thiamine and Beriberi, Cerebral studies

thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dialysis patients are at risk for thiamine deficiency, which may mimic many uremic complications, including encephalopathy."	9.09	Thiamine deficiency and unexplained encephalopathy in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. ( Chen, TW; Huang, TP; Hung, SC; Hung, SH; Tarng, DC; Yang, WC, 2001)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff psychosis (KP), together termed Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), are distinct yet overlapping neuropsychiatric disorders associated with thiamine deficiency."	8.98	Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis. ( 't Jong, GW; Bhardwaj, A; Chandrakumar, A, 2018)
"Despite the fact that both thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) have been observed to some degree in cancer patients, such cases of TD and/or WE reported to date have all been diagnosed after the initiation of treatment."	8.02	Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by pretreatment evaluation in an esophageal cancer patient. ( Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Sato, I; Yoshioka, A, 2021)
"Thiamine deficiency (TD) is frequently suspected and treated at our hospital."	8.02	Infantile thiamine deficiency: Redefining the clinical patterns. ( Ahmad, K; Akram, M; Bashir, A; Bhat, AS; Qureshi, U; Qureshi, UA; Wani, NA, 2021)
" During the hospitalization other comploication of low thiamine appeared such as wet beriberi."	7.96	Wernicke's encephalopathy, refeeding syndrome and wet beriberi after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: the importance of thiamine evaluation. ( Bugiardini, E; Colombo, C; Dadone, V; De Toni Franceschini, L; Iaccarino, L; Pacei, F, 2020)
"Thiamine deficiency can cause encephalopathy (Wernicke) and lactic acidosis."	7.96	Wernicke Encephalopathy and Lactic Acidosis in Thiamine Deficiency. ( Besci, T; Evren, G; Köroðlu, TF, 2020)
"Although thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) are not rare in cancer patients, the cases reported to date developed TD and/or WE after treatment had started."	7.91	Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by preoperative evaluation in an ovarian cancer patient: Diagnosis and the need for preoperative thiamine measurement. ( Akechi, T; Fujiwara, K; Hasegawa, K; Ishida, M; Nishikawa, T; Onishi, H; Shintani, D; Uchida, N, 2019)
" Given the low risk and cost of BAL testing and thiamine prophylaxis and the high cost of delirium, standard protocols for prophylaxis are essential."	7.80	Prevention of delirium in trauma patients: are we giving thiamine prophylaxis a fair chance? ( Ball, CG; Blackmore, C; Kirkpatrick, AW; Niven, D; Ouellet, JF, 2014)
"This patient illustrates that eating disorders can be an uncommon cause of rapidly progressive paresthesias, weakness, and neurological decline due to thiamine deficiency."	7.80	Thiamine deficiency secondary to anorexia nervosa: an uncommon cause of peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in adolescence. ( Evans, PA; Marin-Valencia, I; Renthal, W, 2014)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is rare in children and is caused by thiamine deficiency."	7.80	Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency after surgery on a child with duodenal stenosis. ( Akkuş, PZ; Arslan, EA; Ekinci, S; Göçmen, R; Haliloğlu, G, 2014)
" All were assessed with the erythrocyte transketolase activity assay, wherein the extent of thiamine deficiency is expressed in percentage stimulation compared with baseline (thiamine pyrophosphate effect [TPPE])."	7.73	Outbreak of life-threatening thiamine deficiency in infants in Israel caused by a defective soy-based formula. ( Eshel, G; Fattal-Valevski, A; Globus, O; Hoffmann, C; Kesler, A; Mesterman, R; Nitzan-Kaluski, D; Rotstein, M; Sela, BA; Stolovitch, C; Toledano-Alhadef, H, 2005)
" We present a case of thiamine deficiency-induced coma associated with acute necrosis of fornices documented on CT and review cardinal neuroimaging features of Wernicke encephalopathy."	7.73	Computed tomography findings in thiamine deficiency-induced coma. ( St Louis, EK; Swenson, AJ, 2006)
" Using the erythrocyte transketolase activation assay, we now report biochemical evidence of thiamine deficiency in 9/39 (23%) of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex."	7.68	Thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy in AIDS. ( Bourgault, AM; Butterworth, RF; Gaudreau, C; Lamothe, F; Nutini, AM; Vincelette, J, 1991)
" Since thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor in the reaction, thiamine deficiency might be expected to result in tissue oxalosis."	7.65	Thiamine deficiency and oxalosis. ( Salyer, DC; Salyer, WR, 1974)
"Thiamine is a helper molecule (i."	6.42	The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease. ( Hiller-Sturmhöfel, S; Martin, PR; Singleton, CK, 2003)
"Thiamine deficiency was later confirmed."	5.91	Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Pediatric Patient with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Rare Presentation of Thiamine Deficiency. ( Basouny, N; Khvolis, D; Lee, A; McFarlane-Ferreira, Y; Spigos, J, 2023)
"Thiamine is an essential cofactor in the process of nucleic acid synthesis."	5.62	Case of hypoactive delirium precipitated by thiamine deficiency. ( Hetzel, F; Husnain, MG; Stiff, KM; Truong, T, 2021)
"The primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is thiamine deficiency, and more than 90% of cases are reported in alcohol-dependent patients."	5.51	What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial. ( Batey, R; Binks, P; Bowden, SC; Delima, JF; Dingwall, KM, 2022)
"Thiamine levels were selectively related to memory performance in the alcoholics."	5.37	Signs of preclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy and thiamine levels as predictors of neuropsychological deficits in alcoholism without Korsakoff's syndrome. ( Jackson, K; Pfefferbaum, A; Pitel, AL; Rosenbloom, MJ; Sassoon, SA; Sullivan, EV; Zahr, NM, 2011)
"We report a new case of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient who had hyperemesis gravidarum associated with signs and symptoms of dry and wet beriberi."	5.33	Thiamine deficiency and beriberi features in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Gentile, G; Indraccolo, U; Luzi, G; Pomili, G; Villani, C, 2005)
"A 64-year-old male patient with diabetic nephropathy had been treated with maintenance hemodialysis therapy for 4 years, and had developed disturbed consciousness."	5.33	Severe thiamine deficiency resulted in Wernicke's encephalopathy in a chronic dialysis patient. ( Iino, Y; Kaneko, T; Katayama, Y; Mii, A; Saito, SK; Takada, D; Tsuzuku, Y; Ueda, K; Utsumi, K, 2006)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency that is frequently missed in non-alcoholic patients."	5.22	Fatal Wernicke's Encephalopathy with Cardiovascular Involvement in a Young Psychiatric Patient. ( Ahmad, S; Dunn, BK; Ikram, S, 2022)
"Thiamine deficiency can be misdiagnosed."	5.12	Non-alcoholic beriberi, Wernicke encephalopathy and long-term eating disorder: case report and a mini-review. ( Bianchi, G; Costantino, G; Farina, A; Mantero, V; Pozzetti, U; Rifino, N; Rigamonti, A; Ripolone, M; Salmaggi, A; Sciacco, M, 2021)
" Dialysis patients are at risk for thiamine deficiency, which may mimic many uremic complications, including encephalopathy."	5.09	Thiamine deficiency and unexplained encephalopathy in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. ( Chen, TW; Huang, TP; Hung, SC; Hung, SH; Tarng, DC; Yang, WC, 2001)
"To offer an estimate of the incidence of anaphylactic reactions to parenteral products containing thiamine used in the treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and make recommendations."	5.01	Incidence of Adverse Reactions to Parenteral Thiamine in the Treatment of Wernicke's Encephalopathy, and Recommendations. ( Guerrini, I; Marshall, EJ; Thomson, A, 2019)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff psychosis (KP), together termed Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), are distinct yet overlapping neuropsychiatric disorders associated with thiamine deficiency."	4.98	Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis. ( 't Jong, GW; Bhardwaj, A; Chandrakumar, A, 2018)
" We reviewed 13 patients (median age, 27 years; 5 men) with clear histories of thiamine deficiency and symptoms of typical WE."	4.95	Epileptic seizures in nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a case report and literature review. ( Chen, H; Chen, X; Hong, H; Li, X; Shang, W; Tang, S, 2017)
"Thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1) is common in patients with alcohol dependence."	4.95	[Thiamine (vitamin B1) treatment in patients with alcohol dependence]. ( Dervaux, A; Laqueille, X, 2017)
"Thiamine deficiency can lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), an acute and potentially life-threatening neurological disorder."	4.95	High-dose Parenteral Thiamine in Treatment of Wernicke's Encephalopathy: Case Series and Review of the Literature. ( Nishimoto, A; Twilla, J; Usery, J; Winton, JC, 2017)
"- Patients with alcohol use disorder frequently have a thiamine deficiency."	4.95	[Thiamine in patients with alcohol use disorder and Wernicke's encephalopathy]. ( Bekema, JK; Brinkman, DJ; Dekker, MJ; Kuijenhoven, MA; van Agtmael, MA; Wijnia, JW, 2017)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurologic condition resulting from thiamine deficiency."	4.93	Nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Clift, F; Rogers, P; Welsh, A, 2016)
" Precipitants included a hypermetabolic state in the background of subacute thiamine deficiency."	4.91	Palliative treatment of thiamine-related encephalopathy (Wernicke's encephalopathy) in cancer: A case series and review of the literature. ( Breitbart, W; Hatzoglou, V; Hsu, AJ; Isenberg-Grzeda, E; Nelso, C, 2015)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute, reversible neuropsychiatric emergency due to thiamine deficiency."	4.90	Thiamine in the treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in patients with alcohol use disorders. ( Dore, G; Latt, N, 2014)
"Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a condition with high morbidity and mortality and occurs as a consequence of thiamine deficiency."	4.89	[Diagnostics and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome patients with an alcohol abuse]. ( Nilsson, M; Sonne, C, 2013)
"The prevailing teaching in medical school curricula and in medical textbooks is that if thiamine deficiency is suspected, thiamine supplementation should be given before administering glucose."	4.88	Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. ( Kuo, D; Schabelman, E, 2012)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."	4.87	[Wernicke's encephalopathy in chronic alcoholics]. ( Blöndal, H; Kjartansson, Ó; Ólafsson, E; Thórarinsson, BL, 2011)
" Severe thiamine deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome."	4.87	Wernicke's encephalopathy: a preventable cause of maternal death. ( Arambage, K; Jayakody, K; Wedisinghe, L, 2011)
" The cause of Wernicke's encephalopathy is thiamine deficiency as a result of any nutritionally deficient state, though many physicians erroneously consider this disease to be confined only to alcoholics."	4.84	Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know. ( Donnino, MW; Miller, J; Vega, J; Walsh, M, 2007)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neuropsychiatric condition due to thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1) most commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse."	4.82	[Prevalence, prophylaxis and treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine, how much and how do we give it?]. ( Daeppen, JB; Meier, S, 2005)
" On the third day of thiamine replacement, neurologic signs improved dramatically In addition to our case, we review 29 previously reported cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, and emphasize the importance of thiamine supplementation to women with prolonged vomiting in pregnancy especially if they are given intravenous or parenteral nutrition."	4.81	Wernicke's encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum: an under-recognised condition. ( Mutluer, N; Togay-Işikay, C; Yiğit, A, 2001)
" The three principal factors are: alcohol specific neurotoxicity, associated vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) and liver failure secondary to alcoholic cirrhosis."	4.79	An introduction to alcohol-induced brain damage and its causes. ( Harper, C; Kril, J, 1994)
"There is increasing evidence for the role of thiamine deficiency in ethanol neurotoxicity and in development of alcoholic organic brain disorders other than Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [WKS] and cerebellar degeneration."	4.79	Thiamine utilization in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain damage. ( Martin, PR; McCool, BA; Pekovich, SR; Singleton, CK; Whetsell, WO, 1994)
" The classic triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia (or nystagmus) and ataxia may be absent, and the history of alcohol abuse or other causes of thiamine deficiency may be unknown."	4.78	Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Lindberg, MC; Oyler, RA, 1990)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency."	4.31	Is there a time window for MRI in Wernicke encephalopathy - a decade of experience from a tertiary hospital. ( Almeida-Xavier, S; Lopes, M; Silva, AR; Soares-Fernandes, JP; Sousa, F; Varanda, S, 2023)
"Despite increasing reports of thiamine deficiency (TD) among cancer patients, there remain some patients with borderline thiamine concentrations (BTC)."	4.31	Can depressed cancer patients with a borderline thiamine concentration develop deficiency within a short time period? ( Ishida, M; Ito, H; Mizunuma, N; Onishi, H; Onizawa, N; Sato, I; Sato, R; Uchida, N; Yoshioka, A, 2023)
"The multisystem complications seen in severe thiamine deficiency can delay timely administration of high-dose thiamine, particularly in pregnancy, in which the classic triad of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may not raise clinical suspicion due to rapid progression of neurological sequelae in this population."	4.31	Fetal demise and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum: a case report. ( Becker, M; DeSimone, A; Lopez-Pastrana, J; Olmsted, A, 2023)
"In sub-Saharan Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe malnutrition in elderly populations with the appearance of vitamin deficiencies, in particular thiamine responsible for Gayet Wernicke's encephalopathy (EGW)."	4.31	GAYET WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY AFTER COVID-19 IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: STUDY OF SIX (6) OBSERVATIONS IN CONAKRY. ( Camara, D; Cisse, A; Cisse, FA; Condé, K; Conde, S; Diakité, M; Diallo, MS; Diallo, SM; Kadji, JM; Kassa, DF; Lamah, E; Millimono, V; Othon, GC; Sakadi, F; Touré, A; Touré, ML, 2023)
"We found no cases of Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) and only one case of thiamine deficiency."	4.31	Further evidence of relationship between thiamine blood level and cognition in chronic alcohol-dependent adults: Prospective Pilot Study of an inpatient detoxification with oral supplementation protocol. ( Bonnet, U; Claus, BB; McAnally, H; Pohlmann, L, 2023)
" Thiamine deficiency was suspected as thiamine stores in the body are depleted within about 18 days and her loss of appetite had continued for 5 months."	4.12	Wernicke encephalopathy in a caregiver: A serious physical issue resulting from stress in a family member caring for an advanced cancer patient. ( Hamaguchi, T; Horita, Y; Ishida, M; Mihara, Y; Onishi, H; Sato, I; Uchida, N; Yoshioka, A, 2022)
" The underlying cause is thiamine deficiency, which may be due to multiple aetiologies."	4.12	Wernicke's encephalopathy secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum: A clinical challenge. ( Kiani, SS; Mehreen, T, 2022)
"It is generally recommended to administer thiamine treatment prior to glucose in patients with suspected thiamine deficiency."	4.12	Identification of Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Patient Presenting With Altered Mental Status and Dehydration. ( Brockman, T; Hernandez, L; Mehta, T, 2022)
" Laboratory results were notable for thiamine deficiency, which in context of the radiographic and physical examination findings, confirmed a diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy."	4.12	Cystic fibrosis associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy in an older adult. ( Goodman, EL; Koh, SW; Vijayavel, N, 2022)
"Retrospective review of 6 women who developed neurological abnormalities following hyperemesis gravidarum and were treated with varying dosage of parenteral thiamine."	4.12	Atypical neurological manifestations in Wernicke's encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Divya, MB; Jha, AK; Jha, N; Kubera, NS; Thabah, MM, 2022)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that results from untreated severe thiamine deficiency, frequently described as a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion."	4.02	Visual Disturbances in a Grave's Disease Patient After Sleeve Gastrectomy. ( Abdalla, A; Ahmed, M; Inman, KL; Palmer, G, 2021)
"Despite the fact that both thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) have been observed to some degree in cancer patients, such cases of TD and/or WE reported to date have all been diagnosed after the initiation of treatment."	4.02	Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by pretreatment evaluation in an esophageal cancer patient. ( Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Sato, I; Yoshioka, A, 2021)
"Thiamine deficiency (TD) is frequently suspected and treated at our hospital."	4.02	Infantile thiamine deficiency: Redefining the clinical patterns. ( Ahmad, K; Akram, M; Bashir, A; Bhat, AS; Qureshi, U; Qureshi, UA; Wani, NA, 2021)
" This was initially suspected to be Guillain-Barre syndrome but subsequently found to be the motor neuropathy of dry beriberi (vitamin B1, thiamine deficiency) along with associated Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE)."	4.02	Wernicke's encephalopathy post hyperemesis gravidarum misdiagnosed as Guillain-Barre syndrome: lessons for the frontline. ( Jacob, A; Kirty, K; Sarda, Y; Venugopala, D, 2021)
"Thiamine deficiency is an uncommon cause of severe illness in the United States that can lead to significant morbidity because of high-output cardiac failure, peripheral neuropathy, and permanent neurologic impairment."	4.02	A BERIBERI UNHEALTHY LATTE: ENCEPHALOPATHY AND SHOCK FROM SEVERE NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY. ( Coyne, C; Hayden, SR; Lafree, A; Lasoff, D; Self, M; Signorelli, J; Wardi, G, 2021)
"When delirium occurs in cancer patients undergoing home treatment, it is necessary to suspect thiamine deficiency as a potential cause, as appropriate diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible brain-related sequelae."	4.02	Wernicke encephalopathy in a lung cancer patient receiving home medical care. ( Ishida, M; Itami, K; Ito, H; Onishi, H; Onizawa, N; Sato, I; Uchida, N; Yoshioka, A, 2021)
" During the hospitalization other comploication of low thiamine appeared such as wet beriberi."	3.96	Wernicke's encephalopathy, refeeding syndrome and wet beriberi after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: the importance of thiamine evaluation. ( Bugiardini, E; Colombo, C; Dadone, V; De Toni Franceschini, L; Iaccarino, L; Pacei, F, 2020)
" Subsequent treatment with thiamine led to rapid improvement in the patient's clinical status and a favorable course of pregnancy."	3.96	Wernicke encephalopathy-a rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Gmitterová, K; Klepancová, P; Smetanová, V; Vyskočil, M; Žigrai, M, 2020)
"Thiamine deficiency can cause encephalopathy (Wernicke) and lactic acidosis."	3.96	Wernicke Encephalopathy and Lactic Acidosis in Thiamine Deficiency. ( Besci, T; Evren, G; Köroðlu, TF, 2020)
"Wernicke´s encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurologic disorder secondary to thiamine deficiency."	3.96	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with late-onset enterocolic fistula after bariatric surgery. ( Junquera Alonso, E; Seoane Blanco, L; Vargas González, CA, 2020)
"Wernicke`s encephalopathy (WE) is a coenzyme-induced disease with acute neuropsychiatric symptoms leading to high mortality and morbidity due to thiamine deficiency."	3.96	Wernicke`s encephalopathy manifesting with diplopia after ileojejunostomy: report of a pediatric case with Hirschsprung disease. ( Cansu, A; Dilber, B; Eyüboğlu, İ; Kamaşak, T; Kola, M; Sağ, E; Saruhan, H; Uysal, AT; Yalçın, S, 2020)
"Although thiamine deficiency (TD) and Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) are not rare in cancer patients, the cases reported to date developed TD and/or WE after treatment had started."	3.91	Subclinical thiamine deficiency identified by preoperative evaluation in an ovarian cancer patient: Diagnosis and the need for preoperative thiamine measurement. ( Akechi, T; Fujiwara, K; Hasegawa, K; Ishida, M; Nishikawa, T; Onishi, H; Shintani, D; Uchida, N, 2019)
" This was a diagnostic dilemma until an MRI brain revealed symmetrical signal abnormality and enhancement in the periaqueductal area indicative of Wernicke's encephalopathy, caused by thiamine deficiency from poor nutrition."	3.91	Starvation-induced diplopia and weakness: a case of beriberi and Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Aung, T; Chan Chung, C; Lim, KC; Tan, TXZ, 2019)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an uncommon neurological complication in pregnancies complicated with hyperemesis due to thiamine deficiency."	3.91	Complete recovery in Wernicke's encephalopathy complicating hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Aneja, T; Barathi, D; Chaturvedula, L; Keepanasseril, A; Nair, PP, 2019)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an unexpected common neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency often due to alcohol abuse, but WE-not alcohol related is also frequent."	3.88	Wernicke's encephalopathy following reduced food intake due to depressive disorders. ( Avolio, C; Carapelle, E; Cologno, D; Lalla, A; Martino, T; Melchionda, D, 2018)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency."	3.88	Wernicke encephalopathy without delirium in patients with cancer. ( Akechi, T; Furuya, D; Ikebuchi, K; Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Taji, Y; Takahashi, T; Tanahashi, I, 2018)
" Without apparent etiology of shock, this patient remained hypotensive for 9 days, requiring a vasopressor, despite daily administration of thiamine 600 mg."	3.88	Prolonged hypotension associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Kuriyama, A; Maeda, H; Tanaka, T, 2018)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, and is sometimes overlooked because of the diversity of clinical symptoms."	3.88	Wernicke encephalopathy without delirium that appeared as agitation in a patient with lung cancer. ( Akechi, T; Furuya, D; Ikebuchi, K; Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Taji, Y; Takahashi, T; Uchida, N, 2018)
"Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) may be a risk factor for thiamine deficiency."	3.88	Progressive supranuclear palsy responding to intravenous thiamine: superimposed Wernicke's encephalopathy? ( Joshi, H; Patel, J; Prakash, S, 2018)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a rare neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, characterised by ocular motor dysfunction, ataxia and impairment in consciousness."	3.85	Wernickeâ€™s encephalopathy associated with liver abscess. ( Garg, V; Verma, R, 2017)
"Intravenous administration of thiamine resulted in recovery from the delirium within three days."	3.83	Early detection and successful treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with advanced carcinoma of the external genitalia during chemotherapy. ( Akechi, T; Fujiwara, K; Ikebuchi, K; Ishida, M; Onishi, H; Taji, Y; Tanahashi, I; Toyama, H, 2016)
"Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a medical emergency caused by thiamine deficiency, characterized by cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and cognitive disturbances that may progress to Korsakoff amnesia."	3.83	Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Wernicke Encephalopathy: Report of 2 Cases. ( Barletta, L; Castellan, L; Fancellu, R; Infante, MT; Murialdo, A; Serrati, C, 2016)
" We report a patient with Wernicke encephalopathy, a B1 deficiency and pellagra, a niacin deficiency."	3.81	Wernicke encephalopathy and pellagra in an alcoholic and malnourished patient. ( Kinoshita, K; Taguchi, S; Terada, N; Tokuda, Y, 2015)
" Although WE is commonly viewed in the context of alcoholism, it can be caused by thiamine deficiency secondary to persistent vomiting."	3.81	Encephalopathy after persistent vomiting: Three cases of non-alcohol-related Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Antel, K; Chisholm, B; Heckmann, JM; Singh, N, 2015)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute, potentially life-threatening, neurological syndrome resulting from thiamine deficiency."	3.80	[Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by the use of diet pills and unbalanced diet]. ( Aradi, G; Arányi, Z; Bereczki, D; Tóth, A; Várallyay, G; Vastagh, I, 2014)
" Given the low risk and cost of BAL testing and thiamine prophylaxis and the high cost of delirium, standard protocols for prophylaxis are essential."	3.80	Prevention of delirium in trauma patients: are we giving thiamine prophylaxis a fair chance? ( Ball, CG; Blackmore, C; Kirkpatrick, AW; Niven, D; Ouellet, JF, 2014)
"This patient illustrates that eating disorders can be an uncommon cause of rapidly progressive paresthesias, weakness, and neurological decline due to thiamine deficiency."	3.80	Thiamine deficiency secondary to anorexia nervosa: an uncommon cause of peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in adolescence. ( Evans, PA; Marin-Valencia, I; Renthal, W, 2014)
" Since Wernicke's encephalopathy is induced by thiamine deficiency, investigations were conducted to probe possible mechanisms through which fedratinib may lead to a thiamine-deficient state."	3.80	The Janus kinase 2 inhibitor fedratinib inhibits thiamine uptake: a putative mechanism for the onset of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Behshad, E; Boer, J; Burn, T; Collier, P; Diamond, S; Gardiner, C; Harris, JJ; Hollis, G; Li, Y; Liu, P; Rupar, M; Wynn, R; Yeleswaram, S; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2014)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is rare in children and is caused by thiamine deficiency."	3.80	Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency after surgery on a child with duodenal stenosis. ( Akkuş, PZ; Arslan, EA; Ekinci, S; Göçmen, R; Haliloğlu, G, 2014)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurological disorder resulting from thiamine deficiency mainly related to alcohol abuse."	3.80	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a malnourished surgical patient: a difficult diagnosis. ( Bonvecchio, C; Busani, S; Cautero, N; Gaspari, A; Girardis, M; Malagoli, M; Todeschini, A, 2014)
"Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic form of amnesia resulting from thiamine deficiency."	3.80	Need for early diagnosis of mental and mobility changes in Wernicke encephalopathy. ( Beuman, C; Bresser, EL; Gerridzen, IJ; Mulder, CL; Oudman, E; van de Wiel, A; Wijnia, JW, 2014)
"Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE)."	3.79	A novel scoring system to guide risk assessment of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Green, A; Parker, R; Williams, TM, 2013)
" A thorough physical examination was performed, and the patient had neurologic findings suggestive of severe thiamine deficiency."	3.78	Wernicke's encephalopathy presenting as acute psychosis after gastric bypass. ( Kepner, A; Walker, J, 2012)
"Wernicke encephalopathy secondary to thiamine deficiency should be considered as a possible cause of acute mental status changes in patients with acute pancreatitis and malnutrition."	3.78	Wernicke encephalopathy presenting in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis. ( Arana-Guajardo, AC; Cámara-Lemarroy, CR; Galarza-Delgado, DA; Góngora-Rivera, JF; Jáquez-Quintana, JO; Rendón-Ramírez, EJ, 2012)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a reversible neurological emergency caused by thiamine deficiency."	3.78	Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Delgado-García, S; Martín-Bayón, T; Martínez-Escoriza, JC; Palacios-Marqués, A, 2012)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a syndrome characterized by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion with thiamine deficiency."	3.76	[Familial Wernicke's-like encephalopathy]. ( Kono, S; Miyajima, H, 2010)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute disorder due to thiamine deficiency, characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and mental confusion, similar to that classically observed in alcoholism."	3.75	Wernicke's syndrome during parenteral feeding: not an unusual complication. ( Brocadello, F; Caregaro, L; Francini-Pesenti, F; Laroni, A; Manara, R; Santelli, L, 2009)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) or thiamine deficiency is fatal if left untreated."	3.75	[Case of infantile autism with pediatric Wernicke's encephalopathy due to severe eating disorder]. ( Aiba, H; Hirano, K; Okumura, Y; Watanabe, S; Yamakura, S, 2009)
" Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute, neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from thiamine deficiency, and has significant morbidity and mortality."	3.75	A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. ( Chang, HJ; Cho, IJ; Choi, MY; Lee, KE; Lee, SN; Mun, YC; Nam, EM; Seong, CM; Won, HS, 2009)
" A diagnosis of beriberi heart disease was made because of thiamine deficiency."	3.75	[Case of Wernicke's encephalopathy and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to vitamin deficiency showing changes in the bilateral corpus striatum and cardiac arrest due to beriberi heart disease]. ( Ishiko, T; Nanri, K; Saito, H; Taguchi, T; Takeguchi, M, 2009)
" It is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from thiamine deficiency often associated with repeated vomiting."	3.74	[Wernicke encephalopathy after subtotal gastrectomy for morbid obesity]. ( Brosset, C; Dion, AM; Gabaudan, C; La-Folie, T; Richez, P; Sagui, E; Soulier, B, 2008)
" All were assessed with the erythrocyte transketolase activity assay, wherein the extent of thiamine deficiency is expressed in percentage stimulation compared with baseline (thiamine pyrophosphate effect [TPPE])."	3.73	Outbreak of life-threatening thiamine deficiency in infants in Israel caused by a defective soy-based formula. ( Eshel, G; Fattal-Valevski, A; Globus, O; Hoffmann, C; Kesler, A; Mesterman, R; Nitzan-Kaluski, D; Rotstein, M; Sela, BA; Stolovitch, C; Toledano-Alhadef, H, 2005)
" Long fasting, hyperemesis and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without thiamine are main causes of thiamine deficiency in the course of pancreatitis."	3.73	Pancreatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in association with acute pancreatitis: a clinical study. ( Cheng, LF; Huang, XS; Liu, QS; Sun, GH; Yang, YS, 2006)
" We present a case of thiamine deficiency-induced coma associated with acute necrosis of fornices documented on CT and review cardinal neuroimaging features of Wernicke encephalopathy."	3.73	Computed tomography findings in thiamine deficiency-induced coma. ( St Louis, EK; Swenson, AJ, 2006)
"Malignancy-associated primary thiamine deficiency has been documented in several experimental tumors, clinical case reports, and in patients with fast growing malignancies."	3.73	Development of Wernicke encephalopathy in a terminally ill cancer patient consuming an adequate diet: a case report and review of the literature. ( Kawanishi, C; Okuno, S; Onishi, H; Yae, S, 2005)
"One of the life-threatening complications of hyperemesis gravidarum is Wernicke's encephalopathy, the main etiological factor of which is a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)."	3.72	[Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum (case report)]. ( Gleizniene, R; Kondrackiene, J; Obelieniene, D; Rastenyte, D, 2003)
" In the years 1994-1997, 9 patients with no history of alcohol abuse presented with acute signs of ophthalmoplegia or nystagmus and ataxia which resolved within 48 h after intravenous thiamine."	3.71	Thiamine-responsive acute neurological disorders in nonalcoholic patients. ( Frisher, S; Herishanu, Y; Ifergane, G; Merkin-Zaborsky, H; Valdman, S; Wirguin, I, 2001)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy, a serious neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, is most commonly found in chronic alcoholics."	3.71	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a non-alcoholic man: case report and brief review. ( Ameh, J; Hussain, SA; Munir, A; Rosner, F; Sondhi, D, 2001)
" Prior to overt cerebral invasion by NHL, she had a thiamine deficiency with very low thiamine concentrations in the CSF, probably caused by protracted vomiting and increased vitamin B1 consumption by intrathecal tumor cells."	3.70	Downbeat nystagmus caused by thiamine deficiency: an unusual presentation of CNS localization of large cell anaplastic CD 30-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ( Boerman, RH; Mattijssen, V; Mulder, AH; Raemaekers, JM, 1999)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder due to a nutritional deficiency of thiamine, characterized by ocular palsies, ataxia, and altered mental activity."	3.70	A common cause of altered mental status occurring at an uncommon age. ( Decker, MJ; Isaacman, DJ, 2000)
"Thiamine deficiency (TD) in rats produces lesions similar to those found in humans suffering from Wernicke's encephalopathy, an organic mental disorder associated with alcoholism."	3.69	In vivo localized proton NMR spectroscopy of thiamine-deficient rat brain. ( Holburn, GE; Lee, H; Martin, PR; Price, RR; Tarter, J; Weinstein, DD, 1995)
" We stress the importance of prescribing thiamine supplements to all women with prolonged vomiting during pregnancy."	3.69	Two pregnant women with vomiting and fits. ( Ginsberg, L; Rees, JH; Schapira, AH, 1997)
" In both patients acute Wernicke's encephalopathy was diagnosed, caused by thiamine deficiency."	3.69	[Eye paralysis and confusion]. ( Raasveld, MH; Romijn, JA, 1997)
" Using the erythrocyte transketolase activation assay, we now report biochemical evidence of thiamine deficiency in 9/39 (23%) of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex."	3.68	Thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy in AIDS. ( Bourgault, AM; Butterworth, RF; Gaudreau, C; Lamothe, F; Nutini, AM; Vincelette, J, 1991)
"An Indian man with Wernicke's encephalopathy had nystagmus, pupillary changes and confusion, but the unusual and prominent features in his presentation were marked dystonia and choreo-athetosis, which responded rapidly to thiamine."	3.67	Dystonia and choreo-athetosis in Wernicke's encephalopathy. A case report. ( Moodley, R; Rajput, MC; Seebaran, AR, 1989)
" Such groups attach no importance to eating, setting the stage for dietary neglect and thiamine deficiency of which the W-K syndrome may be the end result."	3.67	The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Queensland, Australia: antecedents and prevention. ( Price, J, 1985)
"The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, commonplace in Australia, might be prevented by the enrichment of alcoholic beverages with thiamine."	3.66	The attempted enrichment of beer with thiamine alkyl disulphides. ( Crane, S; Price, J, 1983)
" They were both affected by chronic gastropancreatic disease with pyloric stenosis and showed already subclinical thiamine deficiency."	3.66	[Wernicke's encephalopathy in chronic gastropancreatic disease with pyloric stenosis]. ( Bohnert, B, 1982)
" Another apparent metabolic cause of downbeat nystagmus is thiamine deficiency."	3.66	Downbeat nystagmus with magnesium depletion. ( Saul, RF; Selhorst, JB, 1981)
" Since thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor in the reaction, thiamine deficiency might be expected to result in tissue oxalosis."	3.65	Thiamine deficiency and oxalosis. ( Salyer, DC; Salyer, WR, 1974)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is an under-recognized life-threatening disease caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."	3.01	Non-alcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy mimicking neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a young woman: a case report and literature review. ( Chierici, E; Florindo, I; Minetti, M; Misirocchi, F; Mutti, C; Romano, S; Spallazzi, M; Zilioli, A; Zinno, L, 2023)
"We used as search terms (Wernicke encephalopathy) OR (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) AND (hyperemesis gravidarum) AND (pregnancy) AND (thiamin deficiency)."	3.01	When time is brain: a systematic review about Wernicke encephalopathy as a dramatic consequence of thiamin deficiency in hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Brunelli, E; Dapoto, F; Fiorentini, M; Nedu, B; Pilu, G; Youssef, A, 2023)
"We found 12 cases of WE and dysphagia, aged between 12 and 81 years; swallowing problems presented at the onset in nine patients (including the current case report)."	2.82	Wernicke Encephalopathy Presenting with Dysphagia: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. ( Cornea, A; Lata, I; Rosca, EC; Simu, M, 2022)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder which occurs due to thiamine deficiency and needs emergency treatment to prevent neurological morbidity and mortality."	2.82	Wernicke's encephalopathy in women with hyperemesis gravidarum - Case series and literature review. ( Anand, H; Boorugu, HK; Rane, MA; Ravishankar, U; Tarakeswari, S; Vadlamani, H, 2022)
"Thiamine treatment at suboptimal levels (7 of 10 cases) turned out to lead to residual cognitive deficits in three cases."	2.72	Wernicke's encephalopathy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. ( Oey, MJ; Oudman, E; Postma, A; van Dam, M; Wijnia, JW, 2021)
"Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a neurological disorder typically found in alcohol use disorder."	2.72	Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome despite no alcohol abuse: A summary of systematic reports. ( Oey, MJ; Oudman, E; Postma, A; van Dam, M; Wijnia, JW, 2021)
"BACKGROUND Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), a commonly misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed pathology, presents with altered mental status, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia."	2.66	Isolated Pulvinar/Hockey Stick Sign in Nonalcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy. ( Bansal, V; Khan, F; Sharma, N; Ud Din, M, 2020)
" Primary treatment includes timely administration of thiamine, for which the route and dosage remain controversial."	2.61	Wernicke Encephalopathy-Clinical Pearls. ( Kataria, A; Kolla, BP; Loukianova, LL; Sinha, S; Thusius, N, 2019)
"If alcoholic ketoacidosis is suspected, dextrose-containing fluids are recommended over normal saline."	2.53	Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU. ( Adkins, DA; Cook, AM; Flannery, AH, 2016)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a critical condition of neurological dysfunction resulting from a deficiency in thiamine."	2.52	Malnutrition-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy following a water-only fasting diet. ( Hutcheon, DA, 2015)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."	2.50	Wernicke encephalopathy in children and adolescents. ( Desai, J; Lallas, M, 2014)
"The dramatic paradox of Wernicke's encephalopathy is that in most cases it is difficult to detect, but early diagnosed cases are quite easy to cure."	2.49	[Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis: clinical-pathophysiological correlation, diagnostics and treatment]. ( Damulin, IV; Sivolap, IuP, 2013)
"However, Wernicke encephalopathy (cerebral Beriberi), a clinical manifestation of thiamine deficiency, has rarely been associated with cancer patients."	2.44	Wernicke encephalopathy complicating lymphoma therapy: case report and literature review. ( Boniol, S; Boyd, M; Burton, GV; Koreth, R, 2007)
"Although Wernicke encephalopathy has been reported in the oncological literature, it has not previously been reported in postoperative cancer patients."	2.43	Wernicke encephalopathy presented in the form of postoperative delirium in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis: a case report and review of the literature. ( Kawanishi, C; Onishi, H; Onose, M; Sugimasa, Y, 2005)
"Thiamine is a helper molecule (i."	2.42	The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease. ( Hiller-Sturmhöfel, S; Martin, PR; Singleton, CK, 2003)
"We describe a patient with acute Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) in whom diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) were helpful for early diagnosis."	2.42	[Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings at early stage of acute Wernicke encephalopathy]. ( Hashimoto, T; Kihara, M; Kusunoki, S; Mitui, Y; Takahashi, M; Ueda, H, 2004)
"Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is usually caused by multiple sclerosis, tumors, or vascular lesions of the brain stem."	2.41	Unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and recovery with thiamine in Wernicke syndrome. ( Kumar, PD; Nartsupha, C; West, BC, 2000)
"Alcohol abuse is one of the most serious problems in public health and the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is one of the gravest consequences of alcoholism."	2.40	Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ( Fernandes, JG; Rodnight, R; Zubaran, C, 1997)
"Beriberi was the first disease to be associated with thiamin deficiency, and Wernicke's encephalopathy was shown to respond to thiamin treatment a few years later."	2.40	[Thiamine treatment today]. ( Bovim, G; Tallaksen, CM, 1998)
"Because Wernicke's encephalopathy is suspected to be underdiagnosed in children, the authors wished to assess the frequency of overlooked diagnosis and to establish pertinent findings that could lead to early identification of pediatric Wernicke's encephalopathy."	2.40	Early diagnosis of pediatric Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Berditchevsky, CR; Domingues, RC; Silva, AF; Silva, KP; Vasconcelos, MM; Vidal, G, 1999)
"Two rare cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in non-alcoholic patients on hemodialysis (HD) are reported."	2.40	Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with hemodialysis: report of two cases and review of the literature. ( Ihara, M; Ito, T; Nishimura, Y; Yanagihara, C, 1999)
"A 27-year-old woman developed Wernicke's encephalopathy in the 18th week of her pregnancy after 11 weeks of vomiting accompanied by weight loss of 21 kg and moderately abnormal liver function tests."	2.39	Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: association with abnormal liver function. ( Barkai, G; Farfel, Z; Hassin, D; Mouallem, M; Rotman, P, 1994)
"Two children with osteosarcoma are presented in whom Wernicke encephalopathy with vomiting occurred during the chemotherapy."	2.38	[Wernicke encephalopathy in childhood osteosarcoma]. ( Kálmánchey, R; Koós, R; Magyarossi, E; Majtényi, K, 1992)
"Extremely rare cases of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) can involve sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)."	1.91	A Case of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Wernicke Encephalopathy. ( Arivoli, K; Benvenuto, A; Stucken, E, 2023)
"Only a few cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy after sleeve gastrectomy have been reported in the literature, nonetheless, subjects can be underdiagnosed, and their cases can be underreported."	1.91	A Case of Wernicke's Encephalopathy After Sleeve Gastrectomy. ( Bariani, M; Da Prato, G; Gremes, V; Sani, E; Valletta, F; Zenti, MG, 2023)
"Thiamine plays a special role in the body as a coenzyme necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins."	1.91	The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. ( Dragan, G; Majsterek, I; Mrowicka, M; Mrowicki, J, 2023)
"Thiamine deficiency was later confirmed."	1.91	Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Pediatric Patient with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Rare Presentation of Thiamine Deficiency. ( Basouny, N; Khvolis, D; Lee, A; McFarlane-Ferreira, Y; Spigos, J, 2023)
"Despite guidelines and recommendations, Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) treatment lacks evidence, leading to clinical practice variability."	1.91	Treatment variability and its relationships to outcomes among patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy: A multicenter retrospective study. ( Alvela-Suárez, L; Antolí-Royo, AC; Antúnez-Jorge, E; Castro, J; Chamorro, AJ; Felipe-Pérez, NC; Fernández-Rial, Á; Fernández-Rodríguez, CM; Fernández-Solá, J; Fidalgo-Navarro, A; Gomila-Grange, A; López-Castro, J; Machado-Prieto, B; Marcos, M; Martín-González, MC; Mateos-Díaz, AM; Medina-García, JA; Monte-Secades, R; Muga, R; Novo-Veleiro, I; Polvorosa-Gómez, MA; Prada-González, C; Puerta-Louro, R; Rosón-Hernández, B; Sabio-Repiso, P; Sanvisens-Bergé, A; Seco-Hernández, E; Suárez-Cuervo, C; Valle-Sánchez, MD; Vázquez-Vigo, R, 2023)
"We report a case of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) in a woman in her 20s who had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for severe obesity, which resulted in a severe depletion of the patient's thiamine reserve and development of WE syndrome, we also emphasise the importance of prompt diagnosis of this serious complication in addition to the importance of adequate therapy."	1.72	Wernicke encephalopathy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a young patient. ( Al Sbihi, A; Chaudhary, AJ; Kalbi, D; Parekh, H, 2022)
"The diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy in our patient is based on increased thiamine requirement due to pregnancy, nystagmus, low transketolase level, and reversal of symptoms after thiamine replacement."	1.72	Wernicke encephalopathy with epileptic seizures during pregnancy. ( Beckmann, Y; Mengi, T, 2022)
"MRI suggested Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) without any history of alcohol misuse."	1.72	Wernicke's encephalopathy in advanced cancer. ( Brown, S; Hutt-Williams, S, 2022)
" Thiamine supplements combined with glucocorticoids may be a good administration regimen."	1.72	Wernicke encephalopathy with extensive cortical lesions combined with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ( Feng, Y; Li, X; Long, X, 2022)
"She diagnosed Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with gastrointestinal transit disorder."	1.72	[A Case of Wernicke Encephalopathy with Ileus by Small Intestinal Cancer]. ( Hara, T; Hasegawa, J; Hata, T; Imamoto, H; Kim, Y; Okano, M; Takayama, O; Tanizaki, K, 2022)
"Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric emergency due to thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1), secondary to several factors."	1.62	[Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with normal thiamine level: a case report]. ( Berhoumi, AE; Chbani, K; Doumiri, M; Labied, M; Laoudiyi, D; Lhajoui, H; Ouzidane, L; Salam, S, 2021)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is a potentially life-threatening neurologic syndrome caused by acute thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."	1.62	Reversible Wernicke encephalopathy caused by hyperemesis gravidarum in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report. ( Chaabane, K; Chelly, H; Hakim, H; Halima, SB; Jdidia, NB; Kebaili, S; Koubaa, I, 2021)
"Non-alcoholic Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) is an overlooked complication of malnourishment in all its forms including undernutrition, inadequate vitamine intake and endocrinological diseases."	1.62	Apathetic encephalopathy in thyreotoxicosis: an unsual cause of wernicke encephalopathy and osmotic demyelinating syndrome. ( Ciliento, R; Florindo, I; Mutti, C; Parrino, L; Pavesi, G; Zinno, L, 2021)
"Thiamine is an essential cofactor in the process of nucleic acid synthesis."	1.62	Case of hypoactive delirium precipitated by thiamine deficiency. ( Hetzel, F; Husnain, MG; Stiff, KM; Truong, T, 2021)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological emergency that should be treated immediately with high-dose intravenous thiamine for a week, if suspected."	1.62	[Orientation disorder, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia in a 48-year-old male]. ( Dams, L; Krämer, M, 2021)
"MRI confirmed the diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE)."	1.62	Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Hor, ESL; Omar, NA; Russell, V; Singh, GP, 2021)
"Thiamine was found to degrade regardless of the PN admixture composition and storage conditions."	1.56	Stability of high-dose thiamine in parenteral nutrition for treatment of patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Gostyńska, A; Jelińska, A; Ogrodowczyk, M; Olijarczyk, R; Stawny, M, 2020)
"Then a diagnosis of Wernick-Korsakoff syndrome was considered."	1.56	[The 473rd case: renal failure, abdominal pain, and mental abnormality]. ( Chen, G; Chen, LM; Li, XM, 2020)
"Cerebral infarction is a neurological disease, patients with cerebral infarction may show symptoms such as disturbance of consciousness and gait instability, which is difficult to differentiate from WE."	1.56	Wernicke's encephalopathy due to malnutrition and parenteral nutrition in a patient with cerebral infarction: A case report. ( Fan, H; Lian, X; Sun, P; Wu, M; Zhang, Y, 2020)
"A final diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy was supported by his clinical course, imaging findings, and further confirmation with blood thiamine levels."	1.56	Vision loss, gaze palsy, and nystagmus in a patient with leukemia. ( Greer, C; Jung, EE; Patel, VR, 2020)
"Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder resulting from deficiency of thiamine, commonly related to chronic abuse of alcohol, but frequently missed or overlooked as a diagnosis when a nonalcoholic patient presents with atypical signs and symptoms of the disease."	1.56	A Case Report of Nonalcoholic Gayet-Wernicke Encephalopathy: Don't Miss Thiamine. ( Jain, A; Jain, K; Khera, T; Singh, J, 2020)
"Worsening WE may lead to Korsakoff syndrome(KS), in which cognitive impairments such as confabulation and memory deficits and also psychiatric symptoms may occur."	1.56	From psychosis to Wernicke encephalopathy: a case of hunger strike in prison. ( Akkişi Kumsar, N; Aktaş, S; Durmaz, O, 2020)
"A diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) was made and intravenous thiamine was given leading to gradual improvement of symptoms."	1.56	Lessons of the month: Not just morning sickness. ( Tong, CV, 2020)
"A week after admission, he developed double vision and unsteady gait."	1.51	Case of non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Haley, M; Meena, S; Theodoreson, MD; Zykaite, A, 2019)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is a condition in which thiamine deficiency causes cognitive dysfunction, ataxia and eye motor abnormalities."	1.51	[Bilateral loss of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex in Wernicke encephalopathy - a specific and early clinical sign]. ( Karlberg, M; Salzer, J; Zizka, J, 2019)
"Thiamine was administered immediately after completion of the MRI, and the patients' hearing and other abnormal neurologic signs improved rapidly within a few days, except for the absence of the deep tendon reflex."	1.48	[A case of Wernicke encephalopathy with hypoacusia and MR high intensity of the inferior colliculi that normalized after thiamine administration]. ( Hamanaka, M; Imai, K; Mizuno, T; Nakamura, T; Yamada, T; Yamazaki, H, 2018)
"This report describes a case of Wernicke encephalopathy developing in a patient with brid ileus and receiving total parenteral nutrition after partial ileal bypass surgery."	1.48	A Case of Wernicke Encephalopathy Developing After Ileal Bypass Surgery. ( Cansu, A; Kamaşak, T; Kul, S; Ozgun, N; Tuşat, M, 2018)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy was suspected and the patient was given vitamin B1, whereupon her symptoms gradually improved."	1.48	Wernicke's encephalopathy after cardiac surgery. ( Nishimura, Y, 2018)
"To make through introduction of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in terms of clinical characteristics, diagnostic process and treatment."	1.48	[Four Cases of Wernicke's Encephalopathy Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation]. ( Cheng, HY; Gu, JY; Wang, JB; Xue, S; Yin, YM; Yuan, L; Zhang, WJ, 2018)
"Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of migraine may lead to mild to moderate thiamine deficiency and WE."	1.43	Chronic Migraine Responding to Intravenous Thiamine: A Report of Two Cases. ( Kumar Singh, A; Prakash, S; Rathore, C, 2016)
"The treatment is thiamine suppletion."	1.42	[Wernicke encephalopathy]. ( Bloemkolk, D; Djelantik, M; Tijdink, J, 2015)
"Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin."	1.42	A Rare Complication Developing After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Wernicke's Encephalopathy. ( Boğa, C; Demir, Ş; Gereklioğlu, Ç; Korur, A; Özdoğu, H; Solmaz, S; Tan, M; Yeral, M, 2015)
"Wernicke's Encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that can be seen in both alcohol abusers and non-alcoholic population as a result of thiamine deficiency."	1.42	A non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy case with atypical MRI findings: Clinic versus radiology. ( Alpaydin, S; Calli, C; Celebisoy, N; Guler, A; Sirin, H, 2015)
"These findings were compatible with Wernicke's encephalopathy."	1.40	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with gastric carcinoma: a diagnosis not to miss. ( Kudru, CU; Nagiri, SK; Rao, S, 2014)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy was diagnosed based on the presence of classic symptoms and the findings on magnetic resonance imaging."	1.39	Wernicke's encephalopathy that developed during the introduction period of peritoneal dialysis. ( Abe, Y; Ifuku, M; Ito, K; Nakashima, H; Nakashima, Y; Ogahara, S; Saito, T; Sasatomi, Y; Shirakawa, A; Tsuboi, Y; Tsugawa, J; Yasunaga, T, 2013)
"Oral biotin and thiamine were started, and symptoms improved dramatically the next day."	1.39	Treatable Leigh-like encephalopathy presenting in adolescence. ( Carr, LJ; Chong, WK; DeVile, CJ; Fassone, E; Rahman, S; Wedatilake, Y, 2013)
"Thiamine treatment (1,000 mg/day, div) attenuated neurological deficits."	1.38	Rapid development of central pontine myelinolysis after recovery from Wernicke encephalopathy: a non-alcoholic case without hyponatremia. ( Hirayama, T; Ikeda, K; Iwasaki, Y; Kawabe, K; Kishimoto, Y; Murata, K, 2012)
"Furthermore, Wernicke's encephalopathy is not infrequent and can develop at any age during HSCT."	1.38	Two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy in young age patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ( Han, JW; Jung, WJ; Kwon, SY; Lim, S; Lyu, CJ; Park, HJ; Shin, HS, 2012)
"A 33-year-old woman with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) due to poor oral intake after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia showed a sequential development of bilateral gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN), rightward gaze palsy, and upbeat nystagmus."	1.38	Evolution of abnormal eye movements in Wernicke's encephalopathy: correlation with serial MRI findings. ( Kim, JS; Kim, K; Lee, YB; Park, HM; Park, KH; Shin, DH; Shin, DJ, 2012)
"In literature potentially fatal Wernicke's encephalopathy onset in an advanced achalasia has been previously reported only once."	1.38	A case of vomiting in an anorexic achalasic patient. ( Cafarotti, S; Cesario, A; Gabrielli, M; Gasbarrini, A; Granone, P; Lococo, F; Margaritora, S; Scarpellini, E; Tortora, A, 2012)
"Thiamine levels were selectively related to memory performance in the alcoholics."	1.37	Signs of preclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy and thiamine levels as predictors of neuropsychological deficits in alcoholism without Korsakoff's syndrome. ( Jackson, K; Pfefferbaum, A; Pitel, AL; Rosenbloom, MJ; Sassoon, SA; Sullivan, EV; Zahr, NM, 2011)
"Thiamine levels were low in 3/6 and normal in 3/6 cases."	1.37	[Wernicke's encephalopathy in non-alcoholic patients: a series of 8 cases]. ( Campdelacreu, J; Delgado, T; Estela, J; García-Carreira, MC; Gascón-Bayarri, J; Martínez-Yélamos, S; Palasí, A; Reñé, R, 2011)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder, often caused by a lack of thiamine."	1.36	[Confusion, gait ataxia and ophthalmoplegia in a patient with chronic alcohol consumption]. ( Erb, S; Niemann, T; Ott, HW, 2010)
"A 75-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy treated with hemodialysis visited to a medical office because of slight fever, and received intravenous glucose infusion without any vitamins."	1.36	[Wernicke encephalopathy in a non-alcoholic patient with diabetic nephropathy under hemodialysis]. ( Kikuchi, S; Mochizuki, H; Moriya, A; Nakatani-Enomoto, S; Sugiura, Y; Ugawa, Y, 2010)
"Although Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a preventable and treatable disease it still often remains undiagnosed during life."	1.36	EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. ( Bråthen, G; Galvin, R; Hillbom, M; Ivashynka, A; Leone, MA; Tanasescu, R, 2010)
"In this case, the recurrence of encephalopathy with different causes made his clinical picture complex, and the follow-up findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were critically useful for the adequate diagnosis and timely management of the patient."	1.35	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. ( Hamaoka, K; Kobayashi, N; Morimoto, M; Nishida, M; Sato, H, 2009)
"Seven chronic alcoholics recovering from Wernicke's encephalopathy, 14 alcoholic comparisons without Wernicke's encephalopathy, and 14 healthy comparisons underwent functional connectivity MRI scans, as well as verbal and non-verbal memory tests after at least a 1 month abstinence from alcohol."	1.35	Mammillothalamic functional connectivity and memory function in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Jung, YC; Kim, E; Kim, JJ; Kim, SI; Ku, J; Lee, KS; Lee, SY; Lee, W; Namkoong, K; Park, JY, 2009)
"The authors report 13 cases of Gayet-Wernicke's encephalopathy observed in 13 patients of a refugee population."	1.35	[Gayet-Wernicke's encephalopathy. A study of 13 cases observed in a refugee population hospitalized at the Conakry Teaching Hospital]. ( Bangoura, SA; Barry, M; Camara, MI; Camara, N; Camara, OB; Cissé, A; Cissé, AF; Da Silva, L; Diallo, LL; Djigué, BS; Koné, S; Koumbassa, ML; Kourouma, S; Morel, Y; Soumah, D; Tafsir, D, 2008)
"The presence of Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis, suggests that metabolic decompensation is essential in the onset of the disease."	1.35	Wernicke encephalopathy in alcoholics with diabetic ketoacidosis. ( Chamorro, AJ; Garcia-Diez, LC; Luna, G; Marcos-Martin, M; Martin-Polo, J, 2009)
"We present a case of severe Wernicke's encephalopathy that developed in a male non-alcoholic inpatient that was precipitated by poor nutritional intake and development of thyrotoxicosis."	1.35	Thyrotoxicosis associated Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Bonucchi, J; Hassan, I; Kaboli, P; Policeni, B, 2008)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is considered a medical emergency and treatment consists of intravenous thiamine administration."	1.35	Atypical Wernicke's encephalopathy showing lesions in the cranial nerve nuclei and cerebellum. ( Motti, L; Zuccoli, G, 2008)
"This is a case series of patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy who had an arterial blood gas measurement performed on initial presentation."	1.34	Distinctive acid-base pattern in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Donnino, MW; Garcia, AJ; McKee, E; Miller, J; Walsh, M, 2007)
"To describe a case of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a 15-year-old female patient with anorexia nervosa--restricting type."	1.34	A case report of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a pediatric patient with anorexia nervosa--restricting type. ( Faircloth, VC; Levine, RL; Parvin, M; Peters, TE; Petersen, C, 2007)
"24 h later he developed acute bilateral blindness with no light perception, downbeat nystagmus, bilateral ocular abduction deficits, cerebellar ataxia as well as a slight psychomotor slowing and mild disorientation."	1.34	Sudden bilateral blindness in Wernicke's encephalopathy: case report and review of the literature. ( Beck, S; Niesen, WD; Rijntjes, M; Surges, R; Weiller, C, 2007)
"Wernicke encephalopathy is a rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum."	1.34	[Hyperemesis gravidarum: a rare cause of Wernicke encephalopathy]. ( Andreux, F; Hertig, A; Parraga, E; Phayphet, M; Rafat, C; Rondeau, E, 2007)
"While Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a well-characterized syndrome in alcoholism and malnutrition, little is written of its prevalence or presentation in patients with psychiatric illness."	1.34	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a Nigerian with schizophrenia. ( Kwajaffa, S; Salawu, F, 2007)
"We report a new case of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient who had hyperemesis gravidarum associated with signs and symptoms of dry and wet beriberi."	1.33	Thiamine deficiency and beriberi features in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Gentile, G; Indraccolo, U; Luzi, G; Pomili, G; Villani, C, 2005)
"A case of Wernicke's encephalopathy is reported."	1.33	Wernicke's encephalopathy: report of a case. ( Chotmongkol, V; Limpawattana, P, 2005)
"In 2003, an epidemic of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) developed in Israeli infants fed a thiamine-deficient soy-based formula."	1.33	Acute ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus in infants fed a thiamine-deficient formula: an epidemic of Wernicke encephalopathy. ( Avni, I; Hoffmann, C; Kesler, A; Morad, Y; Stolovitch, C, 2005)
"Clinically, we most often associate Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) with an alcohol abusing population."	1.33	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a patient with schizophrenia. ( Harrison, RA; Hunter, AJ; Vu, T, 2006)
"A 64-year-old male patient with diabetic nephropathy had been treated with maintenance hemodialysis therapy for 4 years, and had developed disturbed consciousness."	1.33	Severe thiamine deficiency resulted in Wernicke's encephalopathy in a chronic dialysis patient. ( Iino, Y; Kaneko, T; Katayama, Y; Mii, A; Saito, SK; Takada, D; Tsuzuku, Y; Ueda, K; Utsumi, K, 2006)
"A report of 33 years old female with Wernicke's encephalopathy is presented."	1.32	[Wernicke's encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum]. ( Breborowicz, GH; Jurga, S; Leśniak, P; Rabenda-Łacka, K; Radoch, Z; Wilczyński, J, 2003)
"The diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy has been based generally on history and clinical symptoms."	1.32	Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic adjunct to Wernicke encephalopathy in the ED. ( Chung, SP; Kim, SW; Lee, G; Lim, YS; Yoo, IS, 2003)
"In terminally ill cancer patients, clinicians must remain aware of the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy when patients with a poor nutritional status present with unexplained delirium."	1.32	Successful treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in terminally ill cancer patients: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. ( Kawanishi, C; Noda, K; Onishi, H; Onose, M; Saito, H; Yamada, T; Yoshida, A, 2004)
"Thiamine therapy was instigated on the basis of clinical intuition and the first patient achieved complete remission within 24 hours while the second improved gradually in that two years later only mild lower limb hypotonia and a slight cognitive deficit remains."	1.31	Wernicke's syndrome after bariatric surgery. ( Bonada, A; Cuatrecasas, G; Del Castillo, D; Formiguera, X; García-Lorda, P; Hernández, M; Olivé, JM; Salas-Salvadó, J, 2000)
"'Iatrogenic' Wernicke's encephalopathy has appeared to occur more frequently in Japan, probably induced by the change of our Japanese national health insurance policy in 1992."	1.31	'Iatrogenic' Wernicke's encephalopathy in Japan. ( Kokubun, Y; Mizutani, T; Shikata, E; Takasu, T, 2000)
"The syndrome of Wernicke's encephalopathy consists of two of four features of (1) dietary deficiency; (2) oculomotor abnormality; (3) cerebellar dysfunction; and (4) confusion or mild memory impairment."	1.31	Wernicke's encephalopathy following gastroplasty for morbid obesity. ( Toth, C; Voll, C, 2001)
"We report a child affected by Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), which was unsuspected clinically."	1.31	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a child: case report and MR findings. ( Ambrosetto, P; Carfagnini, F; Coe, M; Tani, G, 2001)
"Our two patients presented with Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) resulting from prolonged hyperemesis gravidarum."	1.31	Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. ( Ho, KH; Tan, JH, 2001)
"Twelve patients were identified."	1.31	Wernicke encephalopathy in nonalcoholic patients. ( Brick, J; Nestor, S; Ogershok, PR; Rahman, A, 2002)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is usually associated with alcohol abuse, but can also occur with hyperemesis gravidarum."	1.31	Hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Kuller, JA; Spruill, SC, 2002)
"The cause of this thyrotoxicosis has been clarified to closely it associate with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)."	1.30	Gestational thyrotoxicosis manifesting as wernicke encephalopathy: a case report. ( Hayakawa, N; Inoue, N; Kudo, T; Makino, H; Mimura, Y; Ogura, T; Otsuka, F; Tada, K; Yamauchi, T, 1997)
"Beriberi is the systemic counterpart of thiamine deficiency and often manifests in cardiovascular collapse."	1.30	Wernicke encephalopathy and beriberi during total parenteral nutrition attributable to multivitamin infusion shortage. ( Alcorn, DM; Bass, D; Berquist, W; Chamberlain, L; Hahn, JS, 1998)
"We present here 2 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy developed several years after total gastrectomy."	1.30	[Wernicke's encephalopathy developed several years after total gastrectomy. Report of 2 cases]. ( Arai, M; Awazu, N; Nara, K, 1997)
"He was diagnosed as Wernicke's encephalopathy and successfully treated with vitamin B1."	1.30	Successful treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy in a boy with acute mixed lineage leukemia. ( Honda, T; Ito, R; Nakahata, T; Onodera, N; Tanaka, H, 1998)
"The case of an 18-year-old woman with Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum is reported."	1.29	Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum, associated with bilateral caudate lesions on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. ( Ishii, A; Ohkoshi, N; Shoji, S, 1994)
"If doubt exists as to the presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy, then parenteral thiamine should be administered."	1.29	Wernicke's encephalopathy complicating schizophrenia. ( Parker, J; Spittle, B, 1993)
"A classic presentation of Wernicke's encephalopathy is reported."	1.29	Reversible neurological deficits in a chronic alcohol abuser: a case report of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Brady, W; DeBehnke, D; Guido, ME, 1994)
"Thiamine 100 mg/day was administered intravenously."	1.29	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ( Aso, K; Fukuda, M; Kojima, S; Matsuyama, T; Miyajima, Y; Shylaja, N, 1993)
"Three were alcohol abusers, and one had prolonged vomiting and anorexia."	1.29	Thiamin and thiamin phosphate ester deficiency assessed by high performance liquid chromatography in four clinical cases of Wernicke encephalopathy. ( Bell, H; Bøhmer, T; Tallaksen, CM, 1993)
"Alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy has been commonplace in Australia for many years and, as this syndrome is attributed to a deficiency in the diet, it should be preventable."	1.29	Preventing the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Australia: cost-effectiveness of thiamin-supplementation alternatives. ( Connelly, L; Price, J, 1996)
"Hypothermia is an exceptional symptom observed in MS and has been considered as resulting from hypothalamic demyelination; these two cases showed that WE which is another cause of reversible hypothermia, can be associated with MS."	1.28	Hypothermia, Wernicke encephalopathy and multiple sclerosis. ( Cesaro, D; Degos, JD; Geny, C; Pradat, PF; Walter, S; Yulis, J, 1992)
"Analysis of 22 ward admissions for Wernicke's encephalopathy during the same 8-month period revealed that the diagnosis is easily made when neurological deficits (ophthalmoplegia, ataxia) accompany mental changes and when Wernicke's encephalopathy is the predominant illness."	1.28	Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-related disease. ( Bramdev, A; Cooper, K; Naidoo, DP, 1991)
"Recognition of the cerebral beriberi with ophthalmoplegia as a leading symptom (Wernicke's encephalopathy) is easy."	1.28	[Cerebral beriberi with ophthalmoplegia as the leading symptom in an alcoholic patient]. ( Arányi, J, 1991)
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious neurological manifestation of vitamin B1 deficiency."	1.28	Persistent hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Connolly, R; Flannelly, G; Stronge, JM; Turner, MJ, 1990)
"Two patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy were evaluated with quantitative vestibulo-ocular reflex and ocular motor testing."	1.28	Vestibular responses in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Becker, JT; Furman, JM, 1989)
"The treatment by thiamine, pyridoxine and folic acid resulted in the disappearance, in 1 week, of the extra-ocular symptoms."	1.27	[Paralysis of vertical gaze as a sequela of Wernicke's encephalopathy]. ( Morel-Maroger, A, 1983)
"Two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy with severe hypothermia as a major presenting sign are reported."	1.27	[Hypothermia in Wernicke's encephalopathy]. ( Degos, JD; Mann, MW, 1987)
"The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a rare neurological disorder which strikes primarily alcoholics and is caused, at least in part, by insufficient bioavailability of thiamin."	1.27	Current progress toward the prevention of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ( Bishai, DM; Bozzetti, LP, 1986)
"A patient in whom coma was the presenting manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy is reported."	1.27	Coma as presenting manifestation of Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( De Keyser, J; Deleu, D; Ebinger, G; Solheid, C, 1985)
"Thirty-two cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy were admitted to hospital for treatment in a period of 33 months; this represented a relatively low incidence in total hospital admissions."	1.27	Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics and outcome. ( Breen, K; Currie, J; Wood, B, 1986)
"A case of coma due to Wernicke's encephalopathy complicated by respiratory failure is described."	1.27	Reversible coma in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Gibb, WR; Gorsuch, AN; Lees, AJ; Yudkin, JS, 1985)
"Thiamine was given in the dosage of 200 mg daily, and the xanthopsia disappeared rapidly followed by normalization of the other symptoms."	1.27	Xanthopsia treated with thiamine. ( Dyrlund, B; Grann, E; von Eyben, FE, 1985)
"3 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy are reported with consecutive death in surgery patients."	1.26	[Non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy as a cause of death in 3 surgical patients]. ( Stahlschmidt, M; von Bülow, M, 1980)
"Two patients who developed Wernicke's Encephalopathy with subsequent hypothermia are described."	1.26	Coma and hypothermia in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Donnan, GA; Seeman, E, 1980)
"The development of hypothermia and coma are rare complications of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome."	1.26	Hypothermia and coma in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ( Kearsley, JH; Musso, AF, 1980)
"The triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy--global confusional state, ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus, and ataxia--is occasionally seen in chronic alcoholics and is often attenuated by immediate thiamine treatment."	1.26	The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ( Feinberg, JF, 1980)
"Four comatose patients were found to have the Wernicke-Krosakoff syndrome."	1.26	Coma in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. ( Baker, P; Wallis, WE; Willoughby, E, 1978)
"1 patient with Wernicke syndrome showed a remarkable improvement of saccadic velocity following thiamine administration."	1.26	[Slowed saccades in various neurological disorders]. ( Hamann, KU, 1979)
"Treatment with thiamine hydrochloride resulted in substantial improvement in these thermoregulatory deficits."	1.26	Thermolability in Wernicke's encephalopathy. ( Garza, HR; Lipton, JM; Payne, H; Rosenberg, RN, 1978)
" Orally administered allithiamine vitamers are therefore recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of thiamine deficits because while having essentially the same biological properties as parenterally administered water-soluble thiamines they have not produced any untoward effects after long-term administration and are far more efficiently utilized."	1.26	Absorption, utilization and clinical effectiveness of allithiamines compared to water-soluble thiamines. ( Baker, H; Frank, O, 1976)

Research

Studies (532)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	109 (20.49)	18.7374
1990's	69 (12.97)	18.2507
2000's	112 (21.05)	29.6817
2010's	160 (30.08)	24.3611
2020's	82 (15.41)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Berhoumi, AE	1
Laoudiyi, D	1
Doumiri, M	1
Lhajoui, H	1
Labied, M	1
Chbani, K	1
Salam, S	1
Ouzidane, L	1
Ishida, M	8
Uchida, N	5
Yoshioka, A	4
Sato, I	4
Hamaguchi, T	1
Horita, Y	1
Mihara, Y	1
Onishi, H	11
Ahmad, S	2
Ikram, S	1
Dunn, BK	1
Palmer, G	1
Inman, KL	1
Abdalla, A	1
Ahmed, M	1
Javaid, S	1
Lindenberg, A	1
Srinivasan, R	1
Jdidia, NB	1
Halima, SB	1
Hakim, H	1
Kebaili, S	1
Koubaa, I	1
Chelly, H	1
Chaabane, K	1
Mehreen, T	1
Kiani, SS	1
Kalbi, D	1
Al Sbihi, A	1
Parekh, H	1
Chaudhary, AJ	1
Dingwall, KM	1
Delima, JF	1
Binks, P	1
Batey, R	1
Bowden, SC	1
Rao, HR	1
Barron, MA	1
Biswas, A	1
Branson, HM	1
Mitton, GD	1
Naqvi, A	1
Hernandez, L	1
Brockman, T	1
Mehta, T	1
Mengi, T	1
Beckmann, Y	1
Hidaka, M	1
Kumamoto, M	1
Suenaga, T	1
Itsuji, A	1
Kanazawa, Y	1
Goto, S	1
Takaba, H	1
Kitazono, T	1
Orio, L	1
Arias, F	1
Escudero, B	1
Brown, S	1
Hutt-Williams, S	1
Vijayavel, N	1
Koh, SW	1
Goodman, EL	1
Ding, LM	1
Deng, LS	1
Qian, JJ	1
Liu, G	1
Zhou, L	1
Zheng, SS	1
Aomura, D	1
Kurasawa, Y	1
Harada, M	1
Hashimoto, K	1
Kamijo, Y	1
Ohira, M	1
Ghomari, CF	1
Misgault, B	1
Diallo, AO	1
Durand, H	1
Bund, C	1
Namer, IJ	1
Erick, M	1
Kuzume, D	1
Morimoto, Y	1
Yamasaki, M	1
Hosomi, N	1
Silhadi, S	1
Pinaud, SÉ	1
Nendaz, M	1
Stirnemann, J	1
Silva, AR	1
Almeida-Xavier, S	1
Lopes, M	1
Soares-Fernandes, JP	1
Sousa, F	1
Varanda, S	1
Barcena, HA	2
Behaeddin, BC	2
Abdi, Z	2
Casadesus, D	2
Cornea, A	1
Lata, I	1
Simu, M	1
Rosca, EC	1
Ito, H	2
Onizawa, N	2
Sato, R	1
Mizunuma, N	1
Feng, Y	1
Long, X	1
Li, X	2
Olmsted, A	1
DeSimone, A	1
Lopez-Pastrana, J	1
Becker, M	1
Tanizaki, K	1
Hasegawa, J	1
Okano, M	1
Hara, T	1
Hata, T	1
Takayama, O	1
Kim, Y	1
Imamoto, H	1
Arivoli, K	1
Benvenuto, A	1
Stucken, E	1
Touré, ML	1
Othon, GC	1
Touré, A	1
Diakité, M	1
Condé, K	1
Kassa, DF	1
Sakadi, F	1
Camara, D	1
Conde, S	1
Millimono, V	1
Diallo, MS	1
Diallo, SM	1
Kadji, JM	1
Lamah, E	1
Cisse, FA	1
Cisse, A	2
Bonnet, U	1
Pohlmann, L	1
McAnally, H	1
Claus, BB	1
Sani, E	1
Da Prato, G	1
Gremes, V	1
Valletta, F	1
Bariani, M	1
Zenti, MG	1
Love, JE	1
McCarthy, J	1
Datta, M	1
Wong, R	1
Huang, LL	1
Zilioli, A	1
Misirocchi, F	1
Mutti, C	2
Romano, S	1
Minetti, M	1
Chierici, E	1
Florindo, I	2
Spallazzi, M	1
Zinno, L	2
Fiorentini, M	1
Nedu, B	1
Dapoto, F	1
Brunelli, E	1
Pilu, G	1
Youssef, A	1
Mrowicka, M	1
Mrowicki, J	1
Dragan, G	1
Majsterek, I	1
Estevez, TP	1
Casasnovas, CE	1
Aslanova, M	1
Rizk, D	1
Safin, DS	1
Whitham, A	1
Bhowmick, K	1
Freeman, S	1
Basouny, N	1
Spigos, J	1
Khvolis, D	1
McFarlane-Ferreira, Y	1
Lee, A	1
Novo-Veleiro, I	1
Mateos-Díaz, AM	1
Rosón-Hernández, B	1
Medina-García, JA	1
Muga, R	1
Fernández-Solá, J	1
Martín-González, MC	1
Seco-Hernández, E	1
Suárez-Cuervo, C	1
Monte-Secades, R	1
Machado-Prieto, B	1
Puerta-Louro, R	1
Prada-González, C	1
Fernández-Rial, Á	1
Sabio-Repiso, P	1
Vázquez-Vigo, R	1
Antolí-Royo, AC	1
Gomila-Grange, A	1
Felipe-Pérez, NC	1
Sanvisens-Bergé, A	1
Antúnez-Jorge, E	1
Fernández-Rodríguez, CM	1
Alvela-Suárez, L	1
Fidalgo-Navarro, A	1
Castro, J	1
Polvorosa-Gómez, MA	1
Valle-Sánchez, MD	1
López-Castro, J	1
Chamorro, AJ	2
Marcos, M	1
Costa, S	1
Santos, C	1
Nunes, CA	1
Araújo, A	1
Benichou, A	1
Buscot, M	1
Boyer, S	1
Hyvernat, H	1
Doyen, D	1
Dellamonica, J	1
Thomson, A	1
Guerrini, I	1
Marshall, EJ	1
Winters, J	1
Niespodzany, E	1
Kini, TA	1
Othman, BA	1
Lee, AG	1
Theodoreson, MD	1
Zykaite, A	1
Haley, M	1
Meena, S	1
Stawny, M	1
Gostyńska, A	1
Olijarczyk, R	1
Jelińska, A	1
Ogrodowczyk, M	1
Chen, G	1
Chen, LM	1
Li, XM	1
Fujikawa, T	1
Sogabe, Y	1
Pacei, F	1
Iaccarino, L	1
Bugiardini, E	1
Dadone, V	1
De Toni Franceschini, L	1
Colombo, C	1
Žigrai, M	1
Smetanová, V	1
Gmitterová, K	1
Klepancová, P	1
Vyskočil, M	1
Mantero, V	1
Rifino, N	1
Costantino, G	1
Farina, A	1
Pozzetti, U	1
Sciacco, M	1
Ripolone, M	1
Bianchi, G	1
Salmaggi, A	1
Rigamonti, A	1
Besci, T	1
Evren, G	1
Köroðlu, TF	1
Lian, X	1
Wu, M	1
Fan, H	1
Zhang, Y	2
Sun, P	1
Seoane Blanco, L	1
Vargas González, CA	1
Junquera Alonso, E	1
Jung, EE	1
Greer, C	1
Patel, VR	1
Ota, Y	1
Capizzano, AA	1
Moritani, T	1
Naganawa, S	1
Kurokawa, R	1
Srinivasan, A	1
Dilber, B	1
Kamaşak, T	2
Eyüboğlu, İ	1
Kola, M	1
Uysal, AT	1
Saruhan, H	1
Yalçın, S	1
Sağ, E	1
Cansu, A	2
Jain, K	1
Singh, J	1
Jain, A	2
Khera, T	1
Durmaz, O	1
Aktaş, S	1
Akkişi Kumsar, N	1
Eren, OE	1
Schöberl, F	1
Campana, M	1
Habs, M	1
Conrad, J	1
Dihn, D	1
Chien, K	1
Ma, L	2
Nyce, MQ	1
Chisholm, JS	1
Szmanda, JA	1
Boyce, AK	1
Boczar, CM	1
Kattah, JC	1
Tong, CV	1
Zuccoli, G	4
Heesterbeek, MJAB	1
Swolfs, SN	1
de Waardt, DA	1
Veth, CPM	1
Khan, F	1
Sharma, N	1
Ud Din, M	1
Bansal, V	1
Qureshi, UA	2
Bhat, AS	1
Qureshi, U	1
Ahmad, K	2
Wani, NA	2
Bashir, A	1
Akram, M	1
Ikeda, K	2
Yano, H	1
Higa, T	1
Kinjo, M	1
Oudman, E	6
Wijnia, JW	6
Oey, MJ	2
van Dam, M	4
Postma, A	4
Chevalier, K	1
Stammler, R	1
Paulet, R	1
Ciliento, R	1
Parrino, L	1
Pavesi, G	1
Kirty, K	1
Sarda, Y	1
Jacob, A	1
Venugopala, D	1
Truong, T	1
Hetzel, F	1
Stiff, KM	1
Husnain, MG	1
Self, M	1
Signorelli, J	1
Lasoff, D	1
Lafree, A	1
Coyne, C	1
Hayden, SR	1
Wardi, G	1
Wang, Q	1
Charmchi, Z	1
George, IC	1
Divya, MB	1
Kubera, NS	1
Jha, N	1
Jha, AK	1
Thabah, MM	1
Rane, MA	1
Boorugu, HK	1
Ravishankar, U	1
Tarakeswari, S	1
Vadlamani, H	1
Anand, H	1
Dams, L	1
Krämer, M	1
Itami, K	1
Hor, ESL	1
Singh, GP	1
Omar, NA	1
Russell, V	1
Dias, SP	1
Diogo, MC	1
Capela, C	1
Marques, R	1
Gonçalves, M	1
Melchionda, D	1
Martino, T	1
Carapelle, E	1
Lalla, A	1
Cologno, D	1
Avolio, C	1
Tanahashi, I	2
Takahashi, T	3
Taji, Y	3
Ikebuchi, K	3
Furuya, D	2
Akechi, T	4
Tsao, WC	1
Ro, LS	1
Chen, CM	1
Chang, HS	1
Kuo, HC	1
Verma, R	1
Garg, V	1
Shang, W	1
Chen, X	1
Chen, H	1
Tang, S	1
Hong, H	1
Maeda, H	1
Kuriyama, A	1
Tanaka, T	1
Abdul-Muneer, PM	1
Alikunju, S	1
Schuetz, H	1
Szlachetka, AM	1
Ma, X	1
Haorah, J	1
Garla, VV	1
Yanes-Cardozo, L	1
Yousuf, T	1
Xie, B	1
Si, ZZ	1
Tang, WT	1
Qi, HZ	1
Li, T	1
Nakamura, T	1
Imai, K	1
Hamanaka, M	1
Yamazaki, H	1
Yamada, T	2
Mizuno, T	1
Kul, S	1
Tuşat, M	1
Ozgun, N	1
Nishimura, Y	2
Biter, LU	1
Hamilton, LA	1
Darby, SH	1
Hamilton, AJ	1
Wilkerson, MH	1
Morgan, KA	1
Xue, S	1
Yuan, L	1
Cheng, HY	1
Yin, YM	1
Gu, JY	1
Zhang, WJ	1
Wang, JB	1
Prakash, S	3
Robinson, CL	1
Patel, JJ	1
Joshi, H	1
Patel, J	1
Zensho, K	1
Ishida, H	1
Nagai, H	1
Tsukahara, H	1
Shimada, A	1
Shintani, D	1
Nishikawa, T	1
Hasegawa, K	1
Fujiwara, K	2
Chandrakumar, A	1
Bhardwaj, A	1
't Jong, GW	1
Ajob, L	2
Brännström, I	2
Ott, M	2
Werneke, U	2
Linder, LM	1
Robert, S	1
Mullinax, K	1
Hayes, G	1
Tan, TXZ	1
Lim, KC	1
Chan Chung, C	1
Aung, T	1
Salzer, J	1
Zizka, J	1
Karlberg, M	1
Aneja, T	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Thiamine Administration After Cardiac Surgery Trial[NCT04641104]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-11-20	Completed
Outcomes of Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in the Early Treatment of Sepsis.[NCT03422159]	Phase 2	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-05	Completed
Evaluation of the Standardised Nurse-led Approach for Risk Screening and Decrease of Alcohol Withdrawal Among Adult Inpatients With Alcohol Dependence in an Ear, Nose, Throat and Jaw Surgery Department[NCT02782156]		89 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Defined as the day 4 post-randomization SOFA score minus the initial SOFA score. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score is a mortality prediction score that is based on the degree of dysfunction of six organ systems. The score is calculated on admission and every 24 hours until discharge using the worst parameters measured during the prior 24 hours SOFA score ranges from 0 (no organ dysfunction) to 24 (highest possible score / organ dysfunction). (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: 4 days post-randomization

Hospital Length of Stay

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm	2.9
Placebo Arm	1.93

Time from admitting to discharge of hospital stay. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: From admission to the hospital until final discharge, up to 28 days.

Hospital Mortality

Intervention	Days (Mean)
Treatment Arm	11.5
Placebo Arm	11

In-hospital mortality rate. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: Survival until hospital discharge, up to 28 days.

ICU Length of Stay

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment Arm	11
Placebo Arm	13

Time from admitting to ICU to discharge. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: From admission to the ICU until final discharge from the ICU, up to an average of 7 days.

ICU Mortality

Intervention	days (Mean)
Treatment Arm	4.76
Placebo Arm	4.66

ICU mortality rate (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: From admission to hospital until final discharge from the ICU, up to 28 days.

Procalcitonin (PCT) Clearance

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment Arm	6
Placebo Arm	10

PCT at 96 hours minus initial PCT, divided by the initial PCT multiplied by 100. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: 4 days post-randomization

Time to Vasopressor Independence (Hours)

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
Treatment Arm	63
Placebo Arm	58

Defined as the time from starting the active treatment/placebo to discontinuation of all pressors. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: From start of vasopressor medication to final discontinuation of vasopressor medication, up to 7 days.

Ventilator Free Days

Intervention	hours (Mean)
HAT Treatment	27
Comparator	53

Number of days alive and off of the ventilator at day 28. (NCT03422159)
Timeframe: 28 Days post-randomization

Article	Year
Fatal Wernicke's Encephalopathy with Cardiovascular Involvement in a Young Psychiatric Patient. The American journal of the medical sciences, 2022, Volume: 363, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Coma; Humans; Hypotension; Male; Stroke Volume; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Ventricular Fu	2022
Gestational malnutrition, hyperemesis gravidarum, and Wernicke's encephalopathy: What is missing? Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2022, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Pregnancy; Thiamine; Wernicke Ence	2022
Wernicke Encephalopathy Presenting with Dysphagia: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients, 2022, Dec-13, Volume: 14, Issue:24 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcoholism; Child; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Middle	2022
Non-alcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy mimicking neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a young woman: a case report and literature review. Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2023, 06-05, Volume: 94, Issue:S1 Topics: Female; Humans; Malnutrition; Neuromyelitis Optica; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephal	2023
When time is brain: a systematic review about Wernicke encephalopathy as a dramatic consequence of thiamin deficiency in hyperemesis gravidarum. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2023, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Infant; Korsakoff Syndrome; Male; Pregnancy; T	2023
Diagnosis of Wernicke's Encephalopathy in Patients With a Psychiatric History: A Case Series and Literature Review. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 2023, Jul-20, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Malnutrition; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2023
Incidence of Adverse Reactions to Parenteral Thiamine in the Treatment of Wernicke's Encephalopathy, and Recommendations. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2019, Dec-01, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Anaphylaxis; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Parenteral; Risk Assessment; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficienc	2019
Non-alcoholic beriberi, Wernicke encephalopathy and long-term eating disorder: case report and a mini-review. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2021, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Beriberi; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Ence	2021
Comprehensive review of Wernicke encephalopathy: pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Japanese journal of radiology, 2020, Volume: 38, Issue:9 Topics: Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2020
Isolated Pulvinar/Hockey Stick Sign in Nonalcoholic Wernicke's Encephalopathy. The American journal of case reports, 2020, Dec-31, Volume: 21 Topics: Female; Hockey; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Pulvinar; Thiamine; Wernicke Enceph	2020
Wernicke's encephalopathy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2021, Volume: 86 Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2021
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome despite no alcohol abuse: A summary of systematic reports. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2021, Jul-15, Volume: 426 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Ataxia; Child; Female; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Pregnancy; Thiamine; Thiamine	2021
Wernicke's encephalopathy in women with hyperemesis gravidarum - Case series and literature review. Tropical doctor, 2022, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Thiamine; Wernick	2022
Epileptic seizures in nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: a case report and literature review. Metabolic brain disease, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance	2017
Preventing Wernicke Encephalopathy After Bariatric Surgery. Obesity surgery, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Obesity, Morbid; Parenteral Nutrition; Postop	2018
Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 2018, Oct-02, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2018
[Wernicke's Encephalopathy Onset during Diagnosis and Treatment of Peritoneal Mesothelioma:Report of One Case and Literature Review]. Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae, 2019, Feb-28, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mesothelioma; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephal	2019
Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 236 Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Pregnancy; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex; Wernicke Encephalopa	2019
Wernicke Encephalopathy-Clinical Pearls. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2019, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Gait Apraxia; Humans; Hypotension; Memory Disorders; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2019
[Diagnostics and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome patients with an alcohol abuse]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2013, Apr-01, Volume: 175, Issue:14 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Wernicke E	2013
Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease should be renamed biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: a retrospective review of the clinical, radiological and molecular findings of 18 new cases. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2013, Jun-06, Volume: 8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Basal Ganglia; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Biotin; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; H	2013
[Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis: clinical-pathophysiological correlation, diagnostics and treatment]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2013, Volume: 113, Issue:6 Pt 2 Topics: Alcoholism; Cognition; Dopamine Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Infusion	2013
Wernicke encephalopathy: a medical emergency. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2014, May-13, Volume: 186, Issue:8 Topics: Critical Illness; Early Diagnosis; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pr	2014
Wernicke encephalopathy in subjects undergoing restrictive weight loss surgery: a systematic review of literature data. European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 2014, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Comp	2014
Thiamine in the treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy in patients with alcohol use disorders. Internal medicine journal, 2014, Volume: 44, Issue:9 Topics: Alcoholism; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Korsakof	2014
Palliative treatment of thiamine-related encephalopathy (Wernicke's encephalopathy) in cancer: A case series and review of the literature. Palliative & supportive care, 2015, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Fema	2015
Wernicke encephalopathy in children and adolescents. World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Pre	2014
Malnutrition-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy following a water-only fasting diet. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Fasting; Female; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Risk Factors; Starvation; Thiamine; Thiamine Def	2015
Nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy. CJEM, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Dysarthria; Emergency Service, Hospital; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic	2016
Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU. Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Electrolytes; Folic Acid; Humans; Intensive Care Uni	2016
Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU. Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Electrolytes; Folic Acid; Humans; Intensive Care Uni	2016
Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU. Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Electrolytes; Folic Acid; Humans; Intensive Care Uni	2016
Unpeeling the Evidence for the Banana Bag: Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Management of Alcohol-Associated Vitamin and Electrolyte Deficiencies in the ICU. Critical care medicine, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Electrolytes; Folic Acid; Humans; Intensive Care Uni	2016
Wernicke's encephalopathy mimicking neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of three cases and literature review. Lupus, 2017, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythema	2017
[Wernicke encephalopathy: Guiding thiamine prescription]. L'Encephale, 2017, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Thiamine; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B Complex; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2017
[Thiamine (vitamin B1) treatment in patients with alcohol dependence]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Pt 1 Topics: Alcoholic Neuropathy; Alcoholism; Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Administr	2017
High-dose Parenteral Thiamine in Treatment of Wernicke's Encephalopathy: Case Series and Review of the Literature. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2017, 01-02, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Progn	2017
[Thiamine in patients with alcohol use disorder and Wernicke's encephalopathy]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2017, Volume: 161 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2017
[Wernicke's encephalopathy in chronic alcoholics]. Laeknabladid, 2011, Volume: 97, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Magnesium Compounds; Magnesium Deficiency; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Predictiv	2011
Wernicke's encephalopathy: a preventable cause of maternal death. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2011, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Maternal Mortality; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Thiamine; Thiamine Def	2011
Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2012, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Drug Administration Schedule; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Risk Factors; Thiamine; Thiami	2012
Wernicke's encephalopathy: expanding the diagnostic toolbox. Neuropsychology review, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Brain; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neuroimaging; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernick	2012
Wernicke's encephalopathy. Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association, 2003, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Dietary Supplements; Emergency Medical Services; Health Care Rationing; Humans	2003
[Vitamin deficiency]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2003, Issue:40 Topics: Delirium; Humans; Niacin; Pellagra; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2003
[Vitamin B1]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 62 Suppl Topics: Biomarkers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Donepezil; Humans; Inda	2004
The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease. Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2003, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Animals; Brain; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Def	2003
[Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings at early stage of acute Wernicke encephalopathy]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2004, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Atrophy; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imagi	2004
[Vitamin B1 (thiamin)]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2004, Volume: 62 Suppl 12 Topics: Beriberi; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Reference Values; Specimen Handl	2004
[Prevalence, prophylaxis and treatment of Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine, how much and how do we give it?]. Revue medicale suisse, 2005, Jun-29, Volume: 1, Issue:26 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Prevalence; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2005
Wernicke encephalopathy presented in the form of postoperative delirium in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis: a case report and review of the literature. Palliative & supportive care, 2005, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Delirium; Hepatectomy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Ma	2005
[Alcohol-related disorders]. Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica, 2006, Volume: 108, Issue:12 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Anti-Anxie	2006
Wernicke encephalopathy complicating lymphoma therapy: case report and literature review. Southern medical journal, 2007, Volume: 100, Issue:7 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy	2007
Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke's encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know. Annals of emergency medicine, 2007, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Emergency Medicine; Humans; Prevalence; Prognosis; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex;	2007
Thiamin--the interaction of aging, alcoholism, and malabsorption in various populations. World review of nutrition and dietetics, 1984, Volume: 44 Topics: Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Animals; Developing Countries; Diet; Energy Intake; Europe; Humans; Intesti	1984
Clinical chemistry of thiamin. Advances in clinical chemistry, 1983, Volume: 23 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Animals; Beriberi; Biological Assay; Biologic	1983
Thiamin in the elderly--relation to alcoholism and to neurological degenerative disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1982, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Suppl Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alcoholism; Animals; Biological Availability; Child; Child, Preschoo	1982
Thiamin deficiency and alcoholism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1982, Volume: 378 Topics: Alcoholism; Dementia; Diet; Digestive System; Heart Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Phospho	1982
Wernicke's encephalopathy--causes to consider. Intensive care medicine, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thiamine; Time Factors; Wernicke Encephalopat	1994
Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: association with abnormal liver function. Israel journal of medical sciences, 1994, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Liver Function Tests; Pr	1994
Pathophysiology of cerebellar dysfunction in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 1993, Volume: 20 Suppl 3 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Cerebellum; Humans; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephalopathy	1993
[Wernicke's encephalopathy]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1996, Feb-12, Volume: 158, Issue:7 Topics: Denmark; Humans; Incidence; Injections, Intravenous; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encepha	1996
An introduction to alcohol-induced brain damage and its causes. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement, 1994, Volume: 2 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Brain Injuries; Ethanol; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Organ Size;	1994
Thiamine utilization in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced brain damage. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement, 1994, Volume: 2 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; Animals; Brain Injuries; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficienc	1994
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Postgraduate medical journal, 1997, Volume: 73, Issue:855 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; History, 19th Century; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Prognosis;	1997
[Wernicke-Korsakow syndrome: clinical aspects, pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches]. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:9 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; N-Methylaspartate; Neurologic Examinatio	1997
[Thiamine treatment today]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 1998, Oct-20, Volume: 118, Issue:25 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Beriberi; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopathy	1998
Early diagnosis of pediatric Wernicke's encephalopathy. Pediatric neurology, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female;	1999
Wernicke's encephalopathy associated with hemodialysis: report of two cases and review of the literature. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 1999, Volume: 101, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Confidence Intervals; Humans; Male; Renal Dialysis; Thiamine; Treatment Outcome; Wernicke Ence	1999
Intracranial voyeurism: revealing the mammillary bodies in alcoholism. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 1999, Volume: 23, Issue:12 Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Mammillary Bodies; Thiamine; Wernicke Encephalopathy	1999
[Thiamine deficiency]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2000, Issue:29 Pt 4 Topics: Beriberi; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Thiamine Pyrop	2000
Unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and recovery with thiamine in Wernicke syndrome. The American journal of the medical sciences, 2000, Volume: 320, Issue:4 Topics: Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoplegia; Thia	2000
Wernicke's encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum: an under-recognised condition. The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 2001, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ataxia; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Infant, Newborn; Inj	2001
[Diagnostics and treatment of thiamine deficiency]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 2000, Volume: 116, Issue:7 Topics: Beriberi; Diet; Humans; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Time Factors; Wernicke Encephalopathy	2000
Neurochemical changes in Leigh's disease. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1976, Volume: 22 SUPPL Topics: Animals; Brain; Central Nervous System; Child; Encephalomalacia; Humans; Liver; Organophosphorus Com	1976
Thiamine and the nervous system: an overview. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 1976, Volume: 22 SUPPL Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System; Humans; Membranes; Nervous Syste	1976
[Wernicke encephalopathy in childhood osteosarcoma]. Orvosi hetilap, 1992, Sep-27, Volume: 133, Issue:39 Topics: Adolescent; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Humerus; Injections, Intravenous; Osteosarcoma; Osteotom	1992
Wernicke's encephalopathy. American family physician, 1990, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans;	1990
Alcohol and thiamine of the brain. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 1989, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Humans; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Thiamin Pyrophosphokinase; Thia	1989
Cerebral thiamine-dependent enzyme changes in experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy. Metabolic brain disease, 1986, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyrithiamine; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency;	1986
Current concepts. Wernicke's encephalopathy. The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Apr-18, Volume: 312, Issue:16 Topics: Alcoholism; Ataxia; Brain; Coma; Confusion; Humans; Hypotension; Hypothermia; Nutrition Disorders; O	1985
Thiamin status in Australia. World review of nutrition and dietetics, 1985, Volume: 46 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcoholism; Australia; Beriberi; Bread; Diet; Feedin	1985
Chronic central nervous system toxicity of alcohol. Annual review of pharmacology, 1973, Volume: 13 Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Diseases; Central Ner	1973

Article	Year
What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2022, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Alcoholism; Ethanol; Humans; Korsakoff Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Wernicke Encephalopa	2022
Stem Cell Transplant-Associated Wernicke Encephalopathy in a Patient with High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Pediatric blood & cancer, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:12 Topics: Autografts; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Skin; Stem Cell Transplantation; Thiami	2015
Alcohol, thiamin deficiency, and neuropsychological disorders. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). Supplement, 1994, Volume: 2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; Brain Injuries; Cognition Disorders; Double-Blind Meth	1994
Thiamine deficiency and unexplained encephalopathy in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2001, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Ma	2001

thiamine and Beriberi, Cerebral