thiopental and Asthma

Topics: Anesthesia; Asthma; Humans; Thiopental

To determine if clinical concentrations of halothane have direct relaxant effects on airway smooth muscle, the authors compared dose-response curves to histamine in the control state (thiopental) and during halothane anesthesia (1.0 and 1.5 MAC), in six basenji-greyhound (BG) dogs untreated and pretreated with atropine aerosols (10 mg X ml-1). Pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were continuously monitored. Baseline airway tone was not significantly different during thiopental, halothane (1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC), and after atropine aerosol administration. During thiopental anesthesia, histamine produced dose-related increases in RL and decreases in Cdyn. Both halothane and atropine significantly attenuated the bronchoconstriction induced by histamine 1 mg X ml-1. There was no significant differences in the extent of antagonism of histamine-related bronchoconstriction between halothane (1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC) and the atropine aerosol. Moreover, in four dogs halothane anesthesia in the presence of atropine offered no additional protection compared with atropine alone. Because the protection afforded by halothane was not greater than that of atropine pretreatment alone, and the addition of halothane to atropine failed to increase the protection, it is concluded that block of vagal reflexes was the major action of halothane responsible for the attenuation of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.

Topics: Aerosols; Airway Resistance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Asthma; Atropine; Bronchi; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Halothane; Histamine; Nerve Block; Reflex; Thiopental; Vagus Nerve

Experimental asthma was induced in dogs previously sensitized to ascaris antigen by ventilation with ascaris antigen, in an aerosol, for 10 min. Before the administration of antigen, there was no significant difference in pulmonary airways resistance (RL) during thiopentone and ketamine anaesthesia. In dogs anaesthetized with thiopentone, RL increased significantly from a pre-antigen control of 0.36 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- SEM) kPa litre-1 s to 1.56 +/- 0.38 at 5 min after administration of antigen. In dogs anaesthetized with ketamine, RL before (0.30 +/- 0.10) and 5 min after antigen (0.47 +/- 0.18) was not significantly different. Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol abolished the protective effect of ketamine so that there was no significant difference in the maximal increase (5 min after antigen) in RL in dogs anaesthetized with ketamine (2.92 +/- 0.74) or thiopentone (3.28 +/- 1.16). Beta adrenergic blockade also increased pre-antigen RL in both groups (ketamine 0.87 +/- 0.24; thiopentone 0.77 +/- 0.32).

Topics: Airway Resistance; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Antigens; Ascaris; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Ketamine; Lung Compliance; Propranolol; Thiopental

A detailed review of drug-induced bronchospasm is presented. Four types of reactions are described. Furthermore, pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment and prophylaxis of the "Aspirin-induced asthma" are demonstrated.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aspirin; Asthma; Bronchi; Bronchial Spasm; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Pancuronium; Peptide Hydrolases; Proteins; Tartrazine; Thiopental

Three patients with sensitivity to an intravenous anaesthetic-thiopentone, propanidid, and Althesin (alphadolone and alphaxalone)-are described. In the cases of thiopentone and Althesin the reaction was characterized by cardiovascular collapse, while bronchospasm also occurred with thiopentone. The reaction to propanidid was a direct skin sensitivity. All patients had a personal or family history of asthma and all had been previously exposed to the offending drug. A leucocyte challenge test showed an allergic response to thiopentone and Althesin in two patients but gave a negative result in the patient with the skin reaction. Allergic reactions can occur to all types of intravenous anaesthetics in a few patients.

Topics: Adult; Aminophylline; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiovascular System; Child; Drug Combinations; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Edema; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Immunoglobulin E; Lactates; Leukocytes; Male; Oxygen; Pregnanediones; Propanidid; Skin Tests; Thiopental

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Asthma; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Postoperative Complications; Pulmonary Emphysema; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental

Topics: Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchoscopy; Catheterization; Halothane; Humans; Isotonic Solutions; Lidocaine; Methods; Methohexital; Respiratory Function Tests; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thiopental

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesiology; Asthma; Autonomic Nerve Block; Carotid Body; Ether; Geriatrics; Halothane; Humans; Lidocaine; Methoxyflurane; Nitrous Oxide; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Thiopental; Toxicology; Vascular Surgical Procedures