thiopental and Acidosis

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Bicarbonates; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbon Dioxide; Cyclopropanes; Ethyl Ethers; Hormones; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Lactates; Nitrous Oxide; Pyruvates; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Sympathetic Nervous System; Thiopental; Tubocurarine

Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Coma; Conscious Sedation; Critical Care; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fever; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Propofol; Rare Diseases; Syndrome; Thiopental; Time Factors

Isoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug, used commonly for treatment and prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Acute isoniazid intoxication is characterized by a clinical triad consisting of metabolic acidosis resistant to treatment with sodium bicarbonate, seizures which may be fatal and refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy, and coma. Treatment requires admission to the intensive care unit for ventilatory support, management of seizures and metabolic acidosis. Pyridoxine, in a dose equivalent to the amount of isoniazid ingested, is the only effective antidote. We report the successful treatment of two isoniazid intoxication cases: the case of a child developing an accidental acute isoniazid intoxication and an adult case of isoniazid intoxication with the intent of suicide.

Topics: Acidosis; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Antitubercular Agents; Charcoal; Child; Coma; Diazepam; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Isoniazid; Pyridoxine; Seizures; Sodium Bicarbonate; Suicide, Attempted; Thiopental; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Child, Preschool; Conscious Sedation; Drug Costs; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Propofol; Thiopental

Using a chronic sheep preparation, with induced foetal acidosis, the effects of low and high dose thiopentone and ketamine on maternal and foetal cardiovascular dynamics were studied. Ketamine 4 mg . kg-1 and thiopentone 10 mg . kg-1 were both associated with marked reductions in foetal cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery. Blood pressure and cerebral blood flow in the acidotic foetus was better preserved, however, following the lower dose of ketamine 2 mg . kg-1 than following thiopentone 6 mg . kg-1.

Topics: Acidosis; Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Ketamine; Pregnancy; Sheep; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnanediones; Thiopental

The anaesthetic management of patients in haemorrhagic shock is described. The principles are those of initial resuscitation with electrolyte solutions and alleviation of metabolic acidosis, combined with early induction of anaesthesia to permit control of bleeding as soon as possible. The anaesthetic technique depends on pre-oxygenation, intravenous anaesthesia, muscular relaxation and ventilation with pure oxygen. Earlier cases were induced with thiopentone and maintained with intermittent suxamethonium, but intravenous ketamine was later employed for induction and intramuscular ketamine for maintenance; this use of ketamine is now the author's method of choice. The use of a central venous pressure line connected to a cannula in the internal jugular vein is recommended.

Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Central Venous Pressure; Female; Humans; Ketamine; Lactates; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Resuscitation; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Tidal Volume; Urinary Catheterization

Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Cholangitis; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Coma; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Infusions, Parenteral; Insulin; Nitrous Oxide; Osmolar Concentration; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Blood Glucose; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coma; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Nitrous Oxide; Osmolar Concentration; Thiopental; Time Factors

Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Acidosis; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Phenformin; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Antihypertensive Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Heart Failure; Hepatitis; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypertension; Hypocalcemia; Hyponatremia; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Nausea; Preanesthetic Medication; Seizures; Thiopental; Uremia; Vomiting

A non-lethal procedure for identifying pigs apt to develop malignant hyperthermia is described. Susceptible animals were exposed to a variety of anaesthetic and other agents and it was shown that thiopentone sodium and CT 1341 (Glaxo) afforded a measure of protection against the development of the syndrome. Pretreatment with procaine did not prevent the onset of the condition and the administration of procaine when muscle rigidity was present failed to prevent a fatal outcome. The syndrome was induced in susceptible animals by halothane, chloroform, and a combination of halothane with suxamethonium. The effects of cyclopropane in susceptible pigs could not be predicted, and other tests showed that suxamethonium alone would not induce muscle contracture. Pretreatment with lignocaine failed to prevent induction of the syndrome by halothane.We believe that the porcine syndrome may result from more than one defect and that in one particular type the most effective treatment is immediate cooling coupled with the administration of sodium bicarbonate.

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Chloroform; Cyclopropanes; Fever; Halothane; Ketones; Lidocaine; Pregnanes; Procaine; Succinylcholine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Thiopental; Tubocurarine

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Carbon Dioxide; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lidocaine; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Physical Examination; Pregnancy; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Dogs; Ear, External; Electric Countershock; Female; Halothane; Heart Arrest, Induced; Heart Septum; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Lactates; Male; Methods; Nitrous Oxide; Premedication; Rabbits; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia, General; Child; Fever; Humans; Meperidine; Scopolamine; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Female; Halothane; Heart Arrest; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Pulmonary Edema; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Transplantation, Homologous; Tubocurarine; Vomiting

Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Appendectomy; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Basal Metabolism; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatine Kinase; Fever; Halothane; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Hypercapnia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Male; Muscular Diseases; Nitrous Oxide; Pneumothorax; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Cyanosis; Fever; Halothane; Hyperventilation; Muscles; Oxygen; Prognosis; Sodium; Swine; Tachycardia; Thiopental

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Ethyl Ethers; Female; Glycolysis; Halothane; Humans; Hypoxia; Lactates; Male; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Pyruvates; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Alkalosis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Dehydration; Ethers; Ethyl Chloride; Halothane; Humans; Methoxyflurane; Muscle, Smooth; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Preanesthetic Medication; Pyloric Stenosis; Pylorus; Succinylcholine; Thiopental

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Thiopental; Time Factors

Topics: Acidosis; Alkalosis; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Blood Proteins; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorpromazine; Hexobarbital; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methohexital; Nitrofurantoin; Pentobarbital; Phenylbutazone; Protein Binding; Quinine; Salicylamides; Salicylates; Thiopental

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Aged; Carbon Dioxide; Electrocardiography; Heart Massage; Humans; Male; Thiopental; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Female; Fever; Halothane; Humans; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Rats; Sodium Chloride; Succinylcholine; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart; Heart Septal Defects; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Heart, Artificial; Hypercapnia; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Metabolism; Preanesthetic Medication; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Thoracic Surgery

Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics; Barbiturates; Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cyclopropanes; Ether; Halothane; Heart; Humans; Methoxyflurane; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pharmacology; Respiration; Thiopental

Topics: Acidosis; Apnea; Atropine; Bicarbonates; Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Laparotomy; Meperidine; Neostigmine; Nitrous Oxide; Obesity; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Sodium Bicarbonate; Thiopental; Toxicology