thiourea and Atrophy

Increasing evidence suggests that Ras-related in brain 7 (Rab7), an endosome-localized small GTPase contributes to cerebral ischemic brain injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of Rab7 in ischemic stroke-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar. Rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO); the rats were injected with the Rab7 receptor antagonist CID1067700 (CID). Primary astrocytes were subjected to an oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/Re) procedure; CID was added to the cell culture media. We found that Rab7 was significantly elevated over time in both the in vivo and in vitro astrocytic injury models, and administration of CID significantly down-regulated the glial scar markers such as glial fibillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurocan and phosphacan. Moreover, administration of CID significantly attenuated the brain atrophy and improved neurologic deficits in tMCAO rats, and protected astrocytes against OGD/Re-induced injury. Further, CID downregulated the protein levels of Lamp1 and active cathepsin B in astrocytes after OGD/Re or tMCAO injury; CID inhibited the co-localization of cathepsin B and Rab7, Lamp1 and Rab7; CID decreased OGD/Re-induced increase in lysosomal membrane permeability and blocked OGD/Re-induced release of cathepsin B from the lysosome into the cytoplasm in astrocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Rab7 is involved in ischemic stroke-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar. CID administration attenuates brain atrophy and improves neurologic deficits and inhibits astrogliosis and glial scar formation after ischemic stroke via reducing the activation and release of cathepsin B from the lysosome into the cytoplasm.

Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Atrophy; Brain; Cathepsin B; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Gliosis; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; Lysosomes; Male; Neurocan; Neuroprotective Agents; rab GTP-Binding Proteins; rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5; Thiourea

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Carbon Tetrachloride; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Liver; Perfusion; Rats; Thiourea; Time Factors; Toxicology

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Atrophy; Catecholamines; Conditioning, Operant; Extinction, Psychological; Female; Fertility; Fishes; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Methallibure; Oogenesis; Photic Stimulation; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Spermatogenesis; Testis; Thiourea

Topics: Atrophy; Connective Tissue Diseases; Female; Hyperthyroidism; Liver; Massive Hepatic Necrosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland