thymosin and Acute-Disease

The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl

Topics: Acute Disease; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carbon Tetrachloride; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thymosin; Transcription Factor RelA; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a 5K actin binding peptide. Tβ4 improves neurological outcome in a rat model of embolic stroke and research is now focused on optimizing its dose for clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to perform a dose-response study of Tβ4 to determine the optimal dose of neurological improvement in a rat model of embolic stroke.. Male Wistar rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals/group: control, 2, 12 and 18 mg/kg. Tβ4 was administered intraperitoneally 24h after MCAo and then every 3 days for 4 additional doses in a randomized controlled fashion. Neurological tests were performed after MCAo and before treatment and up to 8 weeks after treatment. The rats were sacrificed 56 days after MCAo and lesion volumes measured. Generalized estimating equation was used to compare the treatment effect on long term functional recovery at day 56. A quartic regression model was used for an optimal dose determination.. Tβ4 significantly improved neurological outcome at dose of 2 and 12 mg/kg at day 14 and extended to day 56 (p-values <0.05). The higher dose of 18 mg/kg did not show significant improvement. The estimated optimal dose of 3.75 mg/kg would provide optimal neurological improvement.. This study shown that Tβ4 significantly improved the long term neurological functional recovery at day 56 after MCAo with an optimal dose of 3.75 mg/kg. These results provide preclinical data for human clinical trials.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Animals; Brain; Bromodeoxyuridine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Myelin Basic Protein; Neuroimaging; Neurologic Examination; Rats; Stroke; Thymosin; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Versicans

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thymosin alpha 1 (TA1) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.. Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, SAP group, and two TA1 treated groups. SAP was induced by injection of 5% sterile sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct (BPD), after which TA1 was given subcutaneously at 0 and 2 h at a dose of 100 microg/kg. The rats were killed at 3, 6 and 12 h, respectively. Serum amylase and lipase, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio and the percentage of CD3/CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured. Next, 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups (each group containing 10 animals): SAP group (S) and two TA1 treated groups. The effects of TA1 on the survival of SAP were assessed 72 h after the induction of SAP.. There was no significant change in the serum amylase and lipase levels after TA1 administration. Levels of serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and pancreatic wet/dry weight ratio were significantly reduced after TA1-treatment. Application of TA1 significantly balanced CD3/CD4+/CD8+ T cells of PBMC and improved histological scores and the survival rate.. TA1 can reduce pancreatic inflammation by regulating differentiation of CD3/CD4+ T cells and decreasing the release of cytokines, thus attenuates pancreatic severity in SAP rats.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; CD3 Complex; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Disease Models, Animal; Interleukin-1beta; Lipase; Lung; Male; Organ Size; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Severity of Illness Index; T-Lymphocytes; Taurocholic Acid; Thymalfasin; Thymosin; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Corticosterone; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3; Mice; Reoviridae Infections; T-Lymphocytes; Thymosin; Thymus Hormones

During episodes of acute anterior uveitis, patients had a T-lymphopenia and a temporary increase in B-lymphocytes. The T-lymphopenia was not present in patients investigated early in their first attacks, and it persisted after the patients recovered clinically. In household contacts of patients with uveitis, there was a temporary T-lymphopenia. A similar degree of T-lymphopenia was present in patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had not had uveitis, but not in their household contacts. In patients with spondylitis, there was no greater reduction of T-cells when they had episodes of uveitis. In all groups of subjects studied, T-lymphopenia could be abolished, in vitro, with thymosin, a bovine thymic-hormone estract. The finding of T-lymphocyte depletion in the contacts of uveitis patients, as well as in the patients themselves, suggests that there may be lateral transmission of an infective agent (or agents) in the households during (or before) attacks of uveitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Cattle; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interpersonal Relations; Leukocyte Count; Lymphopenia; Rosette Formation; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; T-Lymphocytes; Thymosin; Uveitis, Anterior

In acute leukemia, the frequency of the E+ cells among the blood mononuclears before and after their incubation with human serum thymic factor was investigated by means of the E rosette assay. In 4 of 24 patients tested, the thymic factor incubation of their peripheral blood cells increased the number of the E+ cells among the mononuclears. Prospective importance of the test either in investigating whether a T0 leukemia might really exist, or in monitoring possible variations of the immature T cell counts in relationship to the patient's treatment and his disease course, are discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Cell Differentiation; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Remission, Spontaneous; Rosette Formation; T-Lymphocytes; Thymosin; Thymus Hormones