thiourea and Hyperthyroidism

Dispersal, one of the most important processes in population ecology, is an issue linking physiological and behavioral features. However, the endocrine control of animal dispersal remains poorly understood. Here, we tested whether and how thyroid hormones may influence dispersal in glass eels of Anguilla anguilla, by testing their influence on locomotor activity and rheotactic behavior. Glass eels were caught during their estuarine migration and treated by immersion in either a l-thyroxine (T(4)) or a thiourea (TU) solution. As measured by radioimmunoassay, T(4) and TU treatments induced, respectively, increased and decreased whole-body thyroid hormone levels relative to untreated controls. We tested a total of 960 glass eels distributed into control, and T(4) and TU treatment groups, on their swimming behavior in experimental flume tanks equipped with upstream and downstream traps that allowed us to concurrently measure both the locomotor activity and the rheotactic behavior. Compared to controls, locomotor activity significantly increased among the hyperthyroid, T(4)-treated eels, but significantly decreased among the hypothyroid, TU-treated eels. The results on rheotactic behavior suggested a more complex regulatory mechanism, since TU but not T(4) treatment significantly affected rheotactic behavior. The influence of thyroid hormones on locomotor activity suggests a central role for these hormones in the regulation of mechanisms leading to the colonization of continental habitats by glass eels. Thyroid hormones are also implicated in the control of locomotor activity in mammals and migratory behavior in birds, suggesting that these hormones represent conserved, proximate mediators of dispersal in vertebrates.

Topics: Anguilla; Animal Migration; Animals; Hyperthyroidism; Motor Activity; Swimming; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

To accurately evaluate thyroid disorders in pregnancy, the physician must understand the physiologic changes that occur both in thyroid gland size and in thyroid function tests. The effect of thyrotoxicosis on pregnancy outcome largely depends on whether metabolic control is achieved. Women who become euthyroid on treatment usually can expect satisfactory outcomes. Propylthiouracil is considered to be the drug of choice for treating thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy. Because of the significant risk of hypothyroidism and obvious goiter in the infant, the use of iodide should be reserved for severe disease, such as thyroid storm or heart failure. Thyrotoxic infants may need antithyroid treatment until TSAbs are metabolized. Since overt hypothyroidism is often associated with infertility, it is uncommon in pregnancy. Hypothyroid women who do become pregnant, however, have an increased risk of low-birth-weight or stillborn infants. These women may require a greater dosage of thyroid hormone during pregnancy. The effects of subclinical hypothyroidism are not well defined. Accordingly, the need for treatment hinges on the woman's clinical history. Infants of hypothyroid mothers usually show no evidence of thyroid dysfunction, but those who are hypothyroid should receive prompt thyroid replacement therapy. To minimize the sequelae of congenital hypothyroidism, mass screening of infants and prompt treatment of those affected is recommended. During pregnancy, thyroid nodules should be evaluated by ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration or tissue biopsy. Radioiodine scanning should be avoided during pregnancy. If thyroid cancer is diagnosed, pregnancy should not delay treatment. Because postpartum thyroid dysfunction is fairly common yet difficult to detect, physicians and patients should be aware of the symptoms and risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Thiourea; Thyroid Crisis; Thyroid Diseases; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Carbimazole; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Methimazole; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Hormones

The activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), an enzyme playing a key role in glycolysis, was studied in the lung of Wistar R/A rats in the prenatal, postnatal and adult periods of life. The highest level was measured on the 20th gestational day, a value nearly double the adult mean. In order to elicit fetal hypothyroidism, pregnant rats were treated with 0.1% thiourea solution from the 14th day of gestation up to delivery. The animals were killed on the 21st or 22nd gestational day or on the 2nd postnatal day. A significant increase in PK activity was seen in the treated animals as compared to the control group, while the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAPase) remained unchanged. Fetal hyperthyroidism was induced by intravenous injections of TRH to the pregnant mother rat. This resulted in an increase of PAPase and a decrease of PK activity as compared to the control group. The difference was statistically significant in all instances, the level of significance, however, depended on the time when treatment had been initiated.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; Fetus; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phosphatidate Phosphatase; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pregnancy; Pyruvate Kinase; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

Topics: Animals; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea

Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea; United States

The influence of thyroid deficiency and the administration of thyroxine on pituitary-testicular function were studied in male albino rats from weaning age (22 days old) up to 82 days of age. The results showed that the hyperthyroid state induced by a daily injection of 2.5 or 5 microng L-thyroxine resulted in acceleration of growth, a comparative increase in size and number of spermatogenic and interstitial cells, an increase in the STH cells, particularly at the earlier age (42 days old), and in a decrease in the number and size of TSH cells. Gonadotrophic FSH and LH and prolactin cells exhibited an increase in their granular content. The hypothyroid state induced by thyroidectomy or thiourea feeding, at the levels of 0.1 and 0.2% resulted in the depression of growth rate, destructive changes of the spermatogenic and interstitial cells and also in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. A decrease in the STH, gonadotrophic FSH and LH and prolactin cells and hypertrophy of TSH cells accompanied by degranulation were also observed.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Growth; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lithium; Preoperative Care; Propranolol; Thiourea; Thyroxine

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antithyroid Agents; Diet; Disease Outbreaks; Food Analysis; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Rabbits; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Thiocyanates; Thiourea

Topics: Animals; Female; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothalamus; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred AKR; Skull Neoplasms; Thiourea; Thymectomy; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroxine

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antithyroid Agents; Carbimazole; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Imidazoles; Iodine Isotopes; Methimazole; Methylthiouracil; Myocardial Infarction; Perchlorates; Potassium; Potassium Iodide; Propranolol; Propylthiouracil; Psychotic Disorders; Thiourea; Thyroxine; Time Factors

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alcohols; Animals; Body Weight; Caseins; Cell Fractionation; Colon; Esterases; Esters; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodoproteins; Liver; Lysosomes; Male; Oxidoreductases; Palmitic Acids; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Sulfatases; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin A

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodides; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Plasmapheresis; Propranolol; Thiourea; Thyroxine

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Perchlorates; Thiourea

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Female; Guanethidine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperglycemia; Hyperthyroidism; Iodides; Male; Middle Aged; Reserpine; Steroids; Thiourea; Thyroid Crisis; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Cell Count; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Goiter; Heart Auscultation; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Methylthiouracil; Myxedema; Nervous System Diseases; Neurotic Disorders; Propylthiouracil; Radioisotope Dilution Technique; Thiazoles; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyrotropin

Topics: Animals; beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea; Fishes; Guanidines; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Photomicrography; Radiation-Protective Agents; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

Topics: Child; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Myasthenia Gravis; Thiourea

Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography; Geriatrics; Goiter; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Myxedema; Neoplasms; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyronines; Thyroxine; Tyrosine

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea

Topics: Genetics, Medical; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Japan; Nuclear Warfare; Phenylthiourea; Taste; Thiourea; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis

Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Exophthalmos; Goiter; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Methylthiouracil; Perchlorates; Radiotherapy; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroidectomy

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Thiocyanates; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Hyperthyroidism; Infant; Thiourea

Topics: Hypersensitivity; Hyperthyroidism; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Thiourea

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Thiourea

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Serum; Thiourea

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodides; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Radioactivity; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Heart; Hyperthyroidism; Methylthiouracil; Propylthiouracil; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Biomedical Research; Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Climacteric; Hyperthyroidism; Menopause; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Estrogens; Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Pregnancy; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Adolescent; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Leukocyte Count; Leukocyte Disorders; Leukocytes; Leukopenia; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Atrophy; Connective Tissue Diseases; Female; Hyperthyroidism; Liver; Massive Hepatic Necrosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Hyperthyroidism; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Aged; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Endocrine System Diseases; Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Heart Failure; Hyperthyroidism; Methylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Diseases

Topics: Disease Management; Endocrine System Diseases; Hyperthyroidism; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Hyperthyroidism; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Saliva; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Propylthiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Hyperthyroidism; Thiazoles; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thiouracil; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotoxicosis

Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland