tetracycline and Urinary-Tract-Infections

Tetracyclines have an unusually broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They are generally well tolerated, with relatively few side effects compared with alternative antibiotic choices. Tetracyclines also compare favorably with newer antimicrobials, i.e., oral quinolones, with respect to cost and microbial resistance. Doxycycline's and minocycline's spectrum of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic profile, and safety profile make them preferred drugs when tetracyclines are indicated in urologic infections.

Topics: Bacteria; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Tissue Distribution; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Arthritis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cephalosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Methicillin; Penicillins; Rabbits; Rats; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Methenamine; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Bronchitis; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Humans; Lincomycin; Meningococcal Infections; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Cell Wall; Cryptococcus; Edetic Acid; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; L Forms; Lysostaphin; Male; Penicillins; Protoplasts; Salmonella; Sepsis; Spheroplasts; Stomatitis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections; Whipple Disease

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Cystitis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Kanamycin; Methenamine; Methods; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tract Diseases; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Meningitis; Osteomyelitis; Oxacillin; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Inflammation; Nalidixic Acid; Naphthyridines; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital System

Sixty-two women with signs and symptoms compatible with lower urinary tract infections were randomized to receive single-dose tetracycline (2 g), multi-dose tetracycline (500 mg four times per day for 10 days), or single-dose amoxicillin (3 g). Urine cultures were obtained upon entry into the study and on days 4, 14, and 28 after therapy. Single-dose tetracycline cured 12 of 16 (75%) of women with documented urinary tract infections, compared with 15 of 16 (94%) in the multi-dose tetracycline group and 7 of 13 (54%) receiving single-dose amoxicillin. Mild nausea in 3 of 20 patients (15%) was the only complication in the single-dose tetracycline group. Two grams of single-dose tetracycline is as effective as other reported regimens regardless of the susceptibility of the initial pathogen and has minimal toxicity.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amoxicillin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

A proctocol to be administered by nurses for the management of dysuria, frequent urination, and vaginal discharge was validated. In a randomized, controlled trial, 146 women were seen by both nurse and physician and then assigned to either the nurse-proctocol treatment plan or the physician treatment plan. The clinical data collected by the nurse showed no important differences from the physicians' data. The protocol recommended that 89 percent of the patients be sent home without seeing the physician. The physicians agreed with the protocol-recommended disposition in all but two cases. All patients with complications were appropriately referred to the physician. In follow-up, more than 95 percent of both groups reported symptomatic improvement, and repeat urine cultures were negative. We conclude that the protocol can be accurately administered, makes sound recommendations, is safe, and efficiently saves physician time.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nurses; Physicians; Sulfisoxazole; Syndrome; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Infections; Urethral Diseases; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections; Urination Disorders; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases; Vaginitis

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fever; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Sepsis; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pyuria; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlortetracycline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Demeclocycline; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Methacycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infections; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Function Tests; Methacycline; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Yeasts

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Pyridines; Pyridoxine; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Hargeisa, Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted at HGH, Hargeisa, Somaliland and participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 422 participants and cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined for the isolates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of UTI was 16.4% (95% CI 13.3-19.9). The predominant bacteria isolate was E. coli (43.5%) followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 11(16%), S. aureus 9(13%), K. pneumonia 6(8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5(7.2%), Proteus mirabilis 4(5.8%), Citrobacter spp 3(4.4%) and M. morganii 1(1.5%) Gram negative bacilli were resistant to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (71.4%) and Gram-positive cocci were also resistant to ampicillin (90%), tetracycline (55%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.5% of bacterial isolated. No formal education participants, previous history of catheterization and previous history of UTI had 3.18, 3.22 and 3.73 times respectively more likely to develop UTI than their counterparts. Culture and susceptibility test is vital for appropriate management of UTI in the study area.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Djibouti; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hospitals; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance remains the major problem, with significant health and socioeconomic burden, particularly in developing countries. This infection is commonly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, principally by Escherichia coli. So, this study aimed to determine bacterial isolates and antimicrobial resistance trend among patients with urinary tract infection at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted from January 1st to February 28th. A ten years (2010-2019) record of urine culture results, the biochemical test and antimicrobial susceptibility test results of isolates were collected from the medical microbiology laboratory register using a checklist. Data quality was checked, entered, and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We have presented results through descriptive tables and graphs. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection among 4441 patients was 24.1%. Escherichia coli (37.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (9.1%) were the predominant uropathogens. The infection rate was nearly similar across both sexes but highest in the age group above 60 years. Above 75% of Gram-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin (92.5%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (80.1%), tetracycline (79.3%), cefuroxime (79.2%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78.3%). Over 2/3 of Gram-positive isolates also showed increased resistance to tetracycline (84.8%) and penicillin (71.6%). Moreover, more than 44% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). We have seen an inconsistent trend of antimicrobial resistance, with an overall resistance rate of above 50%. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was high and elderly patients were most affected. More than 70% of both Gram positive and gram-negative isolates were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, cefuroxime, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Above than 44% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance calls for routine diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A prospective multicenter study indicating the status of resistance should be encouraged.

Topics: Aged; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cefuroxime; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Ethiopia; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a leading pathogen contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance.. To better understand factors associated with the heterogeneity of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in France.. This cross-sectional study performed from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was based on data collected via PRIMO (Surveillance and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes), a nationwide clinical laboratory surveillance system in France. Strains of E coli isolated from community urine samples from January 1 to December 31, 2019, from 59 administrative departments of metropolitan France were included.. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to assess the associations between several ecological factors available on government and administration websites between 2010 and 2020 (demographic population structure, living conditions, baseline health care services, antibiotic consumptions, economic indicators, animal farming density, and environmental characteristics) and the number of ESBL-producing E coli strains isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI in 2019.. Among 444 281 E coli isolates from urine samples tested in 1013 laboratories, the mean prevalence of ESBL-producing E coli was 3.0% (range, 1.4%-8.8%). In an adjusted model, the number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs in each department was positively associated with the percentage of children younger than 5 years (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.112 [95% CI, 0.040-0.185]; P = .004), overcrowded households (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.049 [95% CI, 0.034 to 0.062]; P < .001), consumption of fluoroquinolones (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.002 [95% CI, 0.001-0.002]; P < .001), and tetracyclines (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.0002 [0.00004 to 0.00039]; P = .02), and poultry density (adjusted β1 coefficient, 0.0001 [95% CI, 0.0001-0.0002]; P < .001). The social deprivation index (adjusted β1 coefficient, -0.115 [95% CI, -0.165 to -0.064]; P < .001) and the proportion of water surface area (adjusted β1 coefficient, -0.052 [-0.081 to -0.024]; P = .001) were negatively associated with a higher number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs.. The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that multiple human health, animal health, and environmental factors are associated with the occurence of community-acquired ESBL E coli UTI. Strategies to mitigate ESBL in the community should follow the One Health approach and address the role played by fluoroquinolones, tetracycline use, poultry density, overcrowded households, and preschool-aged children.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Water

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) as the most important bacterial agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses a wide treasure of virulence genes and factors. In due to this default, the aim of this research was to detect and identify some important virulence genes including cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB in isolated UPEC pathotypes. In this research, clinical samples of urine were collected in Shahr-e-Qods, Tehran, Iran. The UPEC pathotypes were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. The DNAs of isolated bacteria were extracted. The genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were run for multiplex PCR and gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the antibiogram was done for the isolated UPEC strains by 11 common antibiotics. In accordance with the results, the virulence genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were respectively recognized in 100%, 51.2%, 38.4%, 9.3%, and 0% of isolated UPEC pathotypes. In consequence, the final virulence gene profiling of the isolated UPEC strains was patterned as cnf1, cnf1-upaH, cnf1-upaH-hlyA, and cnf1-upaH-hlyA-ibeA. The chi-square tests showed no significant correlations between virulence gene profile and UTIs, between virulence gene profile and antibiotic resistance, and between virulence genes and different types of UTIs. The cnf1 virulence gene contributes in the occurrence of all types of UTIs. In contrast to cnf1, the cdtB gene was absent in the isolated UPEC strains in this investigation. The most ineffective antibiotics were recognized as Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidixic acid, respectively, while Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin are the best options for UTIs treatment.

Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Virulence; Virulence Factors

Balantidium coli, a parasitic unicellular ciliate, often causes asymptomatic balantidiasis of the colon, but extraintestinal disease may occur rarely in immunosuppressed individuals. Renal balantidiasis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported before.. We present a case of a 48-year-old Thai woman who presented with nephrotic syndrome due to systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. Initially, few B. coli cysts were found in urine sediment, but these increased substantially following treatment with prednisolone. She made an uneventful recovery with 10 days of oral tetracycline therapy. No B. coli cysts were found in her stool.. The route of infection in our patient was unclear but is likely to have been orofecal. Neither her infection nor its treatment caused a deterioration in her renal function.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lupus Nephritis; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is an essential diagnostic procedure to determine the correct course of treatment for various types of pathogen infections. Patients are treated with broad spectrum antibiotics until AST results become available, which has contributed to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria worldwide. Conventional AST methods require 16-24 h to assess sensitivity of the bacteria to a given drug and establish its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A rapid AST assay can assist clinicians in making an informed choice of targeted therapy and avoid unnecessary overprescription. Here, we have developed a highly parallelized droplet microfluidic platform that can screen four antibiotics/pathogens simultaneously and assess antibiotic sensitivity in 15-30 min. The device consists of four integrated microdroplet arrays, each hosting over 8000 docking sites, which can be operated individually or jointly for greater flexibility of operation. Small numbers (1-4) of bacterial cells were entrapped in droplets of 110 pL volume and monitored dynamically over 2 h. This imaging-based AST approach was used to determine the growth rates of four types of clinically relevant bacteria known to cause urinary tract infection (UTI) in millions of patients. We quantified doubling times of both Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) with varying levels of antibiotic resistance. Six concentrations of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics (oxacillin and tetracycline, respectively) were tested to determine the MIC of the strains as well as the heterogeneity in growth profiles of bacteria at single cell resolution. The MIC determined from phenotypic analysis in droplets matched the MIC obtained from broth microdilution method for all strains. The advantages of the proposed droplet-based AST, including rapid drug sensitivity response, morphological analysis, and heterogeneity in antibiotic-resistance profiles, make it an excellent alternative to standard phenotypic AST with potential applications in clinical diagnostics and point of care testing.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Oxacillin; Particle Size; Staphylococcus aureus; Surface Properties; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Piercing; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Cellulitis; Ciprofloxacin; Communicable Diseases; Cyanosis; Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estrogens; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Otitis; Penicillin V; Phenazopyridine; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tick Bites; Travel-Related Illness; Urinary Tract Infections; Young Adult

The study aimed to identify the proportion of tetM-positive Ureaplasma spp. isolates phenotypically susceptible to tetracycline by real-time PCR. Ureaplasma spp. strains of urogenital origin were isolated from 100 female or male adults on A7 agar plates. The presence of Ureaplasma was confirmed by the presence of urease gene by a novel real-time PCR method. Genotyping and sensitivity to tetracyclines were examined using commercial methods. The tetM gene was detected by a novel real-time PCR method especially designed for this study. Ureaplasma parvum was isolated from 87 of the specimens; Ureaplasma urealyticum, from 12; and both species were isolated from a single specimen. All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to tetracyclines. Thirty-five strains were tetM carriers; 29 (82.9%), U. parvum; 5 (14.3%), U. urealyticum; and 1 (2.9%), U. parvum/U. urealyticum. No statistically significant difference was observed between the 3 groups. Four (40%) tetM carriers were isolated from 10 symptomatic men; 11 (32.4%), from 34 symptomatic women; and 20 (35.7%), from 56 asymptomatic women. No statistically significant difference was observed between the 3 groups. The tetM determinant is detected in 35% of phenotypically susceptible to tetracycline Ureaplasma spp. Greek isolates. The use of a real-time PCR technique is particularly helpful, as it makes its detection easy; cost-effective; rapid; and, therefore, more convenient for the surveillance of the dissemination of the tetM resistance gene.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Greece; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetracycline; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) has been implicated in urinary tract infections but the microbiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains are poorly investigated. In this study, 87 isolates recovered from urine samples of patients who had attended the Spedali Civili of Brescia (Italy) and had single organism GBS cultured were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular characterization of macrolide and levofloxacin resistance, PCR-based capsular typing and analysis of surface protein genes. By automated broth microdilution method, all isolates were susceptible to penicillin, cefuroxime, cefaclor, and ceftriaxone; 80%, 19.5% and 3.4% of isolates were non-susceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin, and levofloxacin, respectively. Macrolide resistance determinants were iMLS(B) (n=1), cMLS(B) (n=10) and M (n=5), associated with ermTR, ermB and mefA/E. Levofloxacin resistance was linked to mutations in gyrA and parC genes. Predominant capsular types were III, Ia, V, Ib and IX. Type III was associated with tetracycline resistance, while type Ib was associated with levofloxacin resistance. Different capsular type-surface protein gene combinations (serotype V-alp2, 3; serotype III-rib; serotype Ia-epsilon) were detected. A variety of capsular types are involved in significant bacteriuria. The emergence of multidrug resistant GBS may become a significant public health concern and highlights the importance of careful surveillance to prevent the emergence of these virulent GBS.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefaclor; Ceftriaxone; Cefuroxime; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; DNA Gyrase; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Levofloxacin; Penicillins; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Antibiotic selection is challenging in patients with severe β-lactam allergy due to declining reliability of alternate antibiotics. Organisms isolated from these patients may exhibit unique resistance phenotypes. The objective of this study was to determine which alternate antibiotics or combinations provide adequate empirical therapy for patients with β-lactam allergy who develop Gram-negative infections at our institution. We further sought to determine the effects of risk factors for drug resistance on empirical adequacy. A retrospective analysis was conducted for adult patients hospitalized from September 2009 to May 2010 who had a severe β-lactam allergy and a urine, blood, or respiratory culture positive for a Gram-negative organism and who met predefined criteria for infection. Patient characteristics, culture and susceptibility data, and predefined risk factors for antibiotic resistance were collected. Adequacies of β-lactam and alternate antibiotics were compared for all infections and selected subsets. The primary outcome was adequacy of each alternate antibiotic or combination for all infections. One hundred sixteen infections (40 pneumonias, 67 urinary tract infections, and 9 bacteremias) were identified. Single alternate agents were adequate less frequently than β-lactams and combination regimens. Only in cases without risk factors for resistance did single-agent regimens demonstrate acceptable adequacy rates; each factor conferred a doubling of risk for resistance. Resistance risk factors should be considered in selecting empirical antibiotics for Gram-negative pathogens in patients unable to take β-lactams due to severe allergy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; beta-Lactams; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Empirical Research; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem among pregnant women. Proper investigation and prompt treatment are needed to prevent serious life threatening condition and morbidity due to urinary tract infection that can occur in pregnant women. Recent report in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia indicated the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 11.6% and Gram negative bacteria was the predominant isolates and showed multi drug resistance. This study aimed to assess bacterial profile that causes urinary tract infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from March 22 to April 30, 2011. Mid stream urine samples were collected and inoculated into Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium (CLED). Colony counts yielding bacterial growth of 105/ml of urine or more of pure isolates were regarded as significant bacteriuria for infection. Colony from CLED was sub cultured onto MacConkey agar and blood agar plates. Identification was done using cultural characteristics and a series of biochemical tests. A standard method of agar disc diffusion susceptibility testing method was used to determine susceptibility patterns of the isolates.. The overall prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 10.4%. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli 47.5% followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci 22.5%, Staphylococcus aureus 10%, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 10%. Gram negative isolates were resulted low susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (51.9%) and tetracycline (40.7%) whereas Gram positive showed susceptibility to ceftriaxon (84.6%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92.3%). Multiple drug resistance (resistance to two or more drugs) was observed in 95% of the isolates.. Significant bacteriuria was observed in asymptomatic pregnant women. Periodic studies are recommended to check the outcome of asymptomatic bacteriuria and also monitor any changes in the susceptibility patterns of urinary tract pathogens in pregnant women.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asymptomatic Diseases; Bacteriuria; Ceftriaxone; Colony Count, Microbial; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Ethiopia; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

Data on more than a decade of outpatient use of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials in Europe were collected from 33 countries as part of the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project, funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).. For the period 1997-2009, data on outpatient use of systemic tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in defined daily doses (DDD; WHO, version 2011) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, trends in the use of tetracyclines (J01A), sulphonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) and other antibacterials (J01X) over time, seasonal variation and composition of use were analysed.. In 2009, the variations in outpatient use of systemic tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials between countries, and also in the composition of use over time, were huge. For tetracyclines a significant and for sulphonamides and trimethoprim a non-significant decrease in use was observed between 1997 and 2009 in Europe. The seasonal variation in their use significantly decreased over time. For the other antibacterials, no significant changes in the volume of use or its seasonal variation were seen.. As for all other major antibiotic subgroups, a striking variation in use and composition of use between countries in Europe was observed for outpatient use of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials. In combination with the decreasing use, especially of recommended substances, this represents an opportunity not only to reduce antibiotic use but also to improve its quality.

Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Utilization; Europe; Humans; Outpatients; Pharmacoepidemiology; Respiratory Tract Infections; Seasons; Statistics as Topic; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Numerous antibiotics have proven to be effective at ameliorating the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but recurrent and chronic infections continue to plague many individuals. Most UTIs are caused by strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which can form both extra- and intracellular biofilm-like communities within the bladder. UPEC also persist inside host urothelial cells in a more quiescent state, sequestered within late endosomal compartments. Here, we tested a panel of 17 different antibiotics, representing seven distinct functional classes, for their effects on the survival of the reference UPEC isolate UTI89 within both biofilms and host bladder urothelial cells. All but one of the tested antibiotics prevented UTI89 growth in broth culture, and most were at least modestly effective against bacteria present within in vitro-grown biofilms. In contrast, only a few of the antibiotics, including nitrofurantoin and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, were able to eliminate intracellular bacteria in bladder cell culture-based assays. However, in a mouse UTI model system in which these antibiotics reached concentrations in the urine specimens that far exceeded minimal inhibitory doses, UPEC reservoirs in bladder tissues were not effectively eradicated. We conclude that the persistence of UPEC within the bladder, regardless of antibiotic treatments, is likely facilitated by a combination of biofilm formation, entry of UPEC into a quiescent or semiquiescent state within host cells, and the stalwart permeability barrier function associated with the bladder urothelium.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cells, Cultured; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endosomes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Recurrence; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract Infections; Urothelium

Three types of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, called GEN S, GEN R, and AMG S, according to their three different aminoglycoside resistance patterns, were responsible for urinary tract colonization or infection in 87, 12, and 13 new patients, respectively, in a French 650-bed geriatric hospital over a 13-month period. The three E. coli types belonged to the same clone and phylogenetic group (group B2) and had identical transferable plasmid contents (a 120-kb plasmid), beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance genotypes (bla(TEM-1B), bla(CTX-M-15), and double mutations in both the gyrA and the parC genes), and virulence factor genotypes (aer, fyuA, and irp2). They disseminated in the geriatric hospital, where the antibiotics prescribed most often were fluoroquinolones and ceftriaxone, but not in the affiliated acute-care hospital, where isolation precautions were applied to the transferred patients. Thus, E. coli isolates, both CTX-M-type beta-lactamase producers and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, might present a new challenge for French health care settings.

Topics: Aged; Aminoglycosides; beta-Lactamases; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; France; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Geriatrics; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Phenotype; Plasmids; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors

Recently increase of enterococcal infections has been observed. These bacteria, mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are members of the normal flora of gastrointestinal tract but also are typical opportunistic pathogens. Enterococci are characterized by natural resistance to numerous antibiotics (among them cephalosporins), and also by easy acquired resistance to antibiotics. Infections caused by multiresistant strains are difficult in treatment, chronic, recurrent and sometimes fatal are described. Enterococcal infections are caused often by E. faecalis, rarely by E. faecium. In the last years other species of enterococci have been isolated from different clinical materials (E. casseliflavus, E. avium, E. durans, E. gallinarum). The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiotics susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. isolated from urine of children with urinary tract infection (UTI), hospitalized in the Upper Silesian Health Center of Child and Mother or treated ambulatory. Susceptibility of the 130 strains of E. faecalis and 41 E. faecium to: penicillin, tetracycline, high level of aminoglycoside (gentamycin 120 microg and streptomycin 300 microg), glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin was estimated. All isolated strains of E. faecalis (100%) were sensitive to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) and to nitrofurantoin, 96% strains were sensitive to penicillin, 43% to ciprofloxacin and 28% to tetracycline. All strains of E. faecium were sensitive to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin), 32% strains were sensitive to penicillin, 19% to tetracycline 14% to ciprofloxacin and 50% to nitrofurantoin. Twenty two strains of E. faecalis (17%) and twelve strains of E. faecium (29%) were demonstrated high level resistance to aminoglycosides (HLAR). Among HLAR strains of enterococci, were observed strains of high level resistance only to streptomycin, high level resistance only to gentamycin and high level resistance to both aminoglycosides. The HLAR strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were also resistant to other antibiotics: penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. The most frequent cause of child urinary tract infection was E. faecalis, with high sensitivity to penicillins, glycopeptides and nitrofurantoin. The increased role of E. faecium and other strains of enterococci also has been shown. These species demonstrated sensitivity to glycopeptides, but resistance to other antibiotics, routine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Poland; Streptomycin; Teicoplanin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin

We have developed a method for visualizing Escherichia coli cells that are exposed to tetracycline in a biofilm, based on a previous report that liposomes containing the E. coli TetR(B) protein fluoresce when exposed to this antibiotic. By our method, cells devoid of TetR(B) also exhibited tetracycline-dependent fluorescence. At 50 microg of tetracycline ml(-1), planktonic cells of a uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain developed maximal fluorescence after 7.5 to 10 min of exposure. A similar behavior was exhibited by cells in a 24- or 48-h UPEC biofilm, as examined by confocal laser microscopy, regardless of whether they lined empty spaces or occupied densely packed regions. Further, a comparison of phase-contrast and fluorescent images of corresponding biofilm zones showed that all the cells fluoresced. Thus, all the biofilm cells were exposed to tetracycline and there were no pockets within the biofilm where the antibiotic failed to reach. It also appeared unlikely that niches of reduced exposure to the antibiotic existed within the biofilms.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Diffusion; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fluorescence; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Plasmids; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Ultraviolet Rays; Urinary Tract Infections

Within 24 hours of returning from a five-week holiday in Pakistan a 15-year-old girl developed vomiting and massive diarrhoea leading to severe dehydration with hypovolaemic shock. The diastolic blood pressure was no longer measurable and prerenal renal failure occurred with a serum creatinine of 4.4 mg/dl and metabolic acidosis (pH 7.21, base excess-16.9 mmol). Initially treatment consisted of rehydration (day 1: 9280 ml, day 2: 4850 ml). The patient's condition rapidly improved and she had voluminous stools. A concurrent urinary infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae was first treated with cotrimoxazole. As a new strain of Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O 139, was isolated from stool, treatment was changed to tetracycline (50 mg/kg daily). Regaining a good general state she was transferred to an isolation ward on the 6th hospital day. The isolated cholera organism belongs to a nonagglutinating serogroup which is indistinguishable clinically and epidemiologically from the classical Vibrio strains which cause cholera. Since the end of 1992 this new serogroup has been causing an explosive spread of cholera in Bangladesh and India.

Topics: Adolescent; Agglutination Tests; Cholera; Dehydration; Feces; Female; Fluid Therapy; Germany; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pakistan; Serotyping; Shock; Tetracycline; Travel; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections; Vibrio cholerae

Topics: Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Nowadays the existence of bearing both T and B marker lymphocytes has generally been accepted, but their role and nature is still unknown. The effect of tetracycline on lymphocytes was examined in 26 patients with different, mainly respiratory infections. Examinations were carried out on lymphocyte populations with T and B cell count using E rosette and surface immunoglobulin as a marker. It has been shown that on the lymphocytes of patients receiving tetracycline, regularly high number of D cells are found.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Surface; Female; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Subsets; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

A group of 150 Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains isolated from urinary tract infections in women were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that these isolates were sensitive to most antimicrobial agents. All strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to tetracycline was present in 10.6% of the strains, to chloramphenicol in 4%, to erythromycin in 1.3% and to streptomycin in 1.3%. All strains were resistant to cadmium chloride as well as to novobiocin and nalidixic acid. Plasmid analysis showed that 82% of the strains harboured plasmids, some of them with complex plasmid profiles. Most plasmids were considered to be cryptic, although antibiotic resistance plasmids were identified in 18 isolates. Tetracycline resistance was encoded by a plasmid of c. 2.8 MDa, chloramphenicol resistance by a plasmid of c. 2.9 MDa and erythromycin resistance by a plasmid of c. 1.6 MDa. Streptomycin resistance could not be linked to the presence of any specific plasmid. Plasmid profiling seemed to be a good method for differentiating among S. saprophyticus strains.

Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Female; Humans; Plasmids; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

The comparative study of 44 isolates of Corynebacterium group D2, from urine, most frequently, shows the pathogenic role of these bacteria in urinary tract infection, with or without urinary stones. These microorganisms have an opportunistic behaviour in other non-urinary sites, and become pathogen in immunosuppressed conditions. The rapid tests as urease, glucose acidification, nitrate reductase, associated with multiple resistance to antibiotics (beta-lactams and aminosides) identify easily Corynebacterium group D2, from 48 h cultures under CO2 conditions. The results of MIC determination of 10 antibiotics, show the high activity (100% sensitivity) of vancomycin and pristinamycin, with MIC modes, respectively, 0.5 and 0.03 mg/l. These antibiotics are the most useful for the treatment of non-urinary infections. Among quinolones, the most active agents are ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (MIC modes: 4 and 2 mg/l), so these antimicrobials could be used for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium group D2.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enoxacin; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthyridines; Norfloxacin; Ofloxacin; Oxazines; Peptides, Cyclic; Pipemidic Acid; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin

A comparative study of the in vitro activity of norfloxacin was performed versus that of aminoglycosides, pipemidic acid, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. These antibiotics are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in the treatment of enteric and urinary tract infections. Results obtained with norfloxacin against Gram-negative isolates tested were very encouraging. MIC values for the Enterobacteriaceae were less than or equal to 0.47 mcg/ml, and for Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter less than or equal to 32.5 mcg/ml. The activity of norfloxacin against Pseudomonas was inferior to that of amikacin, but superior to that of gentamicin. In association with aminoglycosides, norfloxacin proved to be most useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections, while norfloxacin associated with tetracycline and chloramphenicol did not give satisfactory results in the treatment of enteric infections.

Topics: Acinetobacter; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Norfloxacin; Pipemidic Acid; Pseudomonas; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cystitis; Drug Combinations; Female; Fetus; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pyelonephritis; Recurrence; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections

The present work concerned the study of the sub-minimal inhibitory doses of tetracyclin, doxycyclin and minocyclin on both hemagglutinating activity and adhesion capacity demonstrated in three E. coli strains isolated from urine. Two different types of hemagglutinins, mannose-resistant (HAMR) and mannose-sensitive (HAMS), were associated in two strains; HAMR was present in the third strain. Adhesion capacity was detected, in vitro, with uroepithelial cells spontaneously eliminated in urine. Whatever the antibiotic used, HAMR titers clearly decreased. In contrast, the effect of these antibiotics on the HAMS titers was inconstant, according to the bacterial strain or the antibiotic used. Adhesion capacity was inhibited particularly in the presence of tetracyclin and doxycyclin. Minocyclin was not a very good inhibitor molecule. The analysis of coefficient of correlation showed that the ability of adhering to uroepithelial cells was related to the HA titers. But it is impossible to say if the same bacterial structure migt be considered as mediator for both HA and adhesion capacity.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Doxycycline; Escherichia coli; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Minocycline; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections

Oral treatment with tetracycline resulted in bacteriologic cure in 23 of 25 (92%) dogs with urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All 25 of the isolates of Pseudomonas spp were susceptible to in vitro concentrations of tetracycline (less than or equal to 64 microgram/ml), well below the mean urine concentrations attained in the urine of clinically normal dogs given standard oral doses of tetracycline.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

The incidence of chlamydial organisms in early morning urine specimens obtained from 53 men and 50 women without evidence of urinary tract pathology was 2 per cent in both groups. Early morning urine specimens and/or prostatic fluid or semen was examined in 50 patients with chronic prostatitis and 39 (56 per cent) yielded this organism. Of 31 patients with epididymo-orchitis the early morning urine specimens yielded chlamydiae in 12 (39 per cent) and in those with the acute form of disease the incidence was 56 per cent. The chlamydia recovery rate was 27 per cent in 119 women with cystourethritis. Within these groups of patients approximately 50 per cent of sexual partners had urine cultures positive for chlamydia. The importance of reinfection and the need for careful treatment of patients and consort should be stressed. An appropriate transport medium is necessary for specimen collection and adequate culture facilities are required to achieve effective chlamydial recovery. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were used effectively in the study for primary and secondary drug therapy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Semen; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Erythromycin; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Oral; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Oxygen; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Radiography; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Urinary Tract Infections

Fifty bacterial strains shown resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin or tetracycline by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility testing were isolated from patients with urinary infections. Inhibitory activity in urine of volunteers given these antimicrobial agents and tube dilution sensitivity testing indicated that agar disk diffusion gradients do not provide sufficiently high antimicrobial concentrations to predict accurately clinical efficacy.

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephalexin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

To determine if antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary infections alter introital gramnegative carriage after termination of therapy we analyzed 254 cultures obtained between episodes of bacteriuria in 14 women with recurrent urinary infections. Cultures obtained within the first 30 days after termination of therapy were compared to all subsequent cultures. Introital carriage in women with recurrent urinary infections was compared to 416 consecutive introital cultures from 31 control women resistant to bacteriuria. In women with recurrent bacteriuria introital colonization patterns were similar in incidence and density during the immediate post-treatment period compared to later cultures. Four volunteer controls received tetracycline for 10 days. There was no difference in introital carriage of enterobacteria before during or after tetracycline therapy. Consecutive cultures also confirmed a higher incidence and greater density of vaginal carriage of enterobacteria in patients when compared to similar cultures from women who never had a urinary infection.

Topics: Anal Canal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Rectum; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vagina

Topics: Bilirubin; Humans; Tetracycline; Urea; Urinary Tract Infections

Our investigationes during the last seven years stress the importance of mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma on the so called abacterial inflammation of the urogenital tract. Because of diagnostic problems and differential diagnoses only specialized centers should explore these inflammatory conditions. Therapy is possible, however, by dermatologists, urologists, gynecologists, and general practitioners.

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Prostatitis; Specimen Handling; Tetracycline; Ureaplasma; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Esophageal ulceration has rarely been reported secondary to medicinal agents. we have treated three patients with esophageal ulceration associated with the ingestion of tetracycline or its derivative doxycycline. In light of the strong temporal relationship between taking the capsules and the onset of the esophageal ulceration, we believe that the capsules were the cause of the ulcers. We therefore recommend an alternative agent to tetracycline or doxycycline, if possible, for patients with any esophageal obstructive element. We also recommend that patients be cautioned not to take these drugs within one hour of going to bed.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adult; Antacids; Doxycycline; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Ulcer; Urinary Tract Infections

The response of a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli to a variety of antibiotics was examined in an in vitro model which simulates the hydrokinetic features of the urinary bladder. Recovery of bacterial cultures from antibiotic effects was observed following exposure to bactericidal and bacteristatic antibiotics and no substantial difference was noted between the effectiveness of bacteristatic and bactericidal agents except that bacteristatic antibiotics were more influenced by alteration of the conditions of "diuresis" and "frequency of micturition". The response of dense bacterial populations to high concentrations of 3 beta-lactam antibiotics varied markedly under the different hydrokinetic conditions. Possible reasons for these variations are discussed.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalexin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Diuresis; Escherichia coli; Humans; Models, Biological; Nalidixic Acid; Polymyxins; Tetracycline; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Urinary Tract Infections

The resistance of 2,314 bacterial strains from 1968 to 1972 was investigated drawing on case histories from the Munich University Urological Clinic. Using the disc-diffusion method 12,160 sensitivity tests were conducted with these strains against gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The material was compiled from 35,000 individual data by means of modern electronic data processing and evaluated according to variable criteria. As expected the incidence of resistance in hospital-acquired pathogens was considerably higher than that in community-acquired pathogens; however, the resistance pattern of hosptial-acquired pathogens remained essentially unchanged from 1968 to 1972, whereas a significant increase of resistance in community-acquired infections was recorded. It can thus be concluded that the methods used in this clinic for combatting hospital infection and a more critical attitude towards anti-bacterial therapy have had positive results. An express warning is issued against unspecific antibacterial therapy which is often administered outside the clinic on the pretext of long-term therapy. In the light of the resistance situation of urinary tract pathogens, antibiotics should be used sparingly, keeping in mind the acidification of urine and the wash-out principle by means of high fluid intake.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Fifty-six patients with uncomplicated urinary infections were treated with a five-day course of antimicrobials. Fifty-four patients had sterile urine two weeks after termination of the drugs. Over a two-year period 8 patients were found to become reinfected.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

In continuance of our investigations from 1968 to 1972, we isolated 32939 microorganisms from urinary tract infections and subjected them to routine sensitivity tests against six antibiotics from 1973 to August 1975. All organisms except enterococci and proteus proved to be sensitive to gentamicin at a level exceeding 90% during the study period of two and a half years. A loss of activity of gentamicin worth mentioning was not detected during the studies. So this antibiotic must further be considered as one of the drugs of first choice in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Topics: Alcaligenes; Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Hospitalization; Humans; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Nifuratel; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other bacterial pathogens are frequently treated with parenteral antibiotics such as gentamicin. Many of these organisms are shown by Kirby-Bauer disk sensitivity testing to be resistant to tetracycline. One hundred seventy-one such tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates were studied; 84% were found to be sensitive to achievable urinary concentrations of tetracycline. Two patients with long-standing chronic urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas were treated with tetracycline for a year and a half with excellent results. In a pilot clinical trial, eight of 12 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were treated successfully with tetracycline without regard to disk sensitivity data. Institution of tetracycline as soon as the microscopic diagnosis of urinary tract infection is made might be an acceptable empiric approach to the treatment of urinary infection in hospitalized patients who do not show evidence of sepsis.

Topics: Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Child; Female; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Regional Blood Flow; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Citrobacter; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Utilization; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Norway; Penicillin V; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Back Pain; Cloxacillin; Erythromycin; Humans; Immobilization; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Spinal Diseases; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thoracic Vertebrae; Urinary Tract Infections; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Polymyxins; Proteus mirabilis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Cephalexin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Brain Abscess; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Listeria; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Phlebitis; Prognosis; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatty Liver; Female; Halothane; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Injections, Intravenous; Jaundice; Liver; Nitrofurantoin; Postoperative Complications; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Conjugation, Genetic; Czechoslovakia; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Nalidixic Acid; Proteus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Hungary; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bleomycin; Coumarins; Cyproterone; Endocarditis; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Paraphilic Disorders; Pneumonia; Pregnadienes; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vitiligo

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sri Lanka; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Alcaligenes; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Germany, West; Humans; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Antigens, Bacterial; Cephalothin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Kanamycin; Meningitis; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Uremia; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Lincomycin; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Pediatrics; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Escherichia coli; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Twenty-three of 43 E. coli and 25 of 39 Klebsiella isolates, resistant to two or more antibiotics, transferred one or more resistance genes to a recipient E. coli K(12) culture. Resistances transferred most frequently by both species were those to kanamycin and neomycin. E. coli cultures transferred resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and carbenicillin, whereas Klebsiella isolates transferred resistance to the first two of these antibiotics. Extrapolation of these results to a larger series of isolations of E. coli and Klebsiella from hospital patients suggested that 21 and 18% respectively of cultures of these two organisms carried potentially transferable resistance.

Topics: Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Neomycin; Ontario; Penicillin Resistance; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Family Practice; Humans; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Azathioprine; Bacteriuria; Cadaver; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Prednisone; Pyelonephritis; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Transplantation, Homologous; Ureteral Obstruction; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methacycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Seasons; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteria; Child; Chloramphenicol; Connecticut; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Mandelic Acids; Medical Audit; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pediatrics; Peer Review; Penicillins; Physicians, Family; Private Practice; Referral and Consultation; Sulfonamides; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Skin Tests; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Gentamicins; Humans; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Iatrogenic Disease; Kidney Calculi; Male; Proteus Infections; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfisoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Uric Acid; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coitus; Female; Humans; Hymen; Male; Methods; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation; Time Factors; Urethra; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteriuria; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Pyelonephritis; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Bladder Diseases; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Child; Escherichia coli Infections; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erwinia; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Polymyxins; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus; Staphylococcus; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bromelains; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Penicillin V; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriuria; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Rolitetracycline; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Recurrence; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Methenamine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Dermatitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Medication Errors; Mycoplasma; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Viruses

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Australia; Chloramphenicol; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Methenamine; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Pyrimidines; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Dexamethasone; Female; Gentamicins; Heparin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kanamycin; Kidney; Multiple Sclerosis; Prednisone; Pulmonary Embolism; Spinal Cord; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Kidney; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Oxytetracycline; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Child; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Female; Genes; Genetics, Microbial; Hospitalization; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Male; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Depression, Chemical; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Escherichia coli; Furazolidone; Humans; Liver Extracts; Nitrofurantoin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin Resistance; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Transport; Colistin; Dogs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyclohexanes; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders; Puerperal Infection; Sulfuric Acids; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteriuria; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Pyrimidines; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteria; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Chromobacterium; Colistin; Drug Synergism; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Framycetin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidines; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Bacteriuria; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Penicillins; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine; Urography

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Aniline Compounds; Azo Compounds; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Phenazopyridine; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Sulfamethizole; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Aniline Compounds; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Azo Compounds; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenazopyridine; Pyridines; Sulfamethizole; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Empyema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfuric Acids; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Complement Fixation Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Methods; Mycoplasma Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cystitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Reactive; Culture Media; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Prostatitis; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

The characteristics of an atypical group of the family Enterobacteriaceae resembling Enterobacter cloacae were studied. The urinary tract was the most common source of these organisms, and most strains represented infections of secondary clinical significance. In contrast to typical Enterobacter strains, the atypical strains were highly susceptible to the cephalosporins; otherwise, there was a high degree of susceptibility to five other antibiotics and resistance to ampicillin except in very high concentration.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Demeclocycline; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leucomycins; Methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Rolitetracycline; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kanamycin; Mice; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Fifteen sulfonamide-resistant cultures isolated from urinary tract infections in eastern Nebraska were screened for transferable drug resistance by three methods. Seven of the 15 resistant cultures could transfer resistance of varying levels to two or more chemotherapeutic agents. Transfer of drug resistance occurred without accompanying transfer of chromosomal traits and required cell to cell contact. In mixed culture, the number of drug-resistant recipients increased exponentially, reaching a plateau 2 hr after mixing. Spontaneous or artificial elimination of resistance was found to be a rare event. In addition, several drug-sensitive isolates from urinary tract infections were shown to be competent recipients of drug resistance determinants. From these data, it appears that the transferable drug resistance observed was mediated by R factors.

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Klebsiella; Nalidixic Acid; Proteus; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Cephaloridine; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Cloxacillin; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Male; Middle Aged; Proteus; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Escherichia coli; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Insipidus; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Child; Cystitis; Epididymitis; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacteria; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Klebsiella; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Air Microbiology; Ampicillin; Ascitic Fluid; Bacteriocins; Benzalkonium Compounds; Catheterization; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cross Infection; Ethylene Oxide; Filtration; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lysogeny; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Peritoneal Dialysis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Renal Dialysis; Sterilization; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Ultraviolet Rays; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chymotrypsin; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Trypsin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Latex Fixation Tests; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Age Factors; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Male; Nitrofurantoin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thiocarbamates; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteriuria; Cystitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatitis; Pseudomonas; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Child; Cloxacillin; Colistin; Drug Synergism; Dysentery, Bacillary; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Infections; Lincomycin; Meningitis; Nafcillin; Neomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Polymyxins; Shigella; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Dual urinary infections were produced in rats with colicinogenic Escherichia coli CF1, elaborating colicin V in the urine, and colicine-sensitive E. coli 9224 by injecting each organism into the medulla of opposite kidneys. The colicin-sensitive organism was eradicated from the urine of 24.3% of rats and the degree of infection by E. coli 9224 reduced to less than half of the control group. Colicin-resistant mutants of E. coli 9224 were not inhibited in mixed infections with colicin producing E. coli CF1. No evidence of inhibitory activity by colicin V was found in the kidneys. The bladder urine, but not the kidney, was also the site for transfer of colicinogeny between homologous (E. coli) and heterologous (E. coli and Aerobacter aerogenes) species. Episomes controlling colicin V and J + I were transferred within 24 hr after establishing the mixed infection. Since E. coli 9224 was resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, observations were also made on transmission of multiple drug resistance. Streptomycin and tetracycline resistance was readily transferred to E. coli CF1 within 48 hr in the bladder. These results demonstrate that in urinary infections colicins can kill susceptible bacteria and that bacterial genetic elements are transferred.

Topics: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Colicins; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Male; Mutation; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital System

Topics: Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Humans; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Oleandomycin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acridines; Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Diuretics; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Postoperative Complications; Pyelonephritis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Age Factors; Body Weight; Child; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Methacycline; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Proteus Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cystoscopy; Fever; Humans; Infection Control; Kanamycin; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Prostatectomy; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Adult; Chlortetracycline; Cystitis; Demeclocycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Infections; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Pyelitis; Tablets; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Chronic Disease; Cystitis; Demeclocycline; Epididymitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Pyelonephritis; Streptomycin; Tablets; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin V; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Feces; Humans; Infections; Intestines; Lincomycin; Male; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anemia; Child; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Humans; Hypothermia; Infections; Kwashiorkor; Nutrition Disorders; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Aminohippuric Acids; Blood Circulation; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inulin; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Nitrofurantoin; Pyelonephritis; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Ureteral Obstruction; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital Abnormalities; Urography

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteriuria; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Female; Furans; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Leucomycins; Male; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoxazoles; Brucellosis; Child; Cholangitis; Humans; Infections; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Bronchitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azo Compounds; Humans; Middle Aged; Phenazopyridine; Pyridines; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Imidazoles; Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Peritoneal Diseases; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vascular Diseases; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Culture Media; Enterobacter; Erythromycin; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Humans; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Humans; Male; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Humans; Lymecycline; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Proteus; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Proteus; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Animals; Child; Demeclocycline; Humans; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Erwinia; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Mustard Compounds; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Plants, Medicinal; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Humans; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Biliary Tract Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biological Assay; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Bronchopneumonia; Cachexia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Creatine; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Mastectomy; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Hypotension; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acinetobacter; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Liver Cirrhosis; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

In a bacteriologic and clinical assessment of nalidixic acid (NegGram), 95% of Gramnegative urinary pathogens tested in vitro (with the exception of Pseudomonas pyocyanea) were sensitive to therapeutically attainable levels. The antibacterial spectrum of this agent was surpassed only by parenteral kanamycin, which is potentially ototoxic. Of 70 patients treated with 0.5-1.0 g. every six hours for from two weeks to two months, 61 underwent a full course of treatment and could be assessed. In 42 the infection cleared up, in 15 the original organism disappeared and a new resistant organism emerged, and in four the original organisms became resistant. These four were treated with 0.5 g. every six hours, which suggests that the higher dose may be necessary to prevent development of resistance. In only three of 13 patients with nausea did the drug have to be discontinued. Two patients developed drug rashes and one diarrhea. The drug is a valuable addition to the therapeutic agents used for urinary infections.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Naphthyridines; Nitrofurantoin; Pharmacology; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Drug Therapy; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Preventive Medicine; Pyelonephritis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy; Humans; Lymecycline; Lysine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; England; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Otitis Media; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Antibody Formation; Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Cystitis; Demeclocycline; Escherichia coli Infections; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin G; Pyelonephritis; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nitrofurantoin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Novobiocin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; In Vitro Techniques; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Prognosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography; Urology; Virginia

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; United Kingdom; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Methenamine; Methionine; Nitrofurantoin; Pyelonephritis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriuria; Catheterization; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Methylene Blue; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

A survey of Staphylococcus albus urinary infections is reported from a general hospital. The infection followed urethral instrumentation in 75% of the patients, and was usually caused by organisms already present in the urethra. Novobiocin-resistant strains caused infections in four out-patients with no predisposing lesions or instrumentation of the urinary tract.

Topics: Bacteriology; Coagulase; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Hydrolases; Male; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urethra; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Dyspnea; Eosinophilia; Fever; Humans; Lung Diseases; Nitrofurantoin; Pleural Effusion; Radiography, Thoracic; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kanamycin; Nitrofurantoin; Ohio; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomedical Research; Blood; Child; Drug Therapy; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Geriatrics; Humans; Klebsiella; Labyrinth Diseases; Metabolism; Micromonospora; Pharmacology; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Pyelonephritis; Salmonella; Sepsis; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Bacteroides; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pyelonephritis; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Gastroenterology; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kanamycin; Meningoencephalitis; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Penicillins; Preventive Medicine; Rheumatic Diseases; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Alcaligenes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diabetes Mellitus; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Novobiocin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Biological Assay; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Fluids and Secretions; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Lymecycline; Lysine; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Respiratory Tract Infections; Salmonella; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Statistics as Topic; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin; Viomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azo Compounds; Bacitracin; Chlormerodrin; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Mandelic Acids; Methenamine; Metronidazole; Nalidixic Acid; Naphthyridines; Neomycin; Nitrofurans; Nitrofurantoin; Nystatin; Organomercury Compounds; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aging; Angiotensins; Bacteremia; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Kanamycin; Metaraminol; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Proteus; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sex; Streptomycin; Sympatholytics; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Humans; Male; Nitrofurantoin; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Prostatectomy; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biliary Tract; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Humans; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Postoperative Care; Pyrrolidines; Rolitetracycline; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urology

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coinfection; Humans; Kanamycin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Renal; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Therapy; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nose; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Pyrrolidines; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Demeclocycline; Gynecology; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital System

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Humans; Kanamycin; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Subphrenic Abscess; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Humans; Influenza, Human; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Fungicides, Industrial; Humans; Phosphates; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nitrofurans; Nitrofurantoin; Phosphates; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital System

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oleandomycin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oleandomycin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Nystatin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antipyretics; Humans; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Nystatin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Mumps; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Disease; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Prolapse; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urination Disorders; Urologic Diseases; Uterine Diseases; Uterus

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Oleandomycin; Osteomyelitis; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Drug Combinations; Humans; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamerazine; Sulfamethazine; Sulfisomidine; Sulfisoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease; Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urogenital System; Urologic Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Disease; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Ureter; Ureteral Diseases; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Lung Diseases; Micrococcus; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Laboratories; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections