thiopental and Schizophrenia

Over the past several decades, psychopharmacological treatments in psychiatry have been subjected to intensive methodological scrutiny in the continual assessment of their efficacy and safety. Although one of the most dramatic and controversial therapeutic approaches in psychiatry, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has not received the same concentrated, systematic attention. Through a comprehensive literature search, the present authors have attempted to provide answers relating to the efficacy and the safety of conventional ECT and some of its more prominent variations. Although specific discernible trends are reported in the text, results of the survey are too disparate for a simplistic summary statement to be made regarding efficacy in all diagnostic categories. As with most somatic treatments in psychiatry, bilateral ECT does present some apparent risk, reduced but not entirely eliminated by precautionary techniques, which must be weighed against the possible benefits to be derived in a given case. Other variations of ECT offer promise of fewer side effects but must be accepted as standard clinical practice.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Electric Stimulation; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Histamine; Humans; Insulin; Length of Stay; Mental Disorders; Nitrous Oxide; Psychotherapy; Safety; Schizophrenia; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Adult; Brain Stem; Catatonia; Computers; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Paranoid Disorders; Placebos; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Electroencephalography; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Phenothiazines; Placebos; Psychosurgery; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Thiopental

Over the past several decades, psychopharmacological treatments in psychiatry have been subjected to intensive methodological scrutiny in the continual assessment of their efficacy and safety. Although one of the most dramatic and controversial therapeutic approaches in psychiatry, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has not received the same concentrated, systematic attention. Through a comprehensive literature search, the present authors have attempted to provide answers relating to the efficacy and the safety of conventional ECT and some of its more prominent variations. Although specific discernible trends are reported in the text, results of the survey are too disparate for a simplistic summary statement to be made regarding efficacy in all diagnostic categories. As with most somatic treatments in psychiatry, bilateral ECT does present some apparent risk, reduced but not entirely eliminated by precautionary techniques, which must be weighed against the possible benefits to be derived in a given case. Other variations of ECT offer promise of fewer side effects but must be accepted as standard clinical practice.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Electric Stimulation; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Histamine; Humans; Insulin; Length of Stay; Mental Disorders; Nitrous Oxide; Psychotherapy; Safety; Schizophrenia; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Diagnostic Errors; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Middle Aged; Porphyrias; Schizophrenia; Thiopental; Treatment Outcome

This study compares the data of (modified) electroconvulsive theraphy (ECT) applications from two different inpatient clinics in Turkey: Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital (Clinic-I) and Kocaeli University (Clinic-II).. Recorded files of patients from the two clinics were compared in terms of ECT indications, number and duration of seizures, and anesthetic agents used (propofol vs. thiopental). ECT applications occurring between January 2011 and January 2013 were included in the study.. A total of 86 patients (9.5% of the inpatients) received ECT in Clinic-I and 103 patients (21.1% of the inpatients) in Clinic-II during the period studied. The yearly ECT rate (treated person rate per 10,000 per year) was 0.59/10,000 for Kocaeli (Turkey) as a whole. The overall number of ECT applications was 539 in Clinic-I and 999 in Clinic-II, and the average number of ECT sessions for each patient was 6.4 ± 2.33 in Clinic-I and 9.69 ± 4.66 in Clinic-II. The majority of indications were depressive disorders and insufficient response to medicine. Patients in the clinic which utilized thiopental as the anesthetic agent experienced more cardiovascular and respiratory side effects than the one which used propofol. The number of ECT sessions required was greater for patients with schizoaffective disorder than for others.. The administration of ECT was considered to be a reliable method of treatment in these clinics. With respect to specific anesthetic agents, propofol was found to have less hemodynamic side effects and shorter seizure durations than thiopental.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bipolar Disorder; Bradycardia; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Hemodynamics; Hospital Units; Humans; Male; Medical Records; Propofol; Retrospective Studies; Schizophrenia; Seizures; Thiopental; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Turkey

Twenty patients aged 45 or older with the diagnosis of endogenous depression were evaluated in terms of safety and efficacy in their response to multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy (MMECT) versus single electroconvulsive therapy (SECT). The MMECT group (10 patients) when compared retrospectively with the control SECT group (10 patients) showed a similar record for safety and efficacy. However, the MMECT group required shorter overall duration of treatment, fewer sessions of general anesthesia, and lower dosages of anesthetic agents. The chief benefit of MMECT probably is in the reduction of the time the patient is at risk for suicide.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amnesia; Depression; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Electroencephalography; Humans; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Schizophrenia; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

During EST of schizophrenic (with a prevalent depressive symptomatology) and manic-depressive patients refractory to medicinal therapy, it was possible to find the following conditions. There was a definite advantage in the use of a narcotizing preparation such as epontal with a relaxant listenon compared to a tiopenthal narcosis. This may be due to a short-time narcotic effect of epontal, the absence of postnarcotic symptoms such as expressed apathy, weakness, headaches, which can be observed during 2-3 hours, following tiopenthal narcosis.

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Bipolar Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Propanidid; Schizophrenia; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Anesthesia; Computers; Cortical Synchronization; Dreams; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenothiazines; Remission, Spontaneous; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Thiopental

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Benperidol; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Methohexital; Preanesthetic Medication; Propanidid; Schizophrenia; Thiopental; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Cyclohexanes; Depression; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Ketamine; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Behavior; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotic Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Depression; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Methohexital; Potassium; Schizophrenia; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atropine; Chlorpromazine; Electroencephalography; Female; Glycolates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasympatholytics; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Sleep Stages; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenothiazines; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Consciousness; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Methohexital; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Chlorpromazine; Depression; Drug Therapy; Electroencephalography; Mental Disorders; Neurotic Disorders; Perphenazine; Pharmacology; Prognosis; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sleep; Thiopental; Thioridazine; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Brain Injuries; Electroencephalography; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Drug Therapy; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Electroencephalography; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Thiopental; Tranquilizing Agents

Topics: Barbiturates; Electric Stimulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Schizophrenia; Thiopental

Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sodium; Thiopental