thiourea and Lead-Poisoning

Lead (Pb) poisoning has always been a serious health concern, as it permanently damages the central nervous system. Chronic Pb accumulation in the human body disturbs oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation, resulting in dysmyelination, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, Pb at 1 μM inhibits OLs precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation via decreasing the expression of Olig 2, CNPase proteins in vitro. Moreover, Pb treatment inhibits the sodium/calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) mRNA expression, one of the major means of calcium (Ca(2+)) extrusion at the plasma membrane during OPCs differentiation. Also addition of KB-R7943, NCX3 inhibitor, to simulate Pb toxicity, resulted in decreased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and cell branching. Ca(2+) response trace with Pb and KB-R7943 treatment did not drop down in the same recovery time as the control, which elevated intracellular Ca(2+) concentration reducing MBP expression. In contrast, over-expression of NCX3 in Pb exposed OPCs displayed significant increase MBP fluorescence signal in positive regions and CNPase expression, which recovered OPCs differentiation to counterbalance Pb toxicity. In conclusion, Pb exposure disturbs OLs differentiation via affecting the function of NCX3 by inducing intracellular calcium overload.

Topics: Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Down-Regulation; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Myelin Basic Protein; Oligodendroglia; RNA, Messenger; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Thiourea

C15H16N2S is monoclinic [orthorhombic], P2(1)/c [Pbcn]. Unit-cell dimensions at 293 K are a = 9.506(1), b = 7.629(1), c = 20.077(1)A, beta = 99.93(1) degrees, V= 1434.2(2)A(3), D(x) = 1.187 g/cm3, and Z = 4 [a = 11.806(2), b = 13.954(2), c = 8.466(1)A, V = 1394.7(3)A(3), D(x) = 1.221 g/cm3, and Z = 8]. The R value is 0.049 [0.045] for 1620 [1229] observed reflections. The dihedral angle between the tolyl rings is 53.6(1) degrees [47.9(1)degrees]. The crystal structures are stabilized by N-H...S hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Topics: Chelating Agents; Crystallization; Lead Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Thiourea; Toluidines

Topics: 1-Naphthylamine; Acetaldehyde; Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Carbamates; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enterotoxins; Ethylene Glycols; Fluoroacetates; Gastric Lavage; Herbicides; Insecticides; Lead Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Polymers; Strychnine; Thallium; Thiourea; Warfarin