thromboplastin and Prostatic-Hyperplasia

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Brain Injuries; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Leukemia; Male; Neurosurgical Procedures; Plasmacytoma; Pregnancy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thromboplastin

Tissue factor (TF), apart from its established role in hemostasis, has been implicated in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis in a wide array of tumors including prostate cancer. Expression of TF was evaluated in freshly-resected prostate specimens obtained from patients with localized (n=9) and androgen ablated (n=6) disease using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. TF was detected in all specimens in both stages of the disease. We further analyzed for correlations between TF expression and those of several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors. TF RNA expression correlated significantly with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in these specimens (s=0.621, P=0.013). Eighty-one prostate specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n=27), localized prostate cancer (ES, n=32), and advanced disease (n=22) were also evaluated using immunohistochemistry and findings were correlated with clinical parameters. TF expression was detected on epithelial cells of the malignant glands. Furthermore, its expression levels correlated significantly with Gleason score (s=0.58, P=0.0001) and with the stage of the disease (s=0.441, P=0.0001) in these specimens. These data support the role of TF in angiogenesis and disease progression.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disease Progression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Phenotype; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA; Thromboplastin

The aim of study was to evaluate TF activity and TFPI concentration in patients with haematological malignancies and urinary tract tumors. TFPI concentration and activity and TF concentration were measured in 20 patients suffering from acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), 21 patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), 17 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), 16 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 65 healthy adults. TFPI and TF concentrations were measured also in patients with renal cell carcinoma (n = 12) and bladder cancer (n = 17) and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 15). Patients with AML, CML, CLL, and cancer revealed elevated TFPI concentrations. Patients with AML, CML, CLL, MM showed decreased TFPI activity. However TFPI concentration correlated inversely with TFPI activity only in the AML group. No significant changes were observed in TF concentrations in all investigated groups.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipoproteins; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thromboplastin; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms

Coagulation activation is a recognized complication of cancer in which increased tissue factor (TF) is implicated. TF can be detected in urine (uTF). This study assesses uTF levels in benign and malignant urological disease and correlates the results with conventional markers of tumour progression.. Using a simple and reproducible kinetic chromogenic assay, we determined uTF levels in controls (normal volunteers (n = 57) and patients with renal stones (n = 30)), benign and malignant bladder (n = 75) or prostate (n = 106) disease and in patients with or without recurrent bladder cancer (n=30). Each benign disease group was stratified as inflammatory (cystitis or prostatitis) or non-inflammatory (negative cystoscopy following haematuria or benign prostatic hypertrophy).. The controls and the benign non-inflammatory results were indistinguishable. The malignant and inflammatory groups showed raised uTF levels over controls (P<0.001 bladder and P<0.01 prostate). The difference between malignant and benign inflammatory disease was only significant for the bladder group. uTF levels were significantly related to histological tumour grading, prostate serum specific antigen, static bone scan images and recurrence status.. uTF levels can distinguish, statistically but not without overlap, patients with malignancy from normal controls and benign non-inflammatory conditions. Discrimination between inflammatory and malignant disease has only been demonstrated in the bladder. uTF levels showed a significant association with markers of tumour progression or metastasis and may be useful in predicting bladder tumour recurrence.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cystitis; Disease Progression; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Male; Middle Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostatitis; Thromboplastin; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Recent investigations have suggested that levels of urinary tissue factor (UTF) may be elevated in some forms of cancer. We have determined UTF levels in healthy controls, patients presenting for surgery with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and untreated prostate cancer. Patients undergoing check cystoscopy, who were free of recurrent bladder cancer, and a cohort of men with bone scan positive prostate cancer recently treated by androgen ablation were also studied. UTF levels were higher in patients with prostate cancer when compared with controls, those undergoing check cystoscopy and patients with BPH. In patients with prostate cancer, bone scan positive patients had higher levels than bone scan negative subjects. The androgen ablated group had UTF levels similar to those of the control groups and significantly lower than the bone scan positive group. A weak correlation was found between UTF and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels when patients with BPH and untreated cancer were analysed, but no correlation was demonstrable between PSA and UTF when cancer patients alone were evaluated. It was concluded that UTF levels are elevated in untreated prostate cancer and reflect bone scan status. In patients with bone scan positive disease UTF also reflects disease activity and may therefore be a useful disease marker in prostate cancer.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone and Bones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; Thromboplastin

Production of procoagulant activity by host and tumour cells may be increased in patients with cancer. Using a simple chromogenic assay, we have determined urinary tissue factor (TF) levels in patients presenting with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC, n = 63), normal controls (n = 20) and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, n = 35). In addition, a separate cohort of patients undergoing endoscopic surveillance for superficial bladder cancer were studied to determine whether there was any difference in levels in those with recurrent disease compared to those with normal cystoscopies. Urinary TF activity was higher in TCC compared to controls (p less than 0.001) and patients with BPH (p less than 0.05). In patients undergoing check cystoscopy, those with recurrent disease (n = 32) had higher levels (p less than 0.01) than those with normal examinations (n = 21). It is concluded that urinary TF levels are elevated in bladder cancer and that this reflects disease activity in those at risk of recurrent superficial disease.

Topics: Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystoscopy; Humans; Male; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thromboplastin; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

To explore mechanisms of coagulation activation in adenocarcinoma of the prostate, the occurrence and distribution of components of coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways in situ were studied by means of immunohistochemical techniques applied to frozen sections of fresh malignant and benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue obtained at transurethral resection. Fibrinogen was distributed throughout the perivascular and tumor connective tissue in both malignant and benign disease but was not present in adjacent areas of normal prostate. Antibodies specific for fibrin and D-dimer crosslink sites stained vascular endothelium focally in both malignant and benign tissues. Both neoplastic cells and benign hyperplastic glandular epithelial cells stained weakly and in a patchy distribution for tissue factor and focally for low-molecular-weight urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Focal staining of vascular endothelium was also observed for tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin-antiplasmin complex neoantigen. By contrast, no tissue staining was observed for factor VII, factor X, factor XIII "a" subunit, high-molecular-weight urokinase-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 to 3, protein C, and protein S. Thus, the similarity in findings between benign hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate tissue, the lack of either an intact tumor cell-associated coagulation pathway or fibrin formation, and the presence of fibrin on vascular endothelium are consistent with the concept that coagulation activation in prostatic cancer may not be due to a direct effect of the tumor cells on the clotting mechanism. Rather, such activation may be induced by a soluble tumor product that activates procoagulant activity on certain host (for example, vascular endothelial) cells. These findings, together with the lack of effect of warfarin anticoagulation on the clinical course of patients with prostatic cancer, contrast with findings in certain other tumor types and suggest that coagulation activation may not contribute to progression of adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Humans; Male; Molecular Weight; Plasminogen Activators; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Thromboplastin; Warfarin

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Drug Evaluation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Rats; Thromboplastin; Vitamins

In this study we have looked for differences in coagulation parameters before and after surgical removal of benign or malignant tumours. A striking increase in thromboplastin activity of the blood monocytes was seen 1 d after surgery. This paralleled a fall in factor VII activity. At the same time, the sensitivity of the blood monocytes to stimulation by endotoxin increased significantly. We propose from this study that monocyte thromboplastin may be a postoperative thrombogenic factor. Increased levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen 2-3 d postoperatively were found, probably caused by inflammation reactions induced by the surgery. No difference in coagulation parameters could be demonstrated between patients with benign, noninvasive lesions and patients with invasive, carcinomatous lesions.

Topics: Blood Coagulation; Breast Neoplasms; Factor VII; Factor VIII; Female; Fibrinogen; Humans; Male; Monocytes; Neoplasms; Postoperative Period; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thromboplastin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Aminocaproates; Aprotinin; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prothrombin Time; Thromboplastin

Topics: Aminocaproates; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Factor V; Factor VII; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Plasminogen; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thromboplastin