Page last updated: 2024-08-21

tetramethylpyrazine and Inflammation

tetramethylpyrazine has been researched along with Inflammation in 37 studies

Research

Studies (37)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's1 (2.70)29.6817
2010's18 (48.65)24.3611
2020's18 (48.65)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Edwards, BS; Graves, SW; Saunders, MJ; Sklar, LA; Zhu, J1
Gao, P; Hao, X; Liu, X; Xu, H; Zhan, P; Zou, J1
Le, G; Lin, X; Zhu, Y1
Bian, Y; He, J; Hu, S; Wang, S1
Chen, M; Chen, X; Jiang, R; Liu, J; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Yin, M; Zhang, Y1
Gao, J; Liu, J; Ma, X; Ren, J; Shi, D; Song, L; Zhang, Y1
Cheng, J; Dong, L; Ji, Y; Li, L; Wang, H; Wu, Z; Yao, W; Zhang, D; Zhao, C1
Ji, K; Li, J; Luo, CC; Pan, QQ; Tian, Z; Yang, CK; Zhou, HY1
Chen, X; Cheng, Q; Cui, L; Huang, C; Huang, H; Liu, X; Lu, Y; Luo, C; Luo, Z; Mu, Q; Sun, R; Syeda, MZ; Tang, L; Wu, S; Yao, K; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhu, X1
Dong, H; Feng, Y; Zheng, L1
Chang, YR; Chen, MC; Chen, RJ; Huang, CY; Kuo, CH; Kuo, WW; Li, CC; Roy, R; Tsai, BC; Wang, TF; Yao, CH1
He, Y; Li, Q; Sun, H; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Xing, W; Xu, X1
Fan, X; Tang, W; Wang, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, J1
Du, J; Jiao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, S1
Alharbi, KS; Alotaibi, BS; Alotaibi, MR; Alotaibi, NH; Alotaibi, NM; Alruwaili, NK; Alzarea, AI; Bukhari, SNA1
Dong, J; Fu, Y; Jing, F; Li, G; Liu, S; Pan, R; Tang, H; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Yan, X1
An, W; Duan, Y; Wang, J; Wu, Y1
Guo, Z; He, S; Hu, Z; Jiang, K; Lin, C; Su, H; Yuan, G; Zeng, Y; Zhong, F1
Cui, L; Gong, L; Hou, G; Hou, Y; Jiang, P; Lu, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, W1
Gong, S; Li, B; Li, Y; Pan, J; Qian, J; Qu, H; Wang, Y; Xiong, D; Ye, T; Zhang, L1
Huang, H; Kong, L; Luan, S; Qi, C; Wu, F1
Chang, Y; Chen, Y; Li, J; Li, L; Li, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Q; Yang, D; Yu, B; Zhai, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, P; Zhao, X1
Chen, L; Liu, J; Liu, T; Wang, Q1
Jin, H; Qu, J; Wang, Y; Yu, T1
Bai, XY; Cao, Z; Du, PC; Hou, Y; Wang, XF; Zhang, LS1
Du, S; He, G; Sun, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zhou, L; Zhou, P; Zhuo, LH1
Li, Y; Zhang, T; Zhou, Y; Zhu, Z1
Chen, B; Huang, DD; Huang, HH; Li, DG; Yang, Q; Yuan, CL; Zhang, LM1
Lin, L; Liu, N; Wang, JP; Wang, JQ; Zhang, FK1
Fu, X; Hao, B; Lei, B; Lin, R; Liu, J; Qiu, Y; Yang, L; Yu, P1
Chen, J; Chen, Y; Fan, Y; Gao, C; Li, W; Liu, D; Pan, S; Wang, H1
Kim, SY; Min, S; Yeom, GG1
Chen, YJ; Gong, JY; Huang, CS; Pan, ZH; Wang, F1
Lian, N; Lu, C; Lu, Y; Wu, X; Xiong, X; Zhang, F; Zheng, S1
Luo, YC; Wang, Q; Xiang, QW1
Chen, XB; Hao, J; Jin, BL; Wang, SQ; Wu, HJ1
Hu, JZ; Huang, JH; Li, JH; Li, XM; Lu, HB; Xiao, ZM1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for tetramethylpyrazine and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Recent progress in the structural modification and pharmacological activities of ligustrazine derivatives.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2018, Mar-10, Volume: 147

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines

2018

Trials

2 trial(s) available for tetramethylpyrazine and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Effect of DLT-SML on Chronic Stable Angina Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Correcting Dyslipidemia, and Regulating Gut Microbiota.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2021, 02-19, Volume: 77, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Angina, Stable; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Biomarkers; China; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dysbiosis; Dyslipidemias; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipids; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

2021
[Effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride on coagulation reaction and inflammation reaction in single valve replacement patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass].
    Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Coagulation; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease

2014

Other Studies

34 other study(ies) available for tetramethylpyrazine and Inflammation

ArticleYear
Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
    Current protocols in cytometry, 2010, Volume: Chapter 13

    Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Green Fluorescent Proteins; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Inflammation; Kinetics; Microspheres; Peptide Hydrolases; Peptides; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature

2010
Tetramethylpyrazine Alleviates Tight Junction Disruption of Bronchial Mucosal Epithelial Cells Caused by Interleukin-17 via Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB-p65/Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling Pathway.
    Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, 2021, Volume: 41, Issue:11

    Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Bronchi; Cell Line; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-17; Mucous Membrane; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Tight Junctions; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

2021
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress‑activated apoptosis and related inflammation in chondrocytes.
    Molecular medicine reports, 2022, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Chondrocytes; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Heat-Shock Proteins; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Osteoarthritis; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transcription Factor CHOP

2022
Ligustrazine alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibiting TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway in keratinocyte.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2022, Volume: 150

    Topics: Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Ligusticum; NF-kappa B; Psoriasis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6

2022
Ligustrazine prevents coronary microcirculation dysfunction in rats via suppression of miR-34a-5p and promotion of Sirt1.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2022, Aug-15, Volume: 929

    Topics: Animals; Heart Diseases; Inflammation; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Pyrazines; Rats; Sirtuin 1

2022
Ligustrazine exerts neuroprotective effects via circ_0008146/miR-709/Cx3cr1 axis to inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    Brain research bulletin, 2022, Volume: 190

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Ischemia; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; MicroRNAs; Neuroprotective Agents; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Messenger

2022
[Protective mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiovascular system].
    Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 2023, Volume: 48, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Endothelial Cells; Inflammation; Mice; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Thrombosis

2023
Ligustrazine Nanoparticle Hitchhiking on Neutrophils for Enhanced Therapy of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.
    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023, Volume: 10, Issue:19

    Topics: Brain Ischemia; Humans; Inflammation; Ischemic Stroke; Nanoparticles; Neutrophils; Reperfusion Injury

2023
Ligustrazine inhibits inflammatory response of human endometrial stromal cells through the STAT3/IGF2BP1/RELA axis.
    Pharmaceutical biology, 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:1

    Topics: Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; RNA; RNA, Messenger; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Stromal Cells; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2023
Ligustrazine improves the compensative effect of Akt survival signaling to protect liver Kupffer cells in trauma-hemorrhagic shock rats.
    Chemical biology & drug design, 2023, Volume: 102, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Inflammation; Kupffer Cells; Liver; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Shock, Hemorrhagic

2023
RETRACTED: Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced damage in ATDC5 cells via down-regulating MyD88.
    Experimental and molecular pathology, 2019, Volume: 111

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Vasodilator Agents

2019
Tetramethylpyrazine Inhibits Platelet Adhesion and Inflammatory Response in Vascular Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting P38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
    Inflammation, 2020, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Cytokines; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Inflammation; Mice; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Platelet Adhesiveness; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction

2020
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates placental oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of gestational diabetes mellitus.
    Archives of pharmacal research, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Female; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyrazines

2019
Pharmacological appraisal of ligustrazine based cyclohexanone analogs as inhibitors of inflammatory markers.
    European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, Apr-30, Volume: 147

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cyclohexanones; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship

2020
Ligustrazine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced neurocognitive impairment by activating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
    International journal of molecular medicine, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Down-Regulation; Female; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Neurocognitive Disorders; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

2020
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation levels and the apoptosis of LPS‑stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR‑302b.
    International journal of molecular medicine, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:6

    Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; MicroRNAs; NF-kappa B; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2020
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-mediated inflammation.
    Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire, 2020, Volume: 98, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromones; Chronic Disease; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Morpholines; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction

2020
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Integrity by Modulating Microglia Polarization Through Activation of STAT3/SOCS3 and Inhibition of NF-кB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice.
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2021, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Polarity; Cytokines; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Endothelial Cells; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Microvessels; Neuroprotection; NF-kappa B; Phenotype; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein

2021
Combination of Danshen and ligustrazine has dual anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages and endothelial cells.
    Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2021, Feb-10, Volume: 266

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza

2021
Ligustrazine Suppresses Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Induced Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Inflammation by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.
    The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2021, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Becaplermin; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; China; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Male; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Plant Extracts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

2021
Anti-inflammatory effect of combined tetramethylpyrazine, resveratrol and curcumin in vivo.
    BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2017, Apr-27, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cartilage; Curcumin; Cytokines; Drug Combinations; Edema; Female; Inflammation; Joints; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resveratrol; Stilbenes

2017
Ligustrazine protects chondrocyte against IL-1β induced injury by regulation of SOX9/NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Journal of cellular biochemistry, 2018, Volume: 119, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; SOX9 Transcription Factor

2018
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the inflammatory response.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2018, 09-10, Volume: 503, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines

2018
Tetramethylpyrazine‑2'O‑sodium ferulate provides neuroprotection against neuroinflammation and brain injury in MCAO/R rats by suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2019, Volume: 176

    Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Chemokine CCL2; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA

2019
Ligustrazine attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of arthritis via the Sirt1/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways.
    Archives of pharmacal research, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Freund's Adjuvant; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Inflammation; Injections, Subcutaneous; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sirtuin 1; Structure-Activity Relationship

2019
Tetramethylpyrazine exerts a protective effect against injury from acute myocardial ischemia by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
    Cellular & molecular biology letters, 2019, Volume: 24

    Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Inflammation; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction

2019
Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation reduced Salmonella Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers.
    Poultry science, 2019, Aug-01, Volume: 98, Issue:8

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Gastrointestinal Contents; Inflammation; Male; Permeability; Poultry Diseases; Pyrazines; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium

2019
Retinal Transcriptome Analysis in the Treatment of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis with Tetramethylpyrazine Eye Drops.
    Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2019, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Endotoxins; Female; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ophthalmic Solutions; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Retina; Transcriptome; Uveitis

2019
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in HUVECs by inhibiting Rho/ROCK pathway.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2019, 06-18, Volume: 514, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Amides; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cytokines; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Pyridines; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; rho-Associated Kinases

2019
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine of Ephedra sinica regulates melanogenesis and inflammation in a UVA-induced melanoma/keratinocytes co-culture system.
    International immunopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 18, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Ephedra sinica; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Melanins; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Ultraviolet Rays

2014
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation in liver fibrosis and inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatic stellate cells by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
    IUBMB life, 2015, Volume: 67, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cytokines; Hepatocytes; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

2015
[Effect of ligustrazine on expression of RhoA mRNA, ROCK-II protein in the lung and airway inflammation of allergic asthma model mice].
    Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 46, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Asthma; Inflammation; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; rho-Associated Kinases; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; RNA, Messenger

2008
Protective effects of ligustrazine on TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2012, Jan-15, Volume: 674, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Chaperonin 60; Down-Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2012
Tetramethylpyrazine accelerates the function recovery of traumatic spinal cord in rat model by attenuating inflammation.
    Journal of the neurological sciences, 2013, Jan-15, Volume: 324, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Count; Cytokines; Hindlimb; I-kappa B Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Male; Motor Activity; Neutrophil Infiltration; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries

2013