ticagrelor and Non-ST-Elevated-Myocardial-Infarction

In intermediate- and high-risk non-ST elevated acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients, a routine invasive approach is recommended. The timing of coronary angiography remains controversial. To assess whether an immediate (<3 hours) invasive treatment strategy would reduce infarct size and is safe, compared with an early strategy (12-24 hours), for patients admitted with NSTE-ACS while preferably treated with ticagrelor.. In this single-center, prospective, randomized trial an immediate or early invasive strategy was randomly assigned to patients with NSTE-ACS. At admission, the patients were preferably treated with a combination of aspirin, ticagrelor and fondaparinux. The primary endpoint was the infarct size as measured by area under the curve (AUC) of CK-MB in 48 hours. Secondary endpoints were bleeding outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE): composite of all-cause death, MI and unplanned revascularization. Interim analysis showed futility regarding the primary endpoint and trial inclusion was terminated.. In total 249 patients (71% of planned) were included. The primary endpoint of in-hospital infarct size was a median AUC of CK-MB 186.2 ng/mL in the immediate group (IQR 112-618) and 201.3 ng/mL in the early group (IQR 119-479). Clinical follow-up was 1-year. The MACE-rate was 10% in the immediate and 10% in the early group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% CI: 0.52-2.49).. In NSTE-ACS patients randomized to either an immediate or an early-invasive strategy the observed median difference in the primary endpoint was about half the magnitude of the expected difference. The trial was terminated early for futility after 71% of the projected enrollment had been randomized into the trial.

Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Early Termination of Clinical Trials; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Fondaparinux; Humans; Male; Medical Futility; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Ticagrelor; Time Factors

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Angina, Unstable; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Thrombosis; Early Medical Intervention; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Ticagrelor; Time Factors; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome

Although oral P2Y. The purpose of this study was to compare downstream and upstream oral P2Y. We performed a randomized, adaptive, open-label, multicenter clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pre-treatment with ticagrelor before angiography (upstream group) or no pre-treatment (downstream group). Patients in the downstream group undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were further randomized to receive ticagrelor or prasugrel. The primary hypothesis was the superiority of the downstream versus the upstream strategy on the combination of efficacy and safety events (net clinical benefit).. We randomized 1,449 patients to downstream or upstream oral P2Y. Downstream and upstream oral P2Y

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Coronary Angiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Ticagrelor

Current guidelines recommend intensified platelet inhibition by prasugrel or ticagrelor in patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE) myocardial infarction (MI).. This study sought to investigate the benefits and risks of ticagrelor as compared with prasugrel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) and planned invasive management.. This post hoc analysis combines the pre-specified subgroups of UA and NSTEMI of the randomized ISAR-REACT 5 trial. It included 1,179 patients assigned to ticagrelor and 1,186 assigned to prasugrel. Ticagrelor was started immediately after randomization and prasugrel after coronary angiography. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, MI, or stroke during 1-year follow-up, and the safety endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium class 3-5.. The primary endpoint was reached in 101 (8.7%) patients in the ticagrelor and in 73 (6.3%) patients in the prasugrel group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 1.90). The HR for all-cause death was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.93 to 2.21) and that for MI 1.43 (95% CI: 0.94 to 2.19). The safety endpoint occurred in 49 (5.2%) patients in the ticagrelor and in 41 (4.7%) patients in the prasugrel group (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.65). Landmark analysis revealed persistence of the efficacy advantage with prasugrel after the first month.. In patients with NSTE-ACS, we found that prasugrel was superior to ticagrelor in reducing the combined 1-year risk of death, MI, and stroke without increasing the risk of bleeding. Due to the post hoc nature of the analysis, these findings need confirmation by further studies. (Prospective, Randomized Trial of Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome; NCT01944800).

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Coronary Angiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Ticagrelor

The optimal anti-coagulation strategy for patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention is unclear in contemporary clinical practice of radial access and potent P2Y12-inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bivalirudin was superior to heparin monotherapy in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction without routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use.. In a large pre-specified subgroup of the multicentre, prospective, randomised, registry-based, open-label clinical VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial we randomised patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel, to bivalirudin or heparin monotherapy with no planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary endpoint was the rate of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding within 180 days.. Bivalirudin as compared to heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction did not reduce the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients receiving current recommended treatments with modern P2Y12-inhibitors and predominantly radial access.

Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Female; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Hirudins; Humans; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Peptide Fragments; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Recombinant Proteins; Stents; Sweden; Thrombosis; Ticagrelor

Currently available data indicate that reduction of ticagrelor maintenance dose (MD) 1-3 years after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) not only provides sufficient platelet inhibition but also can improve ticagrelor's safety profile. The aim of this study was to compare the antiplatelet effect of reduced and standard ticagrelor MD in stable patients beginning 1 month after AMI.. In a single-centre, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial, on Day 30 following AMI, 52 patients (26 in each study arm) were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either reduced (60 mg b.i.d) or standard (90 mg b.i.d) ticagrelor MD for the following 2 weeks. On Day 45 after AMI the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor was evaluated with the VASP assay and Multiplate, and there were no significant differences in platelet inhibition between patients on reduced vs. standard MD [VASP: 10.4 (5.6-22.2) vs. 14.1 (9.4-22.1) platelet reactivity index; P = 0.30; Multiplate: 30.0 (24.0-39.0) vs. 26.5 (22.0-35.0) U; P = 0.26]. Likewise, no differences were found regarding the prevalence of on-ticagrelor high platelet reactivity between patients on ticagrelor 60 mg b.i.d vs. 90 mg b.i.d (VASP: 4% vs. 8%; P = 0.67; Multiplate: 15% vs. 8%; P = 0.54). Administration of reduced MD resulted in proportionally lower plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and its active metabolite on Day 45 after AMI.. These results suggest that lowering ticagrelor MD 1 month after AMI confers an adequate antiplatelet effect that is comparable to the standard dose. The tested strategy warrants further research to assess its clinical efficacy and safety.. NCT03251859.

Topics: Aged; Blood Platelets; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Poland; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

Ticagrelor is an intriguing antiplatelet agent with a potentially beneficial impact on endothelial dysfunction and confers a mortality benefit beyond 1 month after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, little data exist on whether ticagrelor improves endothelial dysfunction in stable patients who survive the acute period and receive guideline-directed medical therapy.. This study is a prospective, randomized, parallel, open-labeled study that enrolled 30-day survivors of non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Forty patients with NSTE-ACS were randomly assigned to ticagrelor or clopidogrel groups. The primary end point was the change in the percentage brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (baFMD) from baseline. Baseline characteristics were not different between the 2 groups. The median time from the stent implantation to screening was 269 days. After 30 days of study medication administration, the change in the percentage baFMD value was similar between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups (-0.08 [1.42] vs 0.30 [1.69],. This dual time point baFMD study demonstrated that treatment with ticagrelor was not superior to clopidogrel for improving endothelial dysfunction in stabilized patients with NSTE-ACS.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Blood Platelets; Brachial Artery; Clopidogrel; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; Republic of Korea; Ticagrelor; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilation

Topics: Aged; Clopidogrel; Electrocardiography; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prognosis; Single-Blind Method; Ticagrelor; Vasodilation

This study compared adenosine-associated pleiotropic effects of the 2 P2Y. Both ticagrelor and prasugrel have potent antiplatelet effects. However, only ticagrelor inhibits cellular uptake of adenosine.. Using a randomized, crossover design with 10-week follow-up ticagrelor or prasugrel was administered to type 2 diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome requiring stent implantation. A total of 62 patients underwent randomization in a 1:1 ratio to receive ticagrelor or prasugrel for 5 weeks followed by a direct cross over to the alternative treatment for 5 additional weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, inflammatory markers, and number of circulating EPCs were compared.. Improvement in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was greater in the ticagrelor group (0.15 ± 0.19 mm vs. -0.03 ± 0.18 mm; p < 0.001). Moreover, ticagrelor compared with prasugrel decreased interleukin 6 (-0.58 ± 0.43 pg/ml vs. -0.05 ± 0.24 pg/ml; p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha (-5.62 ± 4.40 pg/ml vs. -0.42 ± 2.64 pg/ml; p < 0.001), and increased adiponectin (2.31 ± 2.00 μg/ml vs. 0.08 ± 1.50 μg/ml; p < 0.001) during 10-week follow-up. Other inflammatory cytokines like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were decreased in both groups. Ticagrelor compared with prasugrel significantly increased absolute numbers of circulating EPCs CD34+/KDR+ (42.5 ± 37.8 per μl vs. -28.2 ± 23.7 per μl; p < 0.001), CD34+/CD117+ (51.9 ± 77.2 per μl vs. -66.3 ± 45.2 per μl; p < 0.001), and CD34+/CD133+ (55.2 ± 69.2 per μl vs. -28.0 ± 34.1 per μl; p < 0.001).. Compared with prasugrel, ticagrelor significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and increased circulating EPCs, contributing to improved arterial endothelial function in diabetic non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients. Thus, data support that pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor beyond its potent antiplatelet effects could contribute to additional clinical benefits. (Comparison of Ticagrelor vs. Prasugrel on Inflammation, Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Function, and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome [NSTE-ACS] Requiring Coronary Stenting; NCT02487732).

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Brachial Artery; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Seoul; Stents; Ticagrelor; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilation

The pharmacokinetics after a 180-mg loading dose (LD) of ticagrelor has not been thoroughly investigated in NSTEMI patients. We aimed to compare the ticagrelor uptake and on-treatment platelet reactivity between non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients and a control group of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. We performed an observational, prospective, single-center study including 40 NSTEMI patients and 20 SCAD controls. Key exclusion criteria included ongoing opioid treatment. Both groups received a 180-mg ticagrelor LD, and blood samples were taken pre-dose and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours post-LD. Plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and its active metabolite AR-C124910XX were determined by validated methods. Platelet aggregation was tested using ADP-induced multiple electrode aggregometry. The primary endpoint was the time to maximal ticagrelor concentration (T

Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Aged; Biotransformation; Blood Platelets; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Sweden; Ticagrelor

We assessed the impact on periprocedural myocardial injury of a ticagrelor loading dose given <6 or >6 hours before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients at high risk. All consecutive patients pretreated with ticagrelor and undergoing PCI for a high-risk NSTEMI have been included in the present analysis. Propensity-score matching was performed to compare the outcomes between patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours or ≤6 hours. The primary outcome was the rate of periprocedural myocardial injury after PCI. We also recorded clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleedings at 1 month. A total of 1216 patients with NSTEMI were deemed eligible for the study: 481 received a ticagrelor loading dose ≤6 hours (mean time, 4.3 ± 1.2 h) and 735 >6 hours (16.1 ± 8.4 hours) before PCI. Patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours presented more risk factors and comorbidities compared to others. In patients pretreated with ticagrelor for >6 hours, the rate of periprocedural myocardial injury was significantly lower compared to the other group, in the overall population (19.6% vs 37.8%; P < .0001) and in the matched cohort of 644 patients (18.9% vs 33.5%; P < .0001). The rate of major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding events did not differ between the two groups, in both unmatched and matched populations. The present study suggests that ticagrelor pretreatment reduces periprocedural myocardial injury in high-risk patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI with expected time intervals >6 hours.

Topics: Hemorrhage; Humans; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

Introduction: In patients who have survived myocardial infarction, platelet aggregation inhibitor (TAG) treatment plays an important role in preventing recurrent ischemic events. Objective: to investigate the proportion of patients who received aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor during the hospitalization and the proportion of patients who continued taking the recommended therapy during follow-up. All patients treated for myocardial infarction who had a medical ID number were included in the study. Results: 16 273 patients had ST-elevation (STEMI) and 20 305 patients had non-ST-elevation (NSTEMI) infarction. 80% of patients were hypertensive. Diabetes mellitus (35%) and impaired renal function (30%) were demonstrated in one in three patients. The TAG treatment recommendation was analysed in 36 578 patients who left the hospital. Clopidogrel 12.7%, prasugrel 4.3%, ticagrelor, 93.9%, 77.7%, 8.3% and 3.2% were found in the NSTEMI group. For medicines available under special conditions (prasugrel, ticagrelor), there were significant differences between cen­tres: the proposal varied between 1.2–4.3% for prasugrel and 0.3–10.8% for ticagrelor. Drug switching events were monitored using the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund database. Pharmacovigilance data were available for 29 405 patients. We considered the longest period in the adherence study, and the grace period was 2 months. Adherence durations were processed using a standard survival analysis toolkit (Kaplan–Meier method). At 1 year after the first switch, 76.1%, 78.3%, and 80.9% of the patients in clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor were adherents to the recommended treatment. Conclusion: The frequency of use of certain antiplatelet drugs varies significantly across different intervention centres. More than three-quarters of the patients are adherent to treatment 1 year after starting treatment.. Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Szívinfarktust túlélt betegeknél a thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló (TAG-) kezelésnek fontos szerepe van az újabb ischaemiás események megelőzése szempontjából. Célkitűzés: Annak vizsgálata, hogy a kórházi távozás idején a betegek milyen arányban részesültek clopidogrel-, prasugrel- és ticagrelorkezelésben, és az utánkövetés ideje alatt milyen arányban folytatták a javasolt terápiát. Módszer: A Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter adatbázisában 2018. 01. 01. és 2020. 12. 31. között 39 308 olyan, infarktus miatt kezelt beteget tartottunk nyilván, aki egészségügyi azonosító számmal rendelkezett, és szívkatéteres centrumban kapott ellátást. Eredmények: 16 273 betegnél ST-elevációval (STEMI), 20 305 betegnél ST-elevációval nem járó (NSTEMI) infarktus volt. A betegek 80%-a hypertoniás volt, minden harmadik betegnél diabetes mellitus (35%), illetve csökkent vesefunkció (30%) igazolódott. A kórházból távozó betegek 36 578 infarktusos eseményénél elemeztük a távozáskor adott TAG-kezelési javaslatot. A STEMI-betegek 96,2%-a aszpirin-, 78,3%-a clopidogrel-, 12,7%-a prasugrel- és 4,3%-a ticagrelorkezelési javaslatot kapott. Az NSTEMI-betegcsoportban 93,9%, 77,7%, 8,3%, 3,2% értékeket találtuk. A speciális feltételek esetén rendelhető gyógyszerek (prasugrel, ticagrelor) esetén az egyes centrumok között jelentős különbségek voltak: a javaslat a prasugrel esetén 1,2–24,3%, a ticagrelor esetén 0,3–10,8% között változott. A Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő (NEAK) adatbázisának felhasználásával követtük a gyógyszerkiváltási eseményeket. A gyógyszertámogatási adatok 29 405 betegnél álltak rendelkezésre. Az adherencia vizsgálatakor a leghosszabb időszakot vettük figyelembe, és a türelmi idő 2 hónap volt. Az adherencia-időtartamokat standard túléléselemzési eszköztárral (Kaplan–Meier-féle eljárás) dolgoztuk fel. Az első gyógyszerkiváltást követő 1 évnél a clopidogrel, a prasugrel és a ticagrelor esetében a betegek 76,1%-a, 78,3%-a és 80,9%-a adherens volt a javasolt kezeléshez. Következtetés: Bizonyos TAG-gyógyszerek alkalmazásának gyakorisága jelentősen eltér a különböző intervenciós centrumokban. 1 évvel a kezelés megkezdése után a betegek több mint háromnegyede adherens a kezeléshez. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(19): 743–749.

Topics: Clopidogrel; Humans; Hungary; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor

Aim    To study specific features of administering platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors to patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in real-life clinical practice; to reveal a possible inconsistency of the therapy with clinical guidelines; to evaluate the patients' compliance with the medication at the outpatient stage; and to outline major direction for improving quality of the antiplatelet treatment.Material and methods    REGION-MI is a multicenter prospective, observational study. The observational period is divided into 3 stages: during the stay in the hospital and at 3 and 12 months following the inclusion into the registry. Information about the drug therapy (used at the time of hospitalization, administered before the hospitalization, received in the hospital, and prescribed at discharge from the hospital) was recorded in the patient's individual registration card. Information about the antiplatelet treatment at 6 months following enrollment into the study was obtain by phone.Results    The study included 4 553 patients. Dual antiplatelet therapy was administered after MI to 94.4 % patients: clopidogrel was administered to 52 %, ticagrelor to 42.2 %, and prasugrel to 11 patients (0.2 %). Ticagrelor was administered significantly more frequently in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than in NSTEMI, 45 % and 33 %, respectively (p<0.001); clopidogrel was also administered more frequently to patients with STEMI than with NSTEMI, 59 % and 50 %, respectively. According to ARC-HBR criteria, in MI and a high risk of bleeding, clopidogrel was administered more frequently than ticagrelor (p <0.001). Ticagrelor was significantly more frequently administered to patients with MI and a low risk of bleeding than to patients with a high risk (p<0.001). In STEMI and a low risk of bleeding, ticagrelor was administered somewhat more frequently than clopidogrel, 56 % and 44 %, respectively (р<0.05). In NSTEMI and a low risk of bleeding, clopidogrel was administered more frequently than ticagrelor, 53 % and 47 %, respectively (p<0.05). At 6 months post-MI, 94 % of patients continued taking one of the P2Y12 inhibitors.Conclusion    According to data of the REGION-MI registry, the frequency of administering P2Y12 inhibitors to patients with acute MI was high, and the patients' compliance with this therapy was high at 6 months following MI. Although ticagrelor (the most available drug of all powerful platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors) has be

Topics: Anticoagulants; Clopidogrel; Hemorrhage; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and bleeding risks following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are not well defined in individuals with heart failure (HF). We followed 1,145 individuals in the Pharmacogenomic Resource to improve Medication Effectiveness Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy cohort for MACE and bleeding events following PCI for ACS. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to compare MACE and bleeding in those with versus without HF, adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and medications. We also determined predictors of MACE and bleeding events in both groups. 370 (32%) individuals did and 775 (68%) did not have HF prior to PCI. Mean age was 61.7 ± 12.2 years, 31% were female, and 24% were African American. After a median follow-up of 0.78 years, individuals with HF had higher rates of MACE compared to those without HF (48 vs. 24 events per 100 person years) which remained significant after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00 to 1.72). Similarly, bleeding was higher in those with versus without HF (22 vs. 11 events per 100 person years), although this was no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.93). Diabetes and peripheral vascular disease were predictors of MACE, and end-stage renal disease was a predictor of bleeding among participants with HF. MACE risk is higher in individuals with versus without HF following PCI for ACS. However, the risk of bleeding, especially among those with end-stage renal disease , must be considered when determining post-PCI anticoagulant strategies.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Case-Control Studies; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Female; Heart Failure; Hemorrhage; Hospitalization; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Ischemic Stroke; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Multivariate Analysis; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Stroke Volume; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

The clinical efficacy of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel has not been replicated in East Asian populations. The pronounced bleeding risk with ticagrelor was of concern given the increased bleeding tendency in Asian populations. This study evaluated efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in the entire Taiwan. We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify 6203 patients aged ≥ 20 years with NSTEMI hospitalization and prescription of dual antiplatelets at discharge between January 2014 and December 2014. Cohorts of ticagrelor and clopidogrel were matched 1:1 based on propensity score matching to balance baseline covariates. The primary composite efficacy endpoints included death from any cause, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. The secondary efficacy endpoints were the individual components. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding requiring hospitalization. The incidence of primary efficacy endpoint was 20.3% in the ticagrelor users and 20.7% in the clopidogrel users (adjusted HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.73-1.22), with the median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up period of 5.2 (2.3-8.5) months. The incidence of primary safety endpoint was 2.3% in the ticagrelor users and 3.2% in the clopidogrel users (adjusted HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.33-1.35). Regarding the secondary efficacy endpoint, patients treated with ticagrelor had significantly lower incidence of stroke (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.21-0.94; p = 0.033). In this nationwide Taiwanese cohort of NSTEMI, treatment with ticagrelor after discharge, as compared to clopidogrel, had similar rates of ischemic composite events and major bleeding. Nevertheless, the median follow-up time was only 5.2 months, and the reduced stroke events with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel needs further verification.

Topics: Aged; Clopidogrel; Endpoint Determination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Propensity Score; Taiwan; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

This study aims to determine frequency and reasons for prematurely discontinuing or switching antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients admitted with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).. Patients of 75 years or older admitted with suspected NSTE-ACS were included between 2013 and 2016. Information was extracted from the patients' medical files.. A total of 544 patients were included, 17.3% discontinued aspirin within one year, predominantly (57%) within 30 days. The most common reason was the start of a (non-vitamin-K) oral anticoagulant [(N)OAC], either combined with a P2Y12-inhibitor (43%) or as monotherapy (16%). The P2Y12-inhibitor was discontinued in 31.2% of patients within one year, of which 46% within 30 days. The most common reason was undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; 22%). Switching of clopidogrel seldom occurred; however, ticagrelor was switched in 50/179 patients mainly due to dyspnoea (42%). Independent predictors for prematurely discontinuing antiplatelet therapy were undergoing CABG [odds ratio (OR) 3.257 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.836-5.779)], need for (N)OAC [OR 2.167 (95% CI 1.423-3.300)] and type II ACS as final diagnosis [OR 3.793 (95% CI 1.721-8.361)]. Undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention [OR 0.393 (95% CI 0.243-0.634)] and use of clopidogrel [OR 0.441(95% CI 0.293-0.662)] were independent predictors of continuing antiplatelet therapy.. In elderly patients of at least 75 years with NSTE-ACS, antiplatelet therapy is frequently discontinued prematurely, most often within 30 days. Main reasons for discontinuing are need for (N)OAC, undergoing CABG or type II ACS as final diagnosis and suffering from dyspnoea while on ticagrelor.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Bypass; Deprescriptions; Drug Substitution; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Dyspnea; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Male; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Odds Ratio; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Ticagrelor

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Cause of Death; Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic; Clopidogrel; Hemorrhage; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

The pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) study of ticagrelor loading dose (LD) in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without opioid administration has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplatelet effects and the PK parameters of ticagrelor in Chinese patients with ACS without opioid administration.. A sample size of 30 eligible patients with ACS were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained predose and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after 180 mg LD of ticagrelor. P2Y. In total, 15 patients were admitted to ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) groups, respectively. For patients with NSTEMI, PRU declined significantly during the first 4 h and maintained a relatively stable antiplatelet effect from 4 to 12 h after LD. A similar trend was found in the STEMI group without significant differences of PRU in each designed time compared with patients with NSTEMI (P > 0.05). T. For Chinese patients with ACS, at least 4 h was needed to achieve an adequate antiplatelet effect for ticagrelor LD. There were no differences in PK or PD between Chinese patients with STEMI and NSTEMI.. ChiCTR1800014764.

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; China; Humans; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor

To describe from a noninterventional registry (Utilization of Ticagrelor in the Upstream Setting for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome), the short-term ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI) are managed with a loading dose (LD) of a P2Y12 inhibitor (P2Y12i) given at least 4 hours before diagnostic angiography and delineation of coronary anatomy. Prior data on the effects of such "upstream loading" have been inconsistent.. In 53 US hospitals, we evaluated the in-hospital care and outcomes of patients with confirmed non-ST elevation MI managed with an interventional strategy and loaded upstream (at least 4 h before diagnostic angiography) with oral P2Y12i therapy. Patients entered into the database were grouped into 1 of 4 cohorts for analysis: (1) overall cohort, (2) thienopyridine (clopidogrel or prasugrel) load, (3) ticagrelor load, and (4) ticagrelor-consistent. The fourth cohort is a subset of cohort 3 that received ticagrelor throughout the index hospital stay and at discharge. We evaluated in-hospital clinical course and ischemic and bleeding outcomes in all patients and also 30-day outcomes in the ticagrelor-consistent cohort.. A total of 3355 patients were enrolled, of whom 1087 had 30-day follow-up. The mean (±SD) age was 63.3 ± 12.5 years, and 62.6% were male. Thrombolysis in MI and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events scores placed these patients in the intermediate risk range, and CRUSADE scores were in the moderate risk range. The LD in Utilization of Ticagrelor in the Upstream Setting for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome was clopidogrel in 45.6%, ticagrelor in 53.6%, and prasugrel in 0.8%. The median upstream interval (LD to angiography) was 17:27 hours and did not change appreciably over the course of the data collection period (2/15-10/19). Access was radial in 48.6% and femoral in 51.4%. Postangiography management was medical only in 32.3%, percutaneous coronary intervention in 59.4%, and coronary artery bypass grafting in 8.3%. Median length of stay was 2.7 days, and median time from angiography to coronary artery bypass grafting was 3.6 days. In-hospital mortality was 0.51%, and major bleeding (thrombolysis in MI) was 0.24%; the in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events rate was 0.7%, and stent thrombosis occurred in 0.18%. No significant differences were seen between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel cohorts in hospital, but 16% received more than 1 P2Y12i in-hospital. On follow-up (93.2% response), 86.7% of patients reported taking ticagrelor as directed.. Upstream loading of P2Y12i was associated with very low rates of bleeding and short length of stay in a large cohort of non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) patients managed invasively.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Clopidogrel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Humans; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Ticagrelor

The benefits of short versus long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) based on the third generation P2Y12 antagonists prasugrel or ticagrelor, in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention remain to be clearly defined due to current evidences limited to patients treated with clopidogrel.. All acute coronary syndrome patients from the REgistry of New Antiplatelets in patients with Myocardial Infarction (RENAMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with aspirin, prasugrel or ticagrelor were stratified according to DAPT duration, that is, shorter than 12 months (D1 group), 12 months (D2 group) and longer than 12 months (D3 group). The three groups were compared before and after propensity score matching. Net adverse clinical events (NACEs), defined as a combination of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and major bleedings (including therefore all cause death, myocardial infarction and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3-5 bleeding), were the primary end points, MACEs (a composite of all cause death and myocardial infarction) the secondary one. Single components of NACEs were co-secondary end points, along with BARC 2-5 bleeding, cardiovascular death and stent thrombosis.. A total of 4424 patients from the RENAMI registry with available data on DAPT duration were included in the model. After propensity score matching, 628 patients from each group were selected. After 20 months of follow up, DAPT for 12 months and DAPT for longer than 12 months significantly reduced the risk of NACE (D1 11.6%. In unselected real world acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, DAPT with prasugrel or ticagrelor prolonged beyond 12 months markedly reduces fatal and non-fatal ischaemic events, offsetting the increased risk deriving from the higher bleeding risk. On the contrary, patients >75 years old and female ones showed a less favourable risk-benefit ratio for longer DAPT due to excess of bleedings.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aspirin; Drug Administration Schedule; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Europe; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Recurrence; Registries; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Stents; Ticagrelor; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Potent P2Y12 blockers are preferred in patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the risk of bleeding remains a major concern. We assessed the association of potent P2Y12 blockers with ischemic and bleeding outcomes in patients with NSTEMI.. From the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health database, 4927 patients with NSTEMI receiving drug-eluting stents (DES) were divided into potent P2Y12 blocker (ticagrelor or prasugrel, n=901) and clopidogrel (n=3180) groups. Propensity-matched 12-month ischemic and bleeding events were compared. Patients who received anticoagulants or who discontinued P2Y12 blockers or switched between potent P2Y12 blockers and clopidogrel were excluded.. In the overall population, patients at higher ischemic and bleeding risks more often received clopidogrel. After propensity matching (n=901 in each group), 12-month rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were lower (7.3% vs. 10.1%, p=0.038), but Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major or minor bleeding rates were higher (5.9% vs. 2.2%, p<0.001) with potent P2Y12 blockers. Twelve-month rates of death from any cause, MI, stroke, or TIMI major bleeding were not different. On multivariate analysis, 12-month risk of TIMI major or minor bleeding was higher with B2 or C lesion, potent P2Y12 blocker use, body weight <60kg, and lower with time to PCI <12h and radial artery access.. In patients with NSTEMI receiving DES, potent P2Y12 blockers were associated with reduced ischemic but increased bleeding risk with similar net clinical benefits.

Topics: Aged; Clopidogrel; Drug-Eluting Stents; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Propensity Score; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Registries; Republic of Korea; Stroke; Ticagrelor

Ticagrelor induces more potent platelet reactivity (PR) inhibition with reduced interindividual variability compared to clopidogrel. Although on-clopidogrel PR was shown to correlate with ischemia and bleeding events, no study has investigated the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR and outcome.. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR, assessed by the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein index (VASP), and thrombotic and bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).. We performed a prospective, multicenter observational study on patients treated with PCI for ACS. The VASP index was used to assess PR after ticagrelor loading dose (LD). The primary endpoint was the link between major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and PR.. Among the 530 patients with ACS included, 183 (34.5%) were admitted for ST elevation myocardial infarction. We observed high potency and limited interindividual variability after the ticagrelor LD (VASP 19.1% ± 16.6%). At 1 month, 21 (3.8%) MACE and 29 (5.5%) bleedings ≥ 2 according to the Bleedings Academic Research Consortium (BARC) scale were recorded. Neither MACE nor bleeding was associated with PR (P = .34 and P = .78, respectively). However, there was a strong association between PR and the occurrence of definite acute stent thrombosis (P = .03). Platelet reactivity was the only factor associated with acute definite stent thrombosis.. In patients receiving a ticagrelor LD while undergoing PCI for ACS, PR using the VASP did not predict MACE or bleeding, but it was significantly associated with the occurrence of definite acute stent thrombosis.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Coronary Thrombosis; Female; France; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Microfilament Proteins; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Phosphoproteins; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Stents; Ticagrelor; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Data from available studies suggest that the presence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be associated with delayed and attenuated ticagrelor bioavailability and effect compared with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).. In a single-center, prospective, observational trial 73 patients with myocardial infarction (STEMI n = 49, NSTEMI n = 24) underwent a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment after a 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose (LD). Ticagrelor and its active metabolite (AR-C124910XX) plasma concentrations were determined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and their antiplatelet effect was measured with the VASP assay and multiple electrode aggregometry.. During the first six hours after ticagrelor LD, STEMI patients had 38% and 34% lower plasma concentration of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX, respectively, than NSTEMI (ticagrelor AUC(0-6): 2491 [344-5587] vs. 3991 [1406-9284] ng*h/mL; p = 0.038; AR-C124910XX AUC(0-6): 473 [0-924] vs. 712 [346-1616] ng*h/mL; p = 0.027). STEMI patients also required more time to achieve maximal concentration of ticagrelor (tmax: 4.0 [3.0-12.0] vs. 2.5 [2.0-6.0] h; p = 0.012). Impaired bioavailability of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX seen in STEMI subjects was associated with diminished platelet inhibition in this group, which was most pronounced during the initial hours of treatment.. Plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX during the first hours after ticagrelor LD were one third lower in STEMI than in NSTEMI patients. This reduced and delayed ticagrelor bioavailability was associated with weaker antiplatelet effect in STEMI.. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02602444 (November 09, 2015).

Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Platelets; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor

With this study, we sought to identify patient characteristics associated with clopidogrel prescription and its relationship with in-hospital adverse events in an unselected cohort of ACSs patients.. We studied all consecutive patients admitted at our institution for ACSs from 2012 to 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on clopidogrel or novel P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor) prescription and the relationship between clopidogrel use and patient clinical characteristics and in-hospital adverse events was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.. The population median age was 68 years (57-77 year) and clopidogrel was prescribed in 230 patients (46%). Patients characteristics associated with clopidogrel prescription were older age, female sex, non-ST-elevation ACS diagnosis, the presence of diabetes mellitus and anemia, worse renal and left ventricular functions and a higher Killip class. Patients on clopidogrel demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (4.8%) than prasugrel and ticagrelor-treated patients (0.4%), while a nonstatistically significant trend emerged considering bleeding events. However, on multivariable logistic regression analysis female sex, the presence of anemia and Killip class were the only variables independently associated with in-hospital death.. Patients treated with clopidogrel showed a higher in-hospital mortality. However, clinical variables associated with its use identify a population at high risk for adverse events and this seems to play a major role for the higher in-hospital mortality observed in clopidogrel-treated patients.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chi-Square Distribution; Clopidogrel; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Hemorrhage; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Italy; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Patient Selection; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Risk Factors; Ticagrelor; Ticlopidine; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Retrospective Studies; Ticagrelor; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bradyarrhythmic events associated with ticagrelor combination therapy in the management of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).. The study comprised 300 patients with NSTEMI who were treated via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the clopidogrel group (initial dose of 300 mg and then maintenance dose of 75 mg once daily, n = 151) and the ticagrelor group (initial dose of 180 mg and then maintenance dose of 90 mg twice daily, n = 149). All patients were followed up in the outpatient clinic. Follow-up included 12-lead electrocardiography and 24-h Holter monitoring performed 1, 6, and 12 months after the revascularization procedure.. Of the 300 patients, 112 patients (36.7 %) had a decrease in heart rate at the 12-month follow-up. Of these, 80 patients were in the ticagrelor group (53.3 %) vs. 32 patients in the clopidogrel group (24.7 %; p < 0.05). However, the difference was not statistically significant at the 1-month and 6-month follow-up visits. After adjusting for potential confounders, the reduction in heart rate with ticagrelor combination therapy remained independently associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95 % CI, 1.90-2.23), while ticagrelor therapy reduced the risk to a level equivalent to that of patients in the clopidogrel group.. Ticagrelor can lower the resting heart rate of patients and cause bradyarrhythmias in the 12th month after PCI.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Bradycardia; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Electrocardiography; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Prevalence; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Ticagrelor; Ticlopidine; Treatment Outcome

Contemporary use of dual antiplatelet therapy and consistency with guideline recommendations in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been well characterized.. The COAPT was a prospective, observational, multicenter, longitudinal study of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing PCI. Baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, processes of care, factors associated with switching to and from novel adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors (ADPris), and in-hospital outcomes are described.. Among 2,179 MI patients undergoing PCI during their index hospitalization, 1,328 (60.9%) had ST elevation. Initial ADPri use included clopidogrel in 1,812 (83.2%), prasugrel in 125 (5.7%), and ticagrelor in 242 (11.1%). At discharge, 1,597 patients (73.4%) were prescribed clopidogrel, 220 (10.1%) prasugrel, and 358 (16.5%) ticagrelor. Switching between ADPri therapies during the index hospitalization occurred in 15.3%, 22.4%, and 25.2% of patients initially started on clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, respectively. Most switches over the 15-month study period occurred during the index admission (16.8% of patients vs 4.4% switches postdischarge). Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 7.5% of patients during the index hospitalization. In-hospital bleeding events occurred in 6.0% of patients and most were mild.. Despite randomized trial evidence and guideline recommendations, only a minority of Canadian MI patients undergoing PCI initially received or were discharged on one of the newer ADPri agents. These findings suggest an opportunity to improve upon the appropriate selection of the ADPris at index hospitalization and discharge in Canadian MI patients undergoing PCI.

Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Clopidogrel; Drug Substitution; Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Hemorrhage; Hospitalization; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Prospective Studies; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Ticagrelor; Ticlopidine; Young Adult