thymic-factor--circulating and Tuberculosis--Pulmonary

The authors used their immunological correction method to treat 154 patients with progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Of them, 38 patients received standard antituberculosis therapy (Group 1), 39 had additionally paravasal lymphotrophic immunological correction (Group 2), and 38 took antituberculous drugs in accordance with individual regimens (Group 3), and 39 patients were treated by individual regimens during immunological correction (Group 4). After termination of the basic course of chemotherapy, clinical cure was achieved in 61.1, 76.3, 72.2, and 94.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). During the basic course, mortality was 11.1, 5.3, and 5.5% in the first three groups. By taking into account the immunological status of patients with caseous pneumonia, disseminated, and multicavernous pulmonary tuberculous lesion, immunological correction is indicated early in the basic course of therapy.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antitubercular Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Infant; Middle Aged; Oligopeptides; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Hormones; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The paper provides the results of treatment of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis patients by using immunoactive drugs (thymalin and T-activin) and prednisolone, which has been performed by monitoring immunological parameters. The patients with fibrous and cavernous tuberculosis display a combination of antituberculous antibody hyperproduction and specific cell-mediated response inhibition. Immunological hormone therapy allows normalization of the immunological status (an increase in the count and functional activity of T-lymphocytes) and relative stabilization of the process with cessation of bacterial isolation in shorter periods than in the controls, which is favourable to the reduction in hospital treatment periods.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Bacterial; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Peptides; Prednisolone; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Extracts; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The criteria of differential administration of thymalin in the combined management of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis were defined on the basis of immunologic studies. A ++clinico-roentgenologic and immunologic evaluation of in-patient treatment of 60 cases demonstrated that a differential administration of thymalin in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs greatly shortened the stay at a hospital and increased the efficacy of treatment. Besides, more evident normalizing influence of the proposed option of therapy on the recovery of the immune system links is noted.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Middle Aged; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an early complication of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Two forms are recognised: (i) paradoxical - recurrent or new TB symptoms develop after cART initiation in patients receiving TB treatment prior to cART; and (ii) unmasking TB-IRIS - active TB presents within 3 months of cART in patients not receiving TB treatment at cART initiation. The latter has heightened clinical manifestations and a marked inflammatory presentation.. To gain insight into the immune pathogenesis of a case of unmasking TB-IRIS.. The patient was recruited when starting cART and followed up at 4, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for flow cytometry.. Immunological analysis indicated increased CD4+ T-cell proportions from 1.1% at baseline to 14% at 24 weeks (the CD4 count increased from 4 cells/µl at baseline to 41 cells/µl at 24 weeks). HIV viral load fell from 460 774 to 1 405 copies/ml during the same period. The proportion of TB antigen (PPD)-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ cells increased from 0.4% at baseline and 4 weeks (IRIS onset) to 7.8% at 12 weeks (after resolution of the IRIS episode); this fell to 0.7% at 24 weeks. The surface phenotype of CD4+IFN-γ+ cells during the episode was CD45RO+, CD45RA-, CCR7-, CD62L-, CCR5+/- and CD69-. We found a distorted balance between central memory and effector memory T-cells at cART commencement that might have predisposed the patient to unmasking TB-IRIS. We showed that this might have reflected compromised thymic output. Discussion. While it has been suggested that tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induce TB-IRIS in HIV co-infected patients, our data in this case indicated that these cells were expanded only after IRIS onset and were therefore not inducing TB-IRIS.. We describe, in hitherto unpublished detail, the immunological characterisation of an unmasking TB-IRIS case; we show that thymic output may be compromised at IRIS onset.

Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cyclopropanes; Cytokines; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Lamivudine; Male; Opportunistic Infections; Stavudine; Thymic Factor, Circulating; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The efficiency of treating patients with destructive tuberculosis by using different immune correctors was comparatively analyzed. Five hundred and fifty three patients were treated with thymalin, thymogen, human leukocytic interferon, and a combination of thymogen and interferon. The benefit from immunocorrector treatment was obtained early in the complex therapy and the best result was achieved by the use of thymogen plus interferon. However, the action of the two immunocorrectors increased when fibrous deformity of the lung was healed, followed by the development of pronounced residual changes.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunotherapy; Interferon Type I; Lymphocyte Count; Middle Aged; Peptides; Recombinant Proteins; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Hormones; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Clinicoimmunological examination of children to be BCG revaccinated showed 50% of them to have immunodeficiency. Primarily T-cell and macrophagal components of immunity were compromised. The study of immune response to BCG in animals with T-cell and macrophage immunodeficiency validated feasibility of improving antituberculous vaccination efficacy by using thymalin and sodium nucleinate.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Animals; BCG Vaccine; Child; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization, Secondary; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Mice; Nucleic Acids; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Ukraine; Urban Population

When examined for immunological status, complement, basic endogenic protease blockers parameters, patients with infiltrative destructive tuberculosis of the lungs (IDTL) and IDTL combination with exacerbation of chronic pyo-inflammatory bronchitis, exhibited disturbances in cellular and humoral immunity, complement activity, content of alpha 1 protease inhibitor and alpha 2 macroglobulin which aggravated in combined respiratory pathology. Nonspecific aerosol treatment with native protease inhibitors (contrykal or gordox) and thymalin aroused the efficacy of etiotropic treatment and promoted normalization of the above defense systems.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Aerosols; Aprotinin; B-Lymphocytes; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Protease Inhibitors; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Hormones; Trypsin Inhibitors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

We have studied the mechano-electrochemical activation of optical emission (mechanoluminescence, ML) from the surface of lymphocytes. In C57BL/6 mice with B16 melanoma at the terminal stage of tumour growth and after immunotherapy with thymic agents, there is a correlation between light emission and the value of lymphocyte surface charge and titres of thymic serum factor (FTS).

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Humans; Immunotherapy; Luminescent Measurements; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Male; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Reference Values; T-Lymphocytes; Thymic Factor, Circulating; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The monitoring of the immune system in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their peripheric blood lymphocyte reaction to its T-system modulators was undertaken by cellular electrophoresis. It was shown that when the lymphocyte subpopulation ratio tends to be normalized in vitro by inoculation with thymalin and T-activin, the given situation can be viewed as an indication to prescribe immunocorrection drugs to these patients. The lymphocyte subpopulation ratio check in the pulmonary tuberculosis subjects by means of the proposed method before and after the thymalin and T-activin treatment made it possible to reveal a significant normalization of the immunologic indices and to achieve better clinical condition of the patients.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Electrophoresis; Humans; Lymphocytes; Peptides; Thymus Extracts; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Results are reported of the treatment of 116 patients with a control group pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients of the main group (76 persons) received thymalin at the early stages of chemotherapy. Results were compared with a control group. It is shown that immunochemotherapy allows to increase the treatment efficacy earlier with a parallel restoration of cellular immunity indices.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Rosette Formation; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Peptides; T-Lymphocytes; Thymus Extracts; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculin; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Animals; Female; Lung; Lymphopenia; Rats; Thymectomy; Thymus Hormones; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary