thiopental and Thrombophlebitis

Research on the benzodiazepines has shown that they have certain advantages over the opiates as premedicants. Diazepam, which produces good tranquilization, is well absorbed when given orally though absorption is influenced by other drugs given at the same time. Oral lorazepam leads to more prolonged sedation and amnesia but the final elimination is more rapid. Several new intravenous anaesthetics have been introduced during the last five years but none seems likely to replace thiopental. The theoretical disadvantages of thiopental are offset by its water-solubility, and the use of Cremophor EL in preparations of propanidid, alphaxalone, di-isopropyl phenol and one preparation of diazepam has led to many hypersensitivity reactions. Ketamine is gradually finding its rightful place in anaesthesia but its use is becoming limited to anaesthesia in difficult circumstances. The future concomitant use of other drugs and separation of isomers of ketamine may again broaden its applications. The new water-soluble steroid minaxolone has its own disadvantages, and the water-soluble benzodiazepine midazolam is as unpredictable for induction of anaesthesia as diazepam.

Topics: Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Etomidate; Glycerol; Humans; Ketamine; Lorazepam; Male; Mice; Phenols; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

The frequency of local venous reactions after the injection i.v. of etomidate or thiopentone was studied in 61 patients undergoing surgery for prolapsed lumbar disc. Of the patients who received etomidate, 24% developed thrombophlebitis in the period after operation (up to 14 days). Of the patients who received thiopentone, 4% developed thrombophlebitis in the period after operation. Pain on injection occurred in 24% of the patients receiving etomidate, but there was no correlation between pain on injection and the subsequent thrombophlebitis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Etomidate; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia; Female; Fibrinogen; Halothane; Heart Rate; Hip; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Radionuclide Imaging; Regional Blood Flow; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors

Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Methohexital; Phenylacetates; Phlebitis; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Humans; Jurisprudence; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

The occurrence of phlebitis, thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis after intravenous premedication with diazepam (0.15 mg/kg) dissolved in propylene glycol (Valium) or in polyethylene glycol (Diapam) or flunitrazepam (0.0125 mg/kg), and after intravenous induction of balanced general anaesthesia with thiopentone (4.0 mg/kg) or etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) was studied on the 7th and 14th postoperative days in 115 patients undergoing short-stay varicose vein surgery. Venous complications occurred most frequently after etomidate (43% at 14 days), thiopentone (23% at 14 days), and Valium (21% at 7 days). Diapam caused fewer venous sequelae (9% at 14 days) than Valium (18% at 14 days), but the smallest number of complications were noticed after flunitrazepam (8% at 7 days and none at 14 days). Venous sequelae were more severe and more extended after thiopentone and after etomidate than those after the diazepam preparations. It is concluded that venous complications after flunitrazepam premedication were mild and infrequent and that the incidence of such complications was unacceptably high after etomidate induction.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Etomidate; Female; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Phlebitis; Random Allocation; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Two cases of adverse sequelae associated with the use of 2.5% thiopentone are reported: one involved extensive local venous thrombosis at the site of the injection causing great distress to the patient; the other involved a histaminoid reaction in a patient who, like others who have been reported with this type of reaction, had a history of allergy.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Child; Drug Hypersensitivity; Edema; Female; Humans; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Acetates; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Attention; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Meclofenoxate; Pulse; Respiration; Sleep, REM; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors

Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Arteries; Blood Vessels; Ear, External; Gangrene; Necrosis; Rabbits; Radiography; Spasm; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Veins; Venous Insufficiency

Topics: Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Age Factors; Bicarbonates; Buffers; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infections; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Plastics; Potassium; Pregnanediones; Sex Factors; Sodium; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors; Veins

Topics: Accidents; Amnesia; Anesthesia; Apnea; Central Nervous System; Convulsive Therapy; Depression; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Fear; History, 20th Century; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Methods; Pentylenetetrazole; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Bandages; Blood Flow Velocity; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Iliac Vein; Leg; Popliteal Vein; Postoperative Complications; Posture; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Barbiturates; Carbohydrates; Heparinoids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infusions, Parenteral; Meperidine; Ointments; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Aged; Autonomic Nerve Block; Cyanosis; Edema; Hand; Hibernation; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Injections; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Pharmacology; Procaine; Spasm; Stellate Ganglion; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Toxicology

Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Glycolates; Humans; Methohexital; Nitrous Oxide; Pharmacology; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Tooth Extraction; Toxicology

Topics: Humans; Incidence; Thiopental; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis