theophylline and Infant, Premature, Diseases studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To compare standard doses of theophylline and caffeine for apnea of prematurity in terms of apnea frequency and assess the need for therapeutic drug monitoring."	9.14	Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea of prematurity: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bacopoulou, F; Markantonis, SL; Skouroliakou, M, 2009)
"8% CO(2) in preterm infants decreases the duration and rate of apnea as effectively as or better than theophylline with fewer adverse side effects."	9.13	A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. ( Al-Saif, S; Alvaro, R; Cates, D; Kwiatkowski, K; Manfreda, J; Qurashi, M; Rigatto, H, 2008)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is frequently managed with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)."	9.09	High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. ( Hudson-Mason, A; Lemke, RP; Osiovich, H; Sreenan, C, 2001)
" Aminophylline (n = 98) and caffeine citrate (n = 82) were equally effective in preventing apnea and bradycardia."	9.08	Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates. ( Brendstrup, L; Flachs, H; Larsen, PB; Skov, L, 1995)
"To assess if there was any advantage in the prophylactic use of theophylline to prevent apnea in preterms, we treated 56 preterms (Group A) < 34 weeks gestation with theophylline infusion and compared these with 25 age and weight matched preterms (Group B) who received no therapy."	9.07	Prophylactic theophylline infusion for prevention of apnea of prematurity. ( Ashavaid, TF; Merchant, RH; Sakhalkar, VS, 1992)
" The effectiveness of caffeine with regard to treatment success and the rate of apnea was not significantly different from that of theophylline or doxapram in two SRMAs."	9.05	Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Overview of Meta-Analyses. ( Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D; Al-Shaibi, S; Alhersh, E, 2020)
"19 infants admitted with a diagnosis of infantile apnea who were found to have periodic breathing were given oral theophylline to determine its effect."	9.05	An evaluation of theophylline for idiopathic apnea of infancy. ( Coward, JH; Duffley, LM; Finer, NN; Peters, KL, 1984)
"Theophylline is commonly used to treat apnea of prematurity."	9.05	Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. ( Cabal, L; Rambhatla, S; Sims, ME; Wu, PY; Yau, G, 1985)
"The purpose of our prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy of theophylline ethylenediamine and caffeine sodium citrate in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants."	9.05	Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. ( Brouard, C; de Gamarra, E; Flouvat, B; Moriette, G; Murat, I; Pajot, N; Relier, JP; Walti, H, 1985)
"The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were examined in eight low-birth-weight infants (gestation: 26-32 weeks: birth-weight: 887-1,480 gm), who received the drug for treatment of primary apnea."	9.04	Theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. ( Giacoia, G; Jusko, WJ; Koup, JR; Menke, J, 1976)
"The randomized controlled trials showed less apnea during doxapram treatment when compared to placebo, but no difference in treatment effect when compared to theophylline."	8.95	Doxapram Treatment for Apnea of Prematurity: A Systematic Review. ( Onland, W; Ten Hove, CH; van Kaam, AH; Vliegenthart, RJ, 2017)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common complication of preterm birth, which affects more than 80 % of neonates with a birth weight less than 1,000 g."	8.90	Use of methylxanthine therapies for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity. ( Schoen, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2014)
"To evaluate the effect of caffeine compared with theophylline treatment on the risk of apnea and use of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with recurrent apnea."	8.86	Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, PA, 2010)
"All trials utilizing random or quasi-random patient allocation, in which methylxanthine (theophylline or caffeine) was compared with placebo or no treatment for apnea in preterm infants, were included."	8.81	Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2001)
"The main objective was to determine in preterm infants with recurrent apnea, if treatment with CPAP compared with treatment with theophylline leads to a clinically important reduction in apnea or use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	8.81	Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Davis, PG; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Subramaniam, P, 2001)
"In preterm infants with recurrent apnea, how does treatment with doxapram compare with treatment with theophylline in leading to a clinically important reduction in apnea and use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	8.80	Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"A single small study of 20 infants (Saigal 1986) demonstrated a significant benefit to the infants receiving theophylline compared to those on an oscillating water bed in terms of mean rates of clinically important apnea (apnea > 14 seconds and bradycardia < 100, and cyanosis or receiving stimulation)."	8.80	Kinesthetic stimulation versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Osborn, DA, 2000)
"The main objective was to determine in preterm infants with recurrent apnea, if treatment with CPAP compared with treatment with theophylline leads to a clinically important reduction in apnea or use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	8.80	Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Davis, PG; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Subramanian, P, 2000)
"All trials utilising random or quasi-random patient allocation, in which methylxanthine (theophylline or caffeine) was compared with placebo or no treatment for apnea in preterm infants, were included."	8.80	Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common problem that affects premature infants and, to a lesser degree, term infants."	8.80	Current options in the management of apnea of prematurity. ( Bhatia, J, 2000)
" theophylline, aminophylline or caffeine) for the treatment of apnea in preterm infants."	8.80	Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity is a common problem of the premature infant under 30 weeks gestation."	8.80	Theophylline or caffeine: which is best for apnea of prematurity? ( Gannon, BA, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity is one of the most common problems in the neonatal intensive care unit."	8.79	Pharmacologic management of apnea of prematurity. ( Calhoun, LK, 1996)
"Caffeine and theophylline are effective in the treatment of apnea in the newborn infant."	8.76	Methylxanthines in apnea of prematurity. ( Aranda, JV; Turmen, T, 1979)
"The factors affecting the safety and efficacy of aminophylline use in the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are not clear."	7.91	Factors affecting the efficacy and safety of aminophylline in treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit. ( Dong, Z; Lu, X; Lyu, Q; Mao, Y; Miao, C; Ye, C; Yu, L; Zhang, J, 2019)
"This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors involved in efficacy and safety in Japanese infants who received theophylline therapy to prevent apnea of prematurity (AOP) after weaning from mechanical ventilation."	7.83	Predictive Factors for Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Theophylline for Extubation in Infants with Apnea of Prematurity. ( Douchi, T; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kondo, T; Kondo, Y; Mitarai, F; Orita, Y; Shimodozono, Y; Takeda, Y, 2016)
" Apneas of greater than 10 seconds were recorded, as well as the occurrence of bradycardia or desaturation."	7.71	Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. ( Barrington, KJ; Rich, W; Tan, K, 2002)
"Methylxanthine use in the treatment of apnea of prematurity is well documented."	7.69	Impact of theophylline use in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. ( Abedin, M; Agwunobi, J; Beeram, M; Sinkford, S; Young, M, 1996)
"The effectiveness of caffeine citrate in preventing idiopathic apnea in premature infants was evaluated."	7.68	Effectiveness and side effects of two different doses of caffeine in preventing apnea in premature infants. ( Carnevale, A; Chiarotti, M; De Carolis, MP; De Giovanni, N; Muzii, U; Romagnoli, C; Tortorolo, G; Zecca, E, 1992)
"From a group of 50 premature newborns with central and mixed apnea, 34 received a loading dose of 4."	7.68	[Post-dosage loading concentrations of theophylline and pharmacokinetic study after the fifth maintenance dosage in premature newborns with apnea]. ( Belmont-Gómez, A; Calderón-Mandujano, B; González-Treviño, J; Juárez-Olguín, H; Prado-Serrano, A; Rodríguez-Palomares, C; Udaeta-Mora, E, 1991)
"We hypothesized that enteral doxapram would effectively treat apnea of prematurity without the appearance of major side effects."	7.68	Clinical and physiological responses to prolonged nasogastric administration of doxapram for apnea of prematurity. ( Cates, DB; Hasan, SU; Kwiatkowski, K; Rigatto, H; Seifert, B; Tay-Uyboco, J, 1991)
"In an effort to establish the minimum effective dose of theophylline in the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity, a prospective trial of 22 infants with at least 0."	7.67	The dose response of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. ( Finer, NN; Muttitt, SC; Tierney, AJ, 1988)
"This review provides an understanding of current problems related to apnea of infancy."	7.67	Infant apnea. ( Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR, 1986)
" If no cause is found, the diagnosis of idiopathic infantile apnea is made."	7.67	Infantile apnea. ( McCulloch, K; Vidyasagar, D, 1986)
"Urinary excretion of various catecholamine metabolites (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, homovanillic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxphenylglycol) was studied in preterm infants with idiopathic apnea treated with theophylline."	7.66	Effect of theophylline on neurotransmitters in preterm infants with apnea. ( Bhat, AM; Chuang, L; Karoum, F; Lavenstein, B; Scanlon, JW, 1983)
" We suggest that idiopathic apnea of prematurity is not associated with depletion of catecholamine stores in the central nervous system."	7.66	Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of biogenic amine metabolites in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. ( Bhat, AM; Chuang, L; Karoum, F; Lavenstein, B; Scanlon, JW, 1983)
" Despite apnea monitoring systems, 136/203 (67%) apneic episodes greater than or equal to 20 seconds in duration, including 19 episodes greater than or equal to 50 seconds in duration, were not recorded by nursing staff."	7.66	Undetected episodes of prolonged apnea and severe bradycardia in preterm infants. ( Alexander, JR; Farndon, PA; Jones, RA; Kong, C; Levitt, GA; Richards, JM; Southall, DP; Wilson, AJ, 1983)
"Theophylline-induced seizures are reported in two neonates."	7.66	Theophylline-induced seizures in accidentally overdosed neonates. ( Erkan, NV; Gal, P; Robinson, H; Roop, C, 1980)
"The relation between plasma concentration of theophylline and number of apnea preterm infants was studied in six patients."	7.66	Plasma concentration-effect relationship of theophylline in treatment of apnea in preterm infants. ( Lagercrantz, H; Rane, A; Tunell, R, 1980)
"Theophylline disposition was examined in 17 premature neonates (birth weight 760--1,480 g) at cessation of therapy for primary apnea Mean +/- SD of clearance (22."	7.66	Factors affecting theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. ( Giacoia, G; Hilligoss, DM; Jusko, WJ; Koup, JR, 1980)
"495 kg) with apnea due to periodic breathing (apneic interval = 5 to 10 seconds) or with "serious apnea" (greater than or equal to 20 seconds) were studied before and after the administration of theophylline."	7.66	Physiologic changes induced by theophylline in the treatment of apnea in preterm infants. ( Davi, MJ; Rigatto, H; Sankaran, K; Seshia, MM; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1978)
" Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present."	7.66	Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn. ( Assael, BM; Bonati, M; Caccamo, ML; Gerna, M; Latini, R; Mandelli, M; Marini, A; Sereni, F; Tognoni, G, 1978)
"To the well known methods for prevention of neonatal apnea like stimulation, CPAP, and mechanical ventilation the treatment with theophylline has been added recently."	7.66	[Prevention of neonatal apnea with theophylline (author's transl)]. ( Frisch, H; Irnberger, E; Müller, W, 1978)
"The efficacy of theophylline in preventing severe apnea was evaluated in 17 low-birthweight infants (mean weight, 1,400 gm)."	7.65	Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low-birthweight infants. ( Gotay, F; Moylan, FM; Rogers, MC; Shannon, DC; Stein, IM; Todres, ID, 1975)
"Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation."	7.65	Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline. ( Shapiro, DL; Smith, B; Uauy, R; Warshaw, JB, 1975)
" The mean plasma half-live of theophylline was 22."	5.26	[Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine in premature infants with apnea (author's transl)]. ( Lipowsky, G; Riechert, M; Stiegler, H; Stöckl, H, 1981)
"To compare standard doses of theophylline and caffeine for apnea of prematurity in terms of apnea frequency and assess the need for therapeutic drug monitoring."	5.14	Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea of prematurity: a randomised controlled trial. ( Bacopoulou, F; Markantonis, SL; Skouroliakou, M, 2009)
"8% CO(2) in preterm infants decreases the duration and rate of apnea as effectively as or better than theophylline with fewer adverse side effects."	5.13	A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. ( Al-Saif, S; Alvaro, R; Cates, D; Kwiatkowski, K; Manfreda, J; Qurashi, M; Rigatto, H, 2008)
"The present work aimed to estimate the theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters (TH-PKP) in preterm neonates with apnea during the first month of life in order to optimize its dosage regimen."	5.11	Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in preterm neonates during the first month of life. ( Ali, AS; Fida, NM; Islam, SI; Sheikh, AA, 2004)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is frequently managed with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)."	5.09	High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. ( Hudson-Mason, A; Lemke, RP; Osiovich, H; Sreenan, C, 2001)
" Aminophylline (n = 98) and caffeine citrate (n = 82) were equally effective in preventing apnea and bradycardia."	5.08	Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates. ( Brendstrup, L; Flachs, H; Larsen, PB; Skov, L, 1995)
"To assess if there was any advantage in the prophylactic use of theophylline to prevent apnea in preterms, we treated 56 preterms (Group A) < 34 weeks gestation with theophylline infusion and compared these with 25 age and weight matched preterms (Group B) who received no therapy."	5.07	Prophylactic theophylline infusion for prevention of apnea of prematurity. ( Ashavaid, TF; Merchant, RH; Sakhalkar, VS, 1992)
" The effectiveness of caffeine with regard to treatment success and the rate of apnea was not significantly different from that of theophylline or doxapram in two SRMAs."	5.05	Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Overview of Meta-Analyses. ( Abushanab, D; Al-Badriyeh, D; Al-Shaibi, S; Alhersh, E, 2020)
"19 infants admitted with a diagnosis of infantile apnea who were found to have periodic breathing were given oral theophylline to determine its effect."	5.05	An evaluation of theophylline for idiopathic apnea of infancy. ( Coward, JH; Duffley, LM; Finer, NN; Peters, KL, 1984)
"Theophylline is commonly used to treat apnea of prematurity."	5.05	Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. ( Cabal, L; Rambhatla, S; Sims, ME; Wu, PY; Yau, G, 1985)
"The purpose of our prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy of theophylline ethylenediamine and caffeine sodium citrate in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants."	5.05	Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. ( Brouard, C; de Gamarra, E; Flouvat, B; Moriette, G; Murat, I; Pajot, N; Relier, JP; Walti, H, 1985)
"The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were examined in eight low-birth-weight infants (gestation: 26-32 weeks: birth-weight: 887-1,480 gm), who received the drug for treatment of primary apnea."	5.04	Theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. ( Giacoia, G; Jusko, WJ; Koup, JR; Menke, J, 1976)
"The randomized controlled trials showed less apnea during doxapram treatment when compared to placebo, but no difference in treatment effect when compared to theophylline."	4.95	Doxapram Treatment for Apnea of Prematurity: A Systematic Review. ( Onland, W; Ten Hove, CH; van Kaam, AH; Vliegenthart, RJ, 2017)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common complication of preterm birth, which affects more than 80 % of neonates with a birth weight less than 1,000 g."	4.90	Use of methylxanthine therapies for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity. ( Schoen, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Yu, T, 2014)
"To evaluate the effect of caffeine compared with theophylline treatment on the risk of apnea and use of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with recurrent apnea."	4.86	Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, PA, 2010)
"All trials utilizing random or quasi-random patient allocation, in which methylxanthine (theophylline or caffeine) was compared with placebo or no treatment for apnea in preterm infants, were included."	4.81	Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2001)
"The main objective was to determine in preterm infants with recurrent apnea, if treatment with CPAP compared with treatment with theophylline leads to a clinically important reduction in apnea or use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	4.81	Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Davis, PG; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Subramaniam, P, 2001)
"In preterm infants with recurrent apnea, how does treatment with doxapram compare with treatment with theophylline in leading to a clinically important reduction in apnea and use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	4.80	Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"A single small study of 20 infants (Saigal 1986) demonstrated a significant benefit to the infants receiving theophylline compared to those on an oscillating water bed in terms of mean rates of clinically important apnea (apnea > 14 seconds and bradycardia < 100, and cyanosis or receiving stimulation)."	4.80	Kinesthetic stimulation versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Osborn, DA, 2000)
"The main objective was to determine in preterm infants with recurrent apnea, if treatment with CPAP compared with treatment with theophylline leads to a clinically important reduction in apnea or use of mechanical ventilation, without clinically important side effects."	4.80	Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. ( Davis, PG; Henderson-Smart, DJ; Subramanian, P, 2000)
"All trials utilising random or quasi-random patient allocation, in which methylxanthine (theophylline or caffeine) was compared with placebo or no treatment for apnea in preterm infants, were included."	4.80	Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common problem that affects premature infants and, to a lesser degree, term infants."	4.80	Current options in the management of apnea of prematurity. ( Bhatia, J, 2000)
" theophylline, aminophylline or caffeine) for the treatment of apnea in preterm infants."	4.80	Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. ( Henderson-Smart, DJ; Steer, P, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity is a common problem of the premature infant under 30 weeks gestation."	4.80	Theophylline or caffeine: which is best for apnea of prematurity? ( Gannon, BA, 2000)
"Apnea of prematurity is one of the most common problems in the neonatal intensive care unit."	4.79	Pharmacologic management of apnea of prematurity. ( Calhoun, LK, 1996)
"Caffeine and theophylline are effective in the treatment of apnea in the newborn infant."	4.76	Methylxanthines in apnea of prematurity. ( Aranda, JV; Turmen, T, 1979)
"The factors affecting the safety and efficacy of aminophylline use in the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are not clear."	3.91	Factors affecting the efficacy and safety of aminophylline in treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit. ( Dong, Z; Lu, X; Lyu, Q; Mao, Y; Miao, C; Ye, C; Yu, L; Zhang, J, 2019)
"This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors involved in efficacy and safety in Japanese infants who received theophylline therapy to prevent apnea of prematurity (AOP) after weaning from mechanical ventilation."	3.83	Predictive Factors for Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Theophylline for Extubation in Infants with Apnea of Prematurity. ( Douchi, T; Irie, T; Irikura, M; Ishitsuka, Y; Kondo, T; Kondo, Y; Mitarai, F; Orita, Y; Shimodozono, Y; Takeda, Y, 2016)
" Three premature neonates received inadvertent intravenous overdoses of theophylline for apnea of prematurity while in newborn intensive care."	3.71	Theophylline toxicokinetics in premature newborns. ( Jarrett, RV; Kauffman, RE; Lowry, JA; Pettett, G; Wasserman, G, 2001)
" Apneas of greater than 10 seconds were recorded, as well as the occurrence of bradycardia or desaturation."	3.71	Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. ( Barrington, KJ; Rich, W; Tan, K, 2002)
"Theophylline has been widely used to treat apnea of premature neonates."	3.70	Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine after intravenous administration of aminophylline to premature neonates in Korea. ( Ahn, HW; Choi, JH; Park, KJ; Shin, WG; Suh, OK, 1999)
"Methylxanthine use in the treatment of apnea of prematurity is well documented."	3.69	Impact of theophylline use in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. ( Abedin, M; Agwunobi, J; Beeram, M; Sinkford, S; Young, M, 1996)
"The effectiveness of caffeine citrate in preventing idiopathic apnea in premature infants was evaluated."	3.68	Effectiveness and side effects of two different doses of caffeine in preventing apnea in premature infants. ( Carnevale, A; Chiarotti, M; De Carolis, MP; De Giovanni, N; Muzii, U; Romagnoli, C; Tortorolo, G; Zecca, E, 1992)
"From a group of 50 premature newborns with central and mixed apnea, 34 received a loading dose of 4."	3.68	[Post-dosage loading concentrations of theophylline and pharmacokinetic study after the fifth maintenance dosage in premature newborns with apnea]. ( Belmont-Gómez, A; Calderón-Mandujano, B; González-Treviño, J; Juárez-Olguín, H; Prado-Serrano, A; Rodríguez-Palomares, C; Udaeta-Mora, E, 1991)
"We hypothesized that enteral doxapram would effectively treat apnea of prematurity without the appearance of major side effects."	3.68	Clinical and physiological responses to prolonged nasogastric administration of doxapram for apnea of prematurity. ( Cates, DB; Hasan, SU; Kwiatkowski, K; Rigatto, H; Seifert, B; Tay-Uyboco, J, 1991)
" Spontaneous prolonged apneic spells were recorded in both infants, and these consisted of two distinctly different apnea types."	3.67	Characterization of prolonged apneic episodes associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. ( Pickens, DL; Schefft, GL; Storch, GA; Thach, BT, 1989)
"In an effort to establish the minimum effective dose of theophylline in the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity, a prospective trial of 22 infants with at least 0."	3.67	The dose response of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. ( Finer, NN; Muttitt, SC; Tierney, AJ, 1988)
"This review provides an understanding of current problems related to apnea of infancy."	3.67	Infant apnea. ( Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR, 1986)
" If no cause is found, the diagnosis of idiopathic infantile apnea is made."	3.67	Infantile apnea. ( McCulloch, K; Vidyasagar, D, 1986)
"Urinary excretion of various catecholamine metabolites (4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, homovanillic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxphenylglycol) was studied in preterm infants with idiopathic apnea treated with theophylline."	3.66	Effect of theophylline on neurotransmitters in preterm infants with apnea. ( Bhat, AM; Chuang, L; Karoum, F; Lavenstein, B; Scanlon, JW, 1983)
" We suggest that idiopathic apnea of prematurity is not associated with depletion of catecholamine stores in the central nervous system."	3.66	Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of biogenic amine metabolites in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. ( Bhat, AM; Chuang, L; Karoum, F; Lavenstein, B; Scanlon, JW, 1983)
" Despite apnea monitoring systems, 136/203 (67%) apneic episodes greater than or equal to 20 seconds in duration, including 19 episodes greater than or equal to 50 seconds in duration, were not recorded by nursing staff."	3.66	Undetected episodes of prolonged apnea and severe bradycardia in preterm infants. ( Alexander, JR; Farndon, PA; Jones, RA; Kong, C; Levitt, GA; Richards, JM; Southall, DP; Wilson, AJ, 1983)
"Simultaneous blood and saliva samples were drawn for determination of caffeine and theophylline concentrations in 17 infants receiving caffeine or theophylline therapy for apnea of prematurity."	3.66	Use of salivary concentrations in the prediction of serum caffeine and theophylline concentrations in premature infants. ( Bada, HS; Khanna, NN; Somani, SM, 1980)
"Theophylline-induced seizures are reported in two neonates."	3.66	Theophylline-induced seizures in accidentally overdosed neonates. ( Erkan, NV; Gal, P; Robinson, H; Roop, C, 1980)
"The relation between plasma concentration of theophylline and number of apnea preterm infants was studied in six patients."	3.66	Plasma concentration-effect relationship of theophylline in treatment of apnea in preterm infants. ( Lagercrantz, H; Rane, A; Tunell, R, 1980)
"7 micrograms/ml) on metabolic rate were observed in 11 premature infants with severe idiopathic apnea of prematurity."	3.66	Oxygen consumption in apneic premature infants after low-dose theophylline. ( Auld, PA; Krauss, AN; Milsap, RL, 1980)
"Theophylline disposition was examined in 17 premature neonates (birth weight 760--1,480 g) at cessation of therapy for primary apnea Mean +/- SD of clearance (22."	3.66	Factors affecting theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. ( Giacoia, G; Hilligoss, DM; Jusko, WJ; Koup, JR, 1980)
" This study was performed to examine the development of premature infants treated with theophylline in the neonatal period for apnea."	3.66	Developmental outcome of premature infants treated with theophylline. ( Eitzman, DV; Holstrum, WJ; Nelson, RM; Resnick, MB, 1980)
"495 kg) with apnea due to periodic breathing (apneic interval = 5 to 10 seconds) or with "serious apnea" (greater than or equal to 20 seconds) were studied before and after the administration of theophylline."	3.66	Physiologic changes induced by theophylline in the treatment of apnea in preterm infants. ( Davi, MJ; Rigatto, H; Sankaran, K; Seshia, MM; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1978)
"Plasma concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in seven premature neonates receiving theophylline orally for treatment of apnea at age one to 9 days were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry."	3.66	Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in premature newborn infants. ( Aranda, JV; Baltassat, P; Bethenod, M; Bory, C; Frederich, A; Porthault, M, 1979)
" Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present."	3.66	Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn. ( Assael, BM; Bonati, M; Caccamo, ML; Gerna, M; Latini, R; Mandelli, M; Marini, A; Sereni, F; Tognoni, G, 1978)
"The present study is a report on 9 premature infants treated with aminophylline for relief of apnea."	3.66	Alterations in state in apneic pre-term infants receiving theophylline. ( Auld, PA; Dietrich, J; Drayer, DE; Krauss, AN; Reidenberg, M, 1978)
"To the well known methods for prevention of neonatal apnea like stimulation, CPAP, and mechanical ventilation the treatment with theophylline has been added recently."	3.66	[Prevention of neonatal apnea with theophylline (author's transl)]. ( Frisch, H; Irnberger, E; Müller, W, 1978)
"The efficacy of theophylline in preventing severe apnea was evaluated in 17 low-birthweight infants (mean weight, 1,400 gm)."	3.65	Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low-birthweight infants. ( Gotay, F; Moylan, FM; Rogers, MC; Shannon, DC; Stein, IM; Todres, ID, 1975)
"Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation."	3.65	Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline. ( Shapiro, DL; Smith, B; Uauy, R; Warshaw, JB, 1975)
"If caffeine was found to have a greater effect, this would influence prescribing habits."	2.69	Comparison of the effects of theophylline and caffeine on serum erythropoietin concentration in premature infants. ( Fang, S; Gamsu, HR; Greenough, A; Marsden, JT; Peters, TJ; Sherwood, RA, 1998)
"Theophylline intoxication has become an important clinical problem in the NICU, in large part because of its increased and extensive use for treatment of neonatal respiratory diseases."	2.39	Theophylline misadventures: Part I. ( O'Donnell, J, 1994)
"Theophylline has been utilized as an adjunct in facilitating ventilator weaning and in the management of apnea with or without bradycardia."	1.28	Use of theophylline in neonates as an aid to ventilator weaning. ( Capers, CC; Job, ML; Land, PA; Murphy, JE; Ward, ES, 1992)
"Theophylline was given as aminophylline using a loading dose of 6."	1.27	Cardiac output changes secondary to theophylline therapy in preterm infants. ( Siassi, B; Sims, ME; Walther, FJ; Wu, PY, 1986)
" Qualitative and quantitative differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs should be considered before dosage regimens can be established."	1.27	[Peculiarities of drug therapy in childhood]. ( Kusenbach, G; Reinhardt, D, 1986)
" Additional clinical features are discussed, including avoidance of dosing errors through careful instruction of all caretakers prior to discharge."	1.27	Theophylline toxicity in a preterm infant: selected clinical aspects. ( Komatsu, G; Modanlou, HD; Strauss, AA, 1985)
" Bioavailability up to 7 h after administration was determined from the serum concentration-time course."	1.26	Influence of food intake on bioavailability of theophylline in premature infants. ( Bergt, U; Heimann, G; Murgescu, J, 1982)
" The mean plasma half-live of theophylline was 22."	1.26	[Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine in premature infants with apnea (author's transl)]. ( Lipowsky, G; Riechert, M; Stiegler, H; Stöckl, H, 1981)
"Caffeine was detectable in plasma at birth, and in preterm infants not receiving theophylline; plasma levels of caffeine tended to be similar to the levels in their mothers' milk."	1.26	Plasma xanthine levels in low birthweight infants treated or not treated with theophylline. ( Brazier, JL; Renaud, H; Ribon, B; Salle, BL, 1979)
"), a value similar to that of children, but the half-life (30."	1.26	Pharmacokinetic aspects of theophylline in premature newborns. ( Aranda, JV; Loughnan, PM; Neims, AH; Parsons, WD; Sitar, DS, 1976)

Research

Studies (131)

Authors

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

AHI From Diagnostic Sleep Study Compared to AHI From Sleep Study Improvement in OSA With Low Flow Oxygen Via Nasal Cannula

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	84 (64.12)	18.7374
1990's	18 (13.74)	18.2507
2000's	21 (16.03)	29.6817
2010's	7 (5.34)	24.3611
2020's	1 (0.76)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Alhersh, E	1
Abushanab, D	1
Al-Shaibi, S	1
Al-Badriyeh, D	1
Ye, C	1
Miao, C	1
Yu, L	1
Dong, Z	1
Zhang, J	1
Mao, Y	1
Lu, X	1
Lyu, Q	1
Schoen, K	1
Yu, T	1
Stockmann, C	1
Spigarelli, MG	1
Sherwin, CM	1
Kondo, T	1
Kondo, Y	1
Orita, Y	1
Mitarai, F	1
Ishitsuka, Y	1
Irikura, M	1
Shimodozono, Y	1
Douchi, T	1
Takeda, Y	1
Irie, T	1
Vliegenthart, RJ	1
Ten Hove, CH	1
Onland, W	1
van Kaam, AH	1
Al-Saif, S	1
Alvaro, R	1
Manfreda, J	1
Kwiatkowski, K	2
Cates, D	1
Qurashi, M	1
Rigatto, H	4
Skouroliakou, M	1
Bacopoulou, F	1
Markantonis, SL	1
Henderson-Smart, DJ	13
Steer, PA	2
De Paoli, AG	2
Davis, PG	5
Thomas, NJ	1
Carcillo, JA	1
MENTZEL, H	1
Islam, SI	1
Ali, AS	1
Sheikh, AA	1
Fida, NM	1
McNamara, DG	1
Nixon, GM	1
Anderson, BJ	1
Bhat, AM	2
Scanlon, JW	2
Lavenstein, B	2
Chuang, L	2
Karoum, F	2
Haley, TJ	1
Finer, NN	3
Peters, KL	1
Duffley, LM	1
Coward, JH	1
Weinberger, M	1
Sourgens, H	1
Staib, AH	1
Bielicki, M	1
von Loewenich, V	1
Fesslová, V	1
Caccamo, ML	3
Salice, P	1
Marimi, A	1
Jones, RA	3
Lönnerholm, G	2
Lindström, B	2
Paalzow, L	1
Sedin, G	1
Tudehope, D	1
Burke, J	1
Loadsman, T	1
Hargreaves, DB	1
Lealman, GT	1
Mulley, BA	1
Srinivasan, G	1
Singh, J	1
Cattamanchi, G	1
Yeh, TF	1
Pildes, RS	1
Southall, DP	1
Levitt, GA	1
Richards, JM	1
Kong, C	1
Farndon, PA	1
Alexander, JR	1
Wilson, AJ	1
Roberts, JL	1
Mathew, OP	1
Thach, BT	2
Heimann, G	1
Murgescu, J	1
Bergt, U	1
Khanna, NN	4
Somani, SM	4
Boyer, A	1
Miller, J	1
Chua, C	1
Menke, JA	1
Berthou, F	1
Alix, D	1
Riche, C	1
Picart, D	1
Dreano, Y	1
Gouedard, H	1
Korner, AF	1
Ruppel, EM	1
Rho, JM	1
Bada, HS	3
Tserng, KY	1
King, KC	1
Takieddine, FN	1
Cottancin, G	1
Sann, L	2
Bory, B	1
Bourgeois, J	1
Frederich, A	3
Baltassat, P	4
Bethenod, M	4
Riechert, M	2
Lipowsky, G	1
Stöckl, H	1
Stiegler, H	1
Gupta, JM	2
Mercer, HP	1
Koo, WW	1
Gal, P	1
Roop, C	1
Robinson, H	1
Erkan, NV	1
Barr, PA	1
O'Loughlin, EV	1
Anderson, DG	1
Lagercrantz, H	1
Rane, A	1
Tunell, R	1
Milsap, RL	1
Krauss, AN	2
Auld, PA	2
Hilligoss, DM	1
Jusko, WJ	2
Koup, JR	3
Giacoia, G	2
Nelson, RM	1
Resnick, MB	1
Holstrum, WJ	1
Eitzman, DV	1
Floberg, S	1
Larsen, PB	1
Brendstrup, L	1
Skov, L	1
Flachs, H	1
Rao, R	1
Narang, A	1
O'Donnell, J	1
Gonzalez, MT	1
Sherwood, JB	1
Brion, LP	1
Schulman, M	1
Berul, CI	1
Calhoun, LK	1
Agwunobi, J	1
Abedin, M	1
Young, M	1
Beeram, M	1
Sinkford, S	1
al-Omran, A	1
al-Alaiyan, S	1
Laubscher, B	1
Greenough, A	2
Dimitriou, G	1
Fang, S	1
Sherwood, RA	1
Gamsu, HR	1
Marsden, JT	1
Peters, TJ	1
Doyle, LW	1
Rickards, AL	1
Kelly, EA	1
Ford, GW	1
Davis, NM	1
Callanan, C	1
Steer, P	4
Osborn, DA	1
Subramanian, P	1
Ahn, HW	1
Shin, WG	1
Park, KJ	1
Suh, OK	1
Choi, JH	1
Bhatia, J	1
Sreenan, C	1
Lemke, RP	1
Hudson-Mason, A	1
Osiovich, H	1
Lowry, JA	1
Jarrett, RV	1
Wasserman, G	1
Pettett, G	1
Kauffman, RE	1
Subramaniam, P	1
Barrington, KJ	2
Tan, K	1
Rich, W	1
Gannon, BA	1
Davi, MJ	1
Sankaran, K	1
Simons, KJ	1
Simons, FE	1
Seshia, MM	1
Bory, C	2
Porthault, M	2
Aranda, JV	5
Boutroy, MJ	3
Vert, P	3
Monin, P	2
Royer, RJ	2
Royer-Morrot, MJ	2
Shannon, DC	2
Gotay, F	2
Stein, IM	1
Rogers, MC	1
Todres, ID	1
Moylan, FM	1
Turmen, T	1
Baillie, E	1
Brazier, JL	1
Renaud, H	1
Ribon, B	1
Salle, BL	1
King, DM	1
Heeley, AF	1
Kuzemko, JA	1
James, T	1
Blessa, M	1
Boggs, TR	1
Tin, AA	1
Pagani, G	1
Raponi, S	1
Petrone, M	1
Wells, DH	1
Ferlauto, JJ	1
Neese, AL	1
Soyka, LF	1
Mercer, H	1
Kinsun, H	1
Moulin, MA	1
Venezia, R	1
Laloum, D	1
Bigot, MC	1
Loughnan, PM	2
Mc Namara, JM	1
Latini, R	2
Assael, BM	2
Bonati, M	1
Gerna, M	2
Mandelli, M	2
Marini, A	2
Sereni, F	2
Tognoni, G	2
Eisenberg, W	1
Holzgraefe, E	1
Naim, M	1
Dietrich, J	1
Reidenberg, M	1
Drayer, DE	1
Frisch, H	1
Müller, W	1
Irnberger, E	1
Hart, BA	1
Menke, J	1
Nobel, PA	1
Light, GS	1
Sitar, DS	1
Parsons, WD	1
Neims, AH	1
Rosenfeld, CR	1
Dupont, C	1
Lucey, JF	1
Uauy, R	1
Shapiro, DL	1
Smith, B	1
Warshaw, JB	1
Merchant, RH	1
Sakhalkar, VS	1
Ashavaid, TF	1
Hayes, BJ	1
Hugh, A	1
Capers, CC	1
Ward, ES	1
Murphy, JE	1
Job, ML	1
Land, PA	1
Romagnoli, C	1
De Carolis, MP	1
Muzii, U	1
Zecca, E	1
Tortorolo, G	1
Chiarotti, M	1
De Giovanni, N	1
Carnevale, A	1
Upton, CJ	1
Milner, AD	1
Stokes, GM	1
Rodríguez-Palomares, C	1
Udaeta-Mora, E	1
González-Treviño, J	1
Juárez-Olguín, H	1
Calderón-Mandujano, B	1
Prado-Serrano, A	1
Belmont-Gómez, A	1
Tay-Uyboco, J	1
Cates, DB	1
Seifert, B	1
Hasan, SU	1
Pickens, DL	1
Schefft, GL	1
Storch, GA	1
Closa, RM	1
Tarres Roure, A	1
Gómez Papi, A	1
Casasin Edo, T	1
Meek, JH	1
Pettit, BR	1
Muttitt, SC	1
Tierney, AJ	1
Bairam, A	1
Badonnel, Y	1
Loisel, DB	1
Smith, MM	1
MacDonald, MG	1
Frank, M	1
Spitzer, AR	1
Fox, WW	1
McCulloch, K	1
Vidyasagar, D	1
Walther, FJ	1
Sims, ME	2
Siassi, B	1
Wu, PY	2
Reinhardt, D	1
Kusenbach, G	1
Yau, G	1
Rambhatla, S	1
Cabal, L	1
Lyon, AJ	1
McIntosh, N	1
Thoman, EB	1
Davis, DH	1
Raye, JR	1
Philipps, AF	1
Rowe, JC	1
Denenberg, VH	1
Brouard, C	1
Moriette, G	1
Murat, I	1
Flouvat, B	1
Pajot, N	1
Walti, H	1
de Gamarra, E	1
Relier, JP	1
You, JE	1
Simonnet, C	1
Strauss, AA	1
Modanlou, HD	1
Komatsu, G	1
Mengarda, G	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Prospective, Controlled Trial of Inhalation of Low Concentration of CO2 in Preterm Infants Not Responding to Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity[NCT01911182]	Phase 2/Phase 3	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment rate)
[NCT01066728]	Phase 2/Phase 3	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
WAVE Trial in Premature Infants With Apnea of Prematurity Using a Simple, Non-invasive Vibratory Device to Study the Effectiveness in Supporting Breathing and General Stability[NCT04528030]		17 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in Neonates[NCT00609882]		420 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Adaptive Dynamic Inspiratory Nasal Apparatus (ADINA): Comparison to High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC)[NCT03171129]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
High Flow Nasal Cannula vs Bubble Nasal CPAP for the Treatment of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn in Infants ≥ 35 Weeks Gestation[NCT01270581]		7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to lack of sufficient enrollment)
Post-extubation High-flow Nasal Oxygen vs. Conventional Oxygen in Patients Recovered From Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure for Preventing Extubation Failure[NCT03361683]		127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-01	Completed
Comparison of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy to Nasal Oxygen (O2) as a Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Infants[NCT02858154]		9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
Observational, Cross-over Study of the Positive Distending Pressure Generated by Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula as Compared to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure[NCT00356668]	Phase 3	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

All subjects will receive 3-4 hours of experimental treatment (HFNC) during a research portion of a PSG and then for the 6-8 hours of clinically ordered PSG will receive low flow oxygen by nasal cannula. (NCT02858154)
Timeframe: end of visit (12 hours)

Average AHI Diagnostic Sleep Study Compared to Average AHI With Improvement in OSA With HFNC

Intervention	events/hour (Mean)
	AHI from diagnostic sleep study	AHI from improvement in OSA with low flow oxygen by nasal cannula
Average AHI Diagnostic Study Compared to Average AHI With Improvement in OSA With Low Flow Oxygen	13.44	4.9

AHI will be compared from diagnostic sleep study to average AHI with improvement in OSA with HFNC (NCT02858154)
Timeframe: End of visit (12 hours)

Article	Year
Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Overview of Meta-Analyses. Paediatric drugs, 2020, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intensive	2020
Use of methylxanthine therapies for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity. Paediatric drugs, 2014, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Citrates; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Infant, Prema	2014
Doxapram Treatment for Apnea of Prematurity: A Systematic Review. Neonatology, 2017, Volume: 111, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Doxapram; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infa	2017
Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Jan-20, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2010
Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Dec-08, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infa	2010
Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Dec-08, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; I	2010
Prophylactic methylxanthines for extubation in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2003, Issue:1 Topics: Caffeine; Central Nervous System Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Prematu	2003
Methylxanthines for the treatment of apnea associated with bronchiolitis and anesthesia. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Apnea; Bronchiolitis; Caffeine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infan	2004
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of theophylline in human neonates, children, and adults. Drug metabolism reviews, 1983, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Apnea; Asthma; Biotransformation; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Child; Female; Half-Lif	1983
The pharmacology and therapeutic use of theophylline. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Apnea; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; C	1984
Theophylline misadventures: Part I. Neonatal network : NN, 1994, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jurisprudence; Respiratory	1994
Pharmacologic management of apnea of prematurity. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 1996, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature,	1996
Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Doxapram; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Disea	2000
Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2000
Kinesthetic stimulation versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Beds; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant,	2000
Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Positive-Pressure Re	2000
Prophylactic methylxanthine for extubation in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Caffeine; Central Nervous System Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Prematu	2000
Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infa	2000
Current options in the management of apnea of prematurity. Clinical pediatrics, 2000, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Doxapram; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prema	2000
Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000, Issue:4 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Doxapram; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Disea	2000
Methylxanthine treatment for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infa	2001
Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Positive-Pressure Re	2001
Theophylline or caffeine: which is best for apnea of prematurity? Neonatal network : NN, 2000, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Citrates; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; In	2000
Apnea and periodic breathing. Seminars in perinatology, 1977, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Cheyne-Stokes Respiration; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prematur	1977
Methylxanthines in apnea of prematurity. Clinics in perinatology, 1979, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Respi	1979

Article	Year
A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. The Journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I	2008
A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. The Journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I	2008
A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. The Journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I	2008
A randomized controlled trial of theophylline versus CO2 inhalation for treating apnea of prematurity. The Journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I	2008
Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea of prematurity: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2009, Volume: 45, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Drug Therapy, Combination	2009
Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in preterm neonates during the first month of life. Saudi medical journal, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Inf	2004
An evaluation of theophylline for idiopathic apnea of infancy. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, D	1984
Apnoea of immaturity. 1. A controlled trial of theophylline and face mask continuous positive airways pressure. Archives of disease in childhood, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Monitoring, P	1982
Aminophylline versus caffeine citrate for apnea and bradycardia prophylaxis in premature neonates. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 1995, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Citrates; Drug Combinations; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prematur	1995
Erythropoietin levels during theophylline treatment in premature infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1994, Volume: 124, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Erythropoietin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theo	1994
Comparative effects of theophylline and caffeine on respiratory function of prematurely born infants. Early human development, 1998, Jan-09, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	1998
Comparison of the effects of theophylline and caffeine on serum erythropoietin concentration in premature infants. European journal of pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 157, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Apnea; Caffeine; Erythropoietin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Prematu	1998
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 107, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prem	2001
Theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 89, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Wei	1976
Prophylactic theophylline infusion for prevention of apnea of prematurity. Indian pediatrics, 1992, Volume: 29, Issue:11 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Birth Weight; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infusions,	1992
Obstructive, mixed, and central apnea in the neonate: physiologic correlates. The Journal of pediatrics, 1992, Volume: 121, Issue:6 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Doxapram; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infa	1992
Theophylline versus caffeine: comparative effects in treatment of idiopathic apnea in the preterm infant. The Journal of pediatrics, 1987, Volume: 110, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseas	1987
Limitations of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1985, Volume: 139, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Random Alloca	1985
Theophylline affects sleep-wake state development in premature infants. Neuropediatrics, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Theophyll	1985
Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1985, Volume: 139, Issue:7 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Tachycardia; Theophylline	1985

Article	Year
Factors affecting the efficacy and safety of aminophylline in treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics and neonatology, 2019, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant	2019
Predictive Factors for Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Theophylline for Extubation in Infants with Apnea of Prematurity. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:7 Topics: Airway Extubation; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; I	2016
Theophylline for acute renal vasoconstriction associated with tacrolimus: a new indication for an old therapeutic agent? Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2003, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Aminophylline; Animals; Calcineurin Inhibitors; Child; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Graft Rejection;	2003
[TREATMENT OF POSTNATAL RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH A METHYLATROPINE-PAPAVERINE-THEOPHYLLINE PREPARATION]. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1965, Jan-15, Volume: 43 Topics: Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Pr	1965
Effect of theophylline on neurotransmitters in preterm infants with apnea. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1983, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Biogenic Amines; Catecholamines; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prematur	1983
T4 levels in methylxanthine-treated premature newborns. Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.), 1983, Volume: 3, Issue:3-4 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Theoph	1983
Assessment of cardiovascular effects to theophylline in premature newborns by means of serial echocardiography. Acta paediatrica Scandinavica, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Echocardiography; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophy	1984
Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of biogenic amine metabolites in idiopathic apnea of prematurity. Biology of the neonate, 1983, Volume: 43, Issue:1-2 Topics: Apnea; Glycols; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Methoxyhydr	1983
Plasma theophylline and caffeine and plasma clearance of theophylline during theophylline treatment in the first year of life. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1983
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion in a preterm infant who was receiving oral theophylline. Australian paediatric journal, 1983, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Apnea; Female; Humans; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Pr	1983
Plasma xanthine levels in premature infants treated for apnoea with theophylline. Journal of clinical and hospital pharmacy, 1983, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Theophylline; Xanth	1983
Plasma glucose changes in preterm infants during oral theophylline therapy. The Journal of pediatrics, 1983, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Blood Glucose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1983
Undetected episodes of prolonged apnea and severe bradycardia in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 1983, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Bradycardia; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Infant,	1983
The efficacy of theophylline in premature infants with mixed and obstructive apnea and apnea associated with pulmonary and neurologic disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 100, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Infant, Newborn; I	1982
Influence of food intake on bioavailability of theophylline in premature infants. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Biological Availability; Food; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Pr	1982
Cross validation of serum to saliva relationships of caffeine, theophylline and total methylxanthines in neonates. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1982, Volume: 4, Issue:1-2 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Saliva; Theophylline; Xanthin	1982
[Use of caffeine in the treatment of apnea in premature infants]. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1982, Volume: 4 Suppl Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Theophylline; Time	1982
Effects of water beds on the sleep and motility of theophylline-treated preterm infants. Pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 70, Issue:6 Topics: Beds; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Movement; Sleep; Sleep Apn	1982
Caffeine and theophylline: serum/CSF correlation in premature infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1980, Volume: 96, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Blood-Brain Barrier; Caffeine; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prema	1980
Theophylline metabolism in premature infants. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1981, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Biotransformation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1981
[Apnea and theophylline in the premature infant. Clinical and pharmacokinetic study in 32 premature infants]. Pediatrie, 1981, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Theophylline	1981
[Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine in premature infants with apnea (author's transl)]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, 1981, Volume: 129, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Protein Binding; Th	1981
Theophylline in treatment of apnoea of prematurity. Australian paediatric journal, 1981, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1981
Use of salivary concentrations in the prediction of serum caffeine and theophylline concentrations in premature infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1980, Volume: 96, Issue:3 Pt 1 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Regression Analysis; Saliva;	1980
Theophylline-induced seizures in accidentally overdosed neonates. Pediatrics, 1980, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Seizures; Theophylline	1980
Bacterial infection in preterm infants during xanthine therapy for idiopathic apnoea of prematurity. Australian paediatric journal, 1980, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Dise	1980
Plasma concentration-effect relationship of theophylline in treatment of apnea in preterm infants. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1980, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Gestational Age; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Re	1980
Oxygen consumption in apneic premature infants after low-dose theophylline. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Theop	1980
Factors affecting theophylline pharmacokinetics in premature infants with apnea. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Age Factors; Apnea; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinet	1980
Developmental outcome of premature infants treated with theophylline. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Growth; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1980
Simultaneous determination of theophylline and caffeine after extractive alkylation in small volumes of plasma by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography, 1980, Nov-14, Volume: 221, Issue:1 Topics: Alkylation; Apnea; Caffeine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	1980
Theophylline infusion for prevention of apnea of prematurity. Indian pediatrics, 1993, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infusions, Intravenous	1993
Higher adenosine dosage required for supraventricular tachycardia in infants treated with theophylline. Clinical pediatrics, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Tachycardia, Paroxys	1993
Impact of theophylline use in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Journal of the National Medical Association, 1996, Volume: 88, Issue:7 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Electrocardiography; Humans; Infant	1996
Theophylline concentration following equal doses of intravenous aminophylline and oral theophylline in preterm infants. American journal of perinatology, 1997, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminophylline; Apnea; Birth Weight; Bronchodilator Agents; Gestational Age; Hu	1997
Methylxanthines and sensorineural outcome at 14 years in children < 1501 g birthweight. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Developmental Disabilit	2000
Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and caffeine after intravenous administration of aminophylline to premature neonates in Korea. Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology, 1999, Volume: 105, Issue:1-2 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Inf	1999
Theophylline toxicokinetics in premature newborns. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2001, Volume: 155, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, N	2001
Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; I	2002
Physiologic changes induced by theophylline in the treatment of apnea in preterm infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1978, Volume: 92, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Blood; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Functional Residual Capacity; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentrati	1978
Biotransformation of theophylline to caffeine in premature newborn. Lancet (London, England), 1978, Dec-02, Volume: 2, Issue:8101 Topics: Administration, Oral; Apnea; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature	1978
Methylation of theophylline to caffeine in premature infants. Lancet (London, England), 1979, Apr-14, Volume: 1, Issue:8120 Topics: Apnea; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Methylatio	1979
Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low-birthweight infants. Pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Bradycardia; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant	1975
Dosage schedule for intravenous aminophylline in apnoea of prematurity, based on pharmacokinetic studies. Archives of disease in childhood, 1979, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prematu	1979
Plasma xanthine levels in low birthweight infants treated or not treated with theophylline. Archives of disease in childhood, 1979, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mil	1979
Half life of theophylline in the preterm baby with apnoeic attacks. Archives of disease in childhood, 1979, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1979
Recurrent hyperglycemia associated with sepsis in a neonate. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1979, Volume: 133, Issue:6 Topics: Ampicillin; Blood Glucose; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Infant, Newborn;	1979
Effects of theophylline on serum and urine electrolytes in preterm infants with apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Theophylline; Water-Elect	1979
Interconversion of theophylline and caffeine in newborn infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Apnea; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Disease	1979
Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in premature newborn infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; The	1979
Caffeine, a metabolite of theophylline during the treatment of apnea in the premature infant. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Theophyl	1979
[Treatment of apnea crisis in premature infants with a loading dose of theophylline]. Minerva pediatrica, 1979, Jan-31, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Injections, Intravenous; Male;	1979
Survival after massive aminophylline overdose in a premature infant. Pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Aminophylline; Diseases in Twins; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Medi	1979
Development of a radioimmunoassay for theophylline. Application to studies in premature infants. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1977, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Aminophylline; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Apnea; Binding, Competitive; Cross Reactions; Goats; H	1977
Theophylline and apnoeas of prematurity. The Medical journal of Australia, 1977, Nov-26, Volume: 2, Issue:22 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1977
[Fast and accurate method for theophylline analysis in preterm babies using gas chromatography and nitrogen selective detector (NFID) (author's transl)]. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1978, Mar-15, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Methods; Theophylline	1978
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during theophylline therapy in a premature infant. The Journal of pediatrics, 1978, Volume: 92, Issue:6 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Half-Life; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Disea	1978
Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1978, May-31, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kinetics; Theophylline	1978
Micro-method for the determination of caffeine and theophylline allowing direct application of biological fluids to thin-layer chromatography plates. Journal of chromatography, 1978, Jul-01, Volume: 146, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant	1978
[Theophylline for prevention of apnea in premature infants (author's transl)]. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1978, Volume: 126, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Tachycardia; Theophylline	1978
Alterations in state in apneic pre-term infants receiving theophylline. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1978, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Sleep; Sleep Stages; The	1978
[Prevention of neonatal apnea with theophylline (author's transl)]. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1978, Volume: 126, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Tachycardia;	1978
Relationship between plasma and whole blood theophylline concentration in neonates. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Plasma; Theophylline	1979
Theophylline-induced diuresis in the neonate. The Journal of pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 90, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Dehydration; Diuresis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Polyuria;	1977
Effect of exchange transfusion on elimination of theophylline in premature neonates. The Journal of pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 91, Issue:2 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Bl	1977
Pharmacokinetic aspects of theophylline in premature newborns. The New England journal of medicine, 1976, Aug-19, Volume: 295, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Blood Proteins; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature,	1976
Letter: Questions on theophylline. Pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 58, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1976
Metabolic effect of theophylline in the premature neonate. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 89, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Blood Glucose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1976
The xanthine treatment of apnea of prematurity. Pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Di	1975
Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline. Pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Apnea; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Recur	1975
Use of theophylline in neonates as an aid to ventilator weaning. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1992
Effectiveness and side effects of two different doses of caffeine in preventing apnea in premature infants. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Blood Pressure; Caffeine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infa	1992
Apnoea, bradycardia, and oxygen saturation in preterm infants. Archives of disease in childhood, 1991, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Spec No Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Longitudinal Studi	1991
[Post-dosage loading concentrations of theophylline and pharmacokinetic study after the fifth maintenance dosage in premature newborns with apnea]. Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico, 1991, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Apnea; Drug Administration Schedule; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infan	1991
Clinical and physiological responses to prolonged nasogastric administration of doxapram for apnea of prematurity. Biology of the neonate, 1991, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Doxapram; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Ne	1991
Characterization of prolonged apneic episodes associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatric pulmonology, 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Respiration; Resp	1989
[Monitoring theophylline in premature newborn infants]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1989, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Monitoring, Physio	1989
Avoidable accumulation of potentially toxic levels of benzothiazoles in babies receiving intravenous therapy. Lancet (London, England), 1985, Nov-16, Volume: 2, Issue:8464 Topics: Benzothiazoles; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Di	1985
The dose response of theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. The Journal of pediatrics, 1988, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Drug Administration Schedule; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Disease	1988
Plasma theophylline levels as related to toxicity in infants with severe chronic lung disease. Neonatal network : NN, 1987, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Lung Diseases; Male;	1987
Theophylline: a closer look. Neonatal network : NN, 1987, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Theophylline	1987
Infant apnea. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Cardiography, Impedance; Home Nursing; Humans; Inf	1986
Infantile apnea. American family physician, 1986, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Breast Feeding; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, New	1986
Cardiac output changes secondary to theophylline therapy in preterm infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1986, Volume: 109, Issue:5 Topics: Aminophylline; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Echocardiography; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn	1986
[Peculiarities of drug therapy in childhood]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, 1986, Volume: 134, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Biological Availability; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dexamethasone;	1986
Rectal aminophylline in the management of apnoea of prematurity. Archives of disease in childhood, 1985, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Recurrence; Suppositorie	1985
[Role of a hypertonic theophylline solution and blood transfusion in necrotizing colitis]. Pediatrie, 1985, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Blood; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prema	1985
Theophylline toxicity in a preterm infant: selected clinical aspects. Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.), 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Charcoal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Pre	1985
[The association of theophylline, papaverine and methylatropine in the treatment of the idiopathic respiratory syndrome in premature infants]. Minerva pediatrica, 1968, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:37 Topics: Asphyxia Neonatorum; Atropine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Papaverine; Res	1968

theophylline and Infant, Premature, Diseases