thiopental and Hyperglycemia

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon Dioxide; Cyclopropanes; Ethyl Ethers; Hormones; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Lactates; Nitrous Oxide; Pyruvates; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thiopental; Tubocurarine

The acute effects of thiopentone on plasma glucose concentration and regulation in humans have not been well described. We therefore examined the effect of a single dose (6 mg/kg) of thiopentone on plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline and noradrenaline in 16 healthy women undergoing elective abdominal surgery. To assess involvement of the neuroendocrine system in the response to thiopentone, half of the patients received labetalol prior to induction of anaesthesia. Thiopentone injection resulted in a 50% increase in plasma glucose levels (P < 0.001) in both labetalol-treated and non-treated patients 90 s following its administration. This was associated neither with significant increases in plasma glucagon, adrenaline and noradrenaline nor with a decline in plasma insulin. We conclude that acute hyperglycaemia following thiopentone is most likely the consequence of a non-adrenergically-mediated increase in hepatic glucose release.

Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Glucose; Epinephrine; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Labetalol; Neurosecretory Systems; Norepinephrine; Placebos; Thiopental

Glucose homeostasis is maintained under strict physiological control in which the central nervous system is very important. Ketamine/xylazine mixture induces hyperglycemia, although the mechanism involved is unknown. We aimed to study the role of sympathoadrenal axis on glycemia and insulinemia in adult rats.. NInety-day-old male Wistar rats were used. Half of the rats underwent removal of the adrenal gland medullae (adrenodemedullation, ADM). After overnight fasting, all rats were given the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT), which was performed in six groups: awake, ketamine/xylazine (KX) and thiopental (Thiop) anesthetized intact rats, and the same groups of ADM rats. The intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (1U/kg BW) was performed in an additional animal group to record the rate constant of plasma glucose disappearance (Kitt). Tissue insulin sensitivity was also evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).. Ketamine/xylazine increased basal glycemia by 110.6% (P<0.001) in intact rats. In the ADM group, KX rats had a reduction of 36.6% (P<0.05) basal glycemia. Thiop caused a decrease of 70.3% (P<0.05) in basal insulinemia in intact rats. ADM reduced fasting insulin in all groups. Insulin sensitivity was elevated in intact Thiop rats, while insulin resistance was observed in intact KX rats. Both anesthetics induced glucose intolerance during ivGTT in the intact group, but not in ADM rats. Insulin secretion was reduced for both anesthetics in intact and ADM rats.. Sympathoadrenal axis activity is not involved with the hyperglycemia induced by thiopental or ketamine/xylazine.

Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Adult; Anesthetics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; Ketamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thiopental; Xylazine

Adult, male hamsters anesthetized with lnactin [5-ethyl-5-(1-methyl propyl)-2-thiobarbiturate] were found to be hyperglycemic. Blood glucose concentrations in anesthetized hamsters (300.1+/-15.6 mg/dl) were more than twice those of control animals (144.8+/-7.7 mg/dl). Neither the length of time under anesthesia nor the performance of surgery influenced the blood glucose concentration.

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cricetinae; Hyperglycemia; Male; Rodent Diseases; Thiobarbiturates; Thiopental; Time Factors

Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Cholangitis; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Coma; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Infusions, Parenteral; Insulin; Nitrous Oxide; Osmolar Concentration; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Blood Glucose; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coma; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Nitrous Oxide; Osmolar Concentration; Thiopental; Time Factors

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Anesthesia; Benperidol; Female; Halothane; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Middle Aged; Phenoperidine; Postoperative Complications; Propanidid; Stress, Physiological; Thiopental; Thoracic Surgery; Thorax; Tubocurarine

Topics: Animals; Hyperglycemia; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; Thiopental

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia; Anesthesiology; Animals; Electroencephalography; Heart; Hemodynamics; Horses; Hyperglycemia; Leukopenia; Pharmacology; Research; Respiration; Sodium; Thiopental; Toxicology

Topics: Barbiturates; Ether; Ethers; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Preoperative Care; Thiopental