thiopental and Hypersensitivity

The antihistaminic effect of 2-[2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperadinyl]ethoxy] benzoic acid maleate (ZCR-2060), a newly synthesized antiallergic agent, was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. ZCR-2060 clearly antagonized histamine-induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and trachea. In contrast, carbachol-, BaCl2- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum were slightly inhibited by higher concentrations of ZCR-2060. 3H-Mepyramine specific binding to membranes from guinea pig lung and brain were markedly inhibited by ZCR-2060 in a concentration-dependent fashion. In the in vitro studies, the antihistaminic effect of ZCR-2060 was greater than those of cetirizine and terfenadine, but was less than that of ketotifen. In the in vivo studies, ZCR-2060 significantly inhibited the histamine-induced cutaneous reaction in rats, when administered orally 1 hr before the histamine injection. Moreover, ZCR-2060 has a long-lasting antihistaminic effect. In the in vivo studies, the antihistaminic effect of ZCR-2060 was found to be greater than that of cetirizine and terfenadine, and it was the same as that of ketotifen. Thiopental-induced sleep and spontaneous ambulatory activity in mice, however, were unaffected by ZCR-2060 at higher doses. These results indicate that ZCR-2060 has a potent, selective and long acting histamine H1-receptor antagonistic action without causing any unwanted CNS side effect.

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Brain; Dermatitis, Contact; Exploratory Behavior; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Hypersensitivity; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Male; Membranes; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Piperidines; Pyrilamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sleep; Thiopental

1. In this study we compared the effects of two anaesthetic drugs on the leukocyte membrane fluidity in allergic patients versus control subjects. 2. Fluidity was assessed by means of the fluorescence polarization technique. 3. We report that the treatment of the whole leukocytes with thiopental or pancuronium enhanced membrane fluidity in the allergic group as well as in the control one, but the effect was more pronounced in allergics. 4. This finding suggests a different biophysical behaviour of the leukocyte membrane towards anaesthetic drugs in allergic diseases. 5. This agrees with the hypothesis of the existence of an intrinsic abnormality in allergic cells, expressed as an initial hyperreactive state.

Topics: Adult; Female; Fluorescence Polarization; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Thiopental

Twenty-eight adults with a history of a generalized allergic reaction during anesthesia were investigated. The reactions were systemic in 23 adults, urticaria/angioedema in four, and bronchial obstruction in one adult. The study population and an additional 35 subjects with a history of use of thiopental during anesthesia but without reactions were investigated by methods including thiopental skin test, succinylcholine skin test, and IgE RAST for antibodies to thiopental, succinylcholine, or latex. Among the 28 patients with reactions, 17 had positive thiopental skin tests; 14/28 reactors and 1/35 of the control group had an IgE thiopental RAST value greater than 2 SD above the mean for control sera from ragweed-allergic subjects. The one control subject with a positive thiopental RAST also was the only control subject with a positive thiopental skin test. IgE succinylcholine RAST was negative in all 23 reactor sera tested. The IgE latex RAST was strongly positive in one reactor. In conclusion, evidence of allergy, particularly allergy to thiopental as a possible basis for the reactions, was obtained in greater than 50% of the patients who were investigated. No allergy to succinylcholine was found.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Child; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Latex; Male; Middle Aged; Radioallergosorbent Test; Skin Tests; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

The degree of histamine release induced by three different anesthetic drugs was studied in vitro using basophil leukocytes from atopic patients (n = 11) and controls (n = 14). In all, eight dilutions (1/2 to 10(-5)) of Diprivan and its solvent Intralipid, thiopental and chlormethiazole in aqueous solution, were used. Histamine was released in four controls with weak dilutions (1/2 to 10(-5)) of Diprivan (n = 2) and thiopental (n = 2). The reaction with thiopental was greater than that with Diprivan. Five of the atopic subjects released histamine with one or more drug: thiopental and Diprivan four times each, Intralipid twice, and chlormethiazole once. Histamine release was greater in these patients than in controls, and occurred with dilutions ranging from 1/2 to 10(-2), except for one case. It is concluded that atopic patients release histamine with hypnotic anesthetic drugs more easily than normal subjects. In the clinical setting, where blood concentration of the drugs studied is equivalent to a dilution of less than 10(-3), they do not release much histamine. They may be used in atopic patients if the drugs are injected slowly.

Topics: Basophils; Chlormethiazole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Histamine; Histamine Release; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Propofol; Thiopental

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Thiopental

Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia and Analgesia; Anesthesiology; Hypersensitivity; Pain Management; Surgery, Oral; Thiopental

Topics: Anesthesia; Decamethonium Compounds; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Thiopental

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Thiopental