocedural Ipsilateral Stroke Thereafter, up to 4-years.

Intervention	participants (Number)
Intensive Medical Management Plus Stenting	52
Intensive Medical Management Alone	34

The primary aim of CREST is to assess if the efficacy of CAS differs from that of CEA in preventing stroke, myocardial infarction and death during a 30-day peri-procedural period, or ipsilateral stroke over the follow-up period in patients with symptomatic (>=50%) or asymptomatic (>=60%) extracranial carotid stenosis. Four-year follow-up, proportions reflecting the absolute efficacy of carotid-artery stenting (CAS) over that of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were based on Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at the end of the 4 years. (NCT00004732)
Timeframe: 30 days and 4 years

Differential Efficacy of CAS and CEA in Male and Female Participants in the Primary Endpoint (Any Periprocedural Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death or Postprocedural Ipsilateral Stroke).

Intervention	Percentage (Mean)
Carotid-Artery Stenting	7.2
Carotid Endarterectomy	6.8

4-year follow-up, proportions reflecting the absolute efficacy of carotid-artery stenting (CAS) over that of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were based on Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at the end of the 4 years. (NCT00004732)
Timeframe: 4 years

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of All-cause Mortality, MI, and Stroke

Intervention	Percentage (Mean)
	Men	Women
Carotid Endarterectomy	6.8	6.7
Carotid-Artery Stenting	6.2	8.9

Participants with death from any cause, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal of consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI (Including Silent), Stroke, Recurrent Ischemia, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and Other Arterial Thrombotic Events.

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	901
CLOPIDOGREL	1065

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, stroke, recurrent ischemia, or other thrombotic events. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, MI, and Stroke for the Subgroup of Patients With Intent for Invasive Management at Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	1290
CLOPIDOGREL	1456

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT analysis of intent for invasive management population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Event From the Composite of Death From Vascular Causes, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	569
CLOPIDOGREL	668

Participants with death from vascular causes, MI, or stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. Intention To Treat (ITT) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Any Major Bleeding Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	864
CLOPIDOGREL	1014

Participants with major (fatal/life-threatening or other) bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	961
CLOPIDOGREL	929

Participants with a major CABG-related bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. All CABG surgeries were submitted for adjudication by an endpoint committee as potential bleeds. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Major Fatal/Life-threatening Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	619
CLOPIDOGREL	654

Number of participants with a major fatal/life-threatening CABG-related bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. All CABG surgeries were submitted for adjudication by an endpoint committee as potential bleeds. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Death From Any Cause

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	329
CLOPIDOGREL	341

Participants with death from any cause. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Death From Vascular Causes

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	399
CLOPIDOGREL	506

Participants with death from vascular causes. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Major or Minor Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	353
CLOPIDOGREL	442

Participants with major (fatal/life-threatening or other) or minor bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With MI Event

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	1339
CLOPIDOGREL	1215

Participants with MI event. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Non-CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) Related Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	504
CLOPIDOGREL	593

Participants with non CABG related major (fatal/life-threatening or other) bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Non-procedural Major Bleeding

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	362
CLOPIDOGREL	306

Participants with non-procedural major bleed by a study protocol scale based on need for treatment, number of transfusions, hemoglobin decrease, and other factors. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: First dosing up to 12 months

Participants With Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	235
CLOPIDOGREL	180

Participants with stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the earliest of patient withdrawal consent or date of scheduled withdrawal from therapy. ITT (intention to treat) analysis of whole population. Events were adjudicated by an endpoint committee. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 12 months

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24 Hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week at 1 Month Following Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	125
CLOPIDOGREL	106

Number of participants who were observed to have at least 1 ventricular pause of at least 3 seconds. Population is all patients who were observed over 2 week-long periods. Pauses were flagged algorithmically and confirmed by TIMI cardiologists. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: 1-week period following randomization

Participants With Ventricular Pauses of Greater Than or Equal to 3 Seconds in Patients Monitored by Holter 24-hour ECG Recorders for 1 Week Following Randomization

Intervention	Participants (Number)
TICAGRELOR	21
CLOPIDOGREL	16

Number of participants who were observed to have at least 1 ventricular pause of at least 3 seconds. Population is all patients who were observed over 2 week-long periods. Pauses were flagged algorithmically and confirmed by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) group cardiologists. (NCT00391872)
Timeframe: 1-week period following randomization

Article	Year
Balancing Benefits and Risks of Long-Term Antiplatelet Therapy in Noncardioembolic Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke. Stroke, 2021, Volume: 52, Issue:10 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Isc	2021
Novel oral anticoagulants and trauma: The results of a prospective American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Multi-Institutional Trial. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2017, Volume: 82, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Dabigatran; Female; Humans; Injury	2017
Platelet transfusion to reverse antiplatelet therapy before decompressive surgery in patients with intracranial haemorrhage. Vox sanguinis, 2017, Volume: 112, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clopidogrel; Decompression, Surgical; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; In	2017
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug choice and adverse outcomes in clopidogrel users: A retrospective cohort study. PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Brain Ischemia;	2018
Short-term bleeding events observed with clopidogrel loading in acute ischemic stroke patients. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Middle Aged; Plat	2013
Risk of hemorrhagic complication associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients on dual antiplatelet therapy. Journal of neurosurgery, 2013, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Intracranial An	2013
Early dual therapy for Chinese adults with TIA. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2013, Jul-03, Volume: 347 Topics: Aspirin; China; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Is	2013
Initial experiences with Multiplate® for rapid assessment of antiplatelet agent activity in neurosurgical emergencies. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2013, Volume: 115, Issue:10 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arachidonic Acid; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Embolization	2013
Repeat head computed tomography in anticoagulated traumatic brain injury patients: still warranted. The American surgeon, 2014, Volume: 80, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Injuries; Clopidogrel; Cohort Studies	2014
The roles and issues of P2Y12 percent inhibition assessed by VerifyNow assay for patients undergoing Neurointervention: a prospective study. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2014, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Middle Aged; Neur	2014
Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients using warfarin or clopidogrel. CJEM, 2014, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Anticoagulants; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Platelet Aggr	2014
The significance of platelet count in traumatic brain injury patients on antiplatelet therapy. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2014, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Brain Injuries; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Platelet	2014
Intracranial hemorrhage during dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2014, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Atrial Appendage; Atrial Fibrillation; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans	2014
Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and outcomes after ground-level falls in geriatric trauma patients taking preinjury anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. The American surgeon, 2014, Volume: 80, Issue:10 Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Int	2014
Preinjury warfarin, but not antiplatelet medications, increases mortality in elderly traumatic brain injury patients. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2015, Volume: 78, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Injuries; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; In	2015
Unfractionated heparin-clopidogrel combination in ST-elevation myocardial infarction not receiving reperfusion therapy. Atherosclerosis, 2015, Volume: 241, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enoxaparin; Europe; Female; Fibrinolyt	2015
A New Protocol for Anticoagulation With Tirofiban During Flow Diversion. Neurosurgery, 2016, Volume: 78, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clinical Protocols; Clopidogrel; Embolizati	2016
Antithrombotic Medication Use and Misuse Among Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage: A 16-Year, Lebanese, Single-Center Experience. World neurosurgery, 2016, Volume: 95 Topics: Acenocoumarol; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Cerebra	2016
Association between antithrombotic treatment and hemorrhagic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation-a cohort study in primary care. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017, Volume: 73, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Clopidogrel; Cohort Studies;	2017
Post-PCI fatal bleeding in aspirin and clopidogrel hyper responder: shifting from antiplatelet resistance to bleeding risk assessment? International journal of cardiology, 2010, Jan-21, Volume: 138, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Intra	2010
Predictors of mortality in trauma patients with intracranial hemorrhage on preinjury aspirin or clopidogrel. The Journal of trauma, 2008, Volume: 65, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Blood Coagulati	2008
Acute reversal of clopidogrel-related platelet inhibition using methyl prednisolone in a patient with intracranial hemorrhage. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:10 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhage	2008
ACTIVE A: balancing the benefits and risks of clopidogrel and aspirin. The Lancet. Neurology, 2009, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intracra	2009
Predictive value of post-treatment platelet reactivity for occurrence of post-discharge bleeding after non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Shifting from antiplatelet resistance to bleeding risk assessment? EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2009, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine Diphosphate; Aged; Arachidonic Acid; Aspirin; Biomarkers; Cell Ad	2009
The PLATO trial: do you believe in magic? European heart journal, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:7 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clopidogrel; Humans; Intrac	2010
Low risk of intracranial and systemic hemorrhages in patients on dual antiplatelet treatment beyond 1 month following neuroendovascular angioplasty and/or stent placement. Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Angioplasty; Aspirin; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Clopidogrel; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity;	2012
The unmet need of patients with atrial fibrillation: AVERROES and the novel oral anticoagulants. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Biphenyl Comp	2011
Impact of preinjury warfarin and antiplatelet agents on outcomes of trauma patients. Surgery, 2011, Volume: 150, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Child; Child, Preschool; Clopid	2011
Immediate and delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma and preinjury warfarin or clopidogrel use. Annals of emergency medicine, 2012, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Clopidogrel; Craniocerebral Trauma; Emergency Service, Hosp	2012
Validation of the dime. Annals of emergency medicine, 2012, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Anticoagulants; Clopidogrel; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male;	2012
Impact of age and anticoagulation: need for neurosurgical intervention in trauma patients with mild traumatic brain injury. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2012, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Injuries; Clopidogrel; Craniotomy; Decompressive C	2012
Delayed intracranial hemorrhage from mild head injury and warfarin use. Annals of emergency medicine, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Anticoagulants; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Platelet Aggr	2013
In reply. Annals of emergency medicine, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Anticoagulants; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Male; Platelet Aggr	2013
Intracranial bleeding associated with clopidogrel. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Antihypertensive Agents; Clopidogrel; Coronary Stenosis; Human	2005
[Cerebral secondary prevention--clopidogrel alone or in combination with ASS]. Der Internist, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemorrhage; Huma	2005
Antithrombotic therapy and predilection for cerebellar hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2007, Volume: 23, Issue:2-3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Arteriosclerosis; Aspirin; Blo	2007
[Intravitreal injections during anticoagulant treatment]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 2008, Volume: 225, Issue:3 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Bevacizumab; Cho	2008
Bleeding risks with prasugrel in the TRITON trial: good news ... bad news. Cardiology, 2008, Volume: 111, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hem	2008

Article	Year
Bleeding risk of antiplatelet drugs compared with oral anticoagulants in older patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Clopido	2017
Aspirin plus dipyridamole has the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) values in terms of mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and adverse event rate among 7 drug therapies in the treatment of cerebral infarction. Medicine, 2018, Volume: 97, Issue:13 Topics: Aspirin; Cerebral Infarction; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hema	2018
Efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in the elderly for stroke prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of neurology, 2018, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intracranial Hemorrhages;	2018
Closing the loop: a 21-year audit of strategies for preventing stroke and death following carotid endarterectomy. European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2013, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Angioscopy; Aspirin; Carotid Artery Diseases; Clinical Protocols; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combina	2013
Risk-benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 2013, Oct-01, Volume: 159, Issue:7 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human	2013
Reversing the effects of antiplatelet agents in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage: a look at the literature. Journal of intensive care medicine, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor VIIa; Humans; Intracranial	2015
Bleeding Risk with Long-Term Low-Dose Aspirin: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Databases, F	2016
Anticipating and managing bleeding complications in patients with coronary stents who are receiving dual antiplatelet treatment. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2011, Jul-21, Volume: 343 Topics: Blood Component Transfusion; Catheters, Indwelling; Clopidogrel; Coagulants; Coronary Artery Disease	2011
Impact of clopidogrel and potent P2Y 12 -inhibitors on mortality and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2013, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Aged; Clopidogrel; Coronary Thrombosis; Female; Humans; Intracra	2013

ticlopidine and Brain Hemorrhage