tetracycline and Typhoid-Fever

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Child; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctiva; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Erwinia; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Infant; Mice; Parenteral Nutrition; Pharynx; Skin; Sputum; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Wound Infection

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Chickens; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Food Additives; Food Contamination; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Substance-Related Disorders; Swine; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Plasmids harbour antibiotic resistance genes which contribute to the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens. We detected the presence of plasmids in multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from our previous study and consequently determined their incompatibility groups and possibility of conjugation transmission. Plasmids were extracted from 98 multidrug resistant S. Typhi isolates based on alkaline lysis technique. Plasmid incompatibility grouping was established by PCR replicon typing using 18 pairs of primers to amplify FIA, FIB, FIC, HI1, HI2, I1-Iγ, L/M, N, P, W, T, A/C, K, B/O, X, Y, F and FIIA replicons. Antibiotic resistance phenotypes were conjugally transferred from S. Typhi isolates with plasmids to Escherichia coli K12F strain devoid of plasmids.. Approximately 79.6% of the MDR S. Typhi isolates were related to the existence of plasmids. We detected 93.6% of plasmids belonging to incompatibility (Inc) group HI1. The other incompatibility groups identified included IncFIC (16.7%), IncP (1.3%), and IncI1 (1.3%) which appeared together with Inc HI1. MDR S. Typhi isolated carried a homologous plasmid of incompatibility group HI1 most of which transferred the resistance phenotypes of ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol to the transconjugants.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Humans; Kenya; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Replicon; Salmonella typhi; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

To define the genetic characteristics and resistance mechanisms of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) exhibiting high-level fluoroquinolones resistance.. Three S. Typhi and two S. Paratyphi A ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (MICs > 4 mg/L) were compared with isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs 0.125-1 mg/L) by PFGE, plasmid analysis, presence of integrons and nucleotide changes in topoisomerase genes.. In S. Typhi and Paratyphi A, a single gyrA mutation (Ser-83-->Phe or Ser-83-->Tyr) was associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs 0.125-1 mg/L); an additional mutation in parC (Ser-80-->Ile, Ser-80-->Arg, Asp-69-->Glu or Gly-78-->Asp) was accompanied by an increase in ciprofloxacin MIC (> or = 0.5 mg/L). Three mutations conferred ciprofloxacin resistance: two in gyrA (Ser-83-->Phe and Asp-87-->Asn or Asp-87-->Gly) and one in parC. This is the first report of parC mutations in S. Typhi. Ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A differed in their MICs and mutations in gyrA and parC. Moreover S. Typhi harboured a 50 kb transferable plasmid carrying a class 1 integron (dfrA15/aadA1) that confers resistance to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline but not to ciprofloxacin. PFGE revealed undistinguishable XbaI fragment patterns in ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Typhi as well as in S. Paratyphi A isolates and showed that ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Typhi have emerged from a clonally related isolate with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin after sequential acquisition of a second mutation in gyrA.. To our knowledge this is the first report of molecular characterization of S. Typhi with full resistance to ciprofloxacin. Notably, the presence of a plasmid-borne integron in ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Typhi may lead to a situation of untreatable enteric fever.

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; DNA Gyrase; DNA Topoisomerase IV; DNA Topoisomerases; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Humans; India; Integrons; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation, Missense; Paratyphoid Fever; Plasmids; Salmonella paratyphi A; Salmonella typhi; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Brain Diseases; Chloroquine; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Quinine; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

A female patient suffered a typical attack of typhoid fever due to a lactose-negative, fully susceptible Salmonella typhi strain. During convalescence she became febrile, and a lactose-fermenting S. typhi strain resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim was isolated from blood culture. This isolated was shown to harbor a plasmid which cotransferred lactose fermentation and antibiotic resistance.

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Fermentation; Humans; Lactose; Penicillin Resistance; R Factors; Salmonella typhi; Sepsis; Serotyping; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Typhoid Fever

Antibacterial sensitivity tests were done for 513 salmonellae and 133 shigellae. Salmonella strains were divided into three groups: 336 Salmonella typhi, 134 salmonellae isolated from cases of gastroenteritis and 43 salmonellae isolated from non-human sources. All salmonellae and shigellae were sensitive to chloramphenicol. All salmonellae were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, while shigellae showed 18% of resistance. Salmonella resistance to ampicillin was low compared with a high resistance in shigellae. No resistance to from non-human sources. In analysing the resistance pattern in the 4-year period 1979-1982, it was found that there was a rising resistance to ampicillin and sulphonamides in salmonellae. In contrast there was no significant increase in resistance to tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was high in cases of salmonellae isolated from gastroenteritis. A comparatively low resistance to streptomycin was detected in Salmonella isolated from non-human sources.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dysentery, Bacillary; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhi; Shigella; Sudan; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

A case of typhoid fever caused by multiple drug resistant S typhi by R factor was clinically and bacteriologically studied. The clinical course was weakly influenced by successive chloramphenicol (21 days) and ampicillin (7 days) therapy; recovery occured after 62 days of disease including 2 relapses) as a result of the combined effect of immunization by disease and septrin administration (9 days). Two strains of S. typhi were isolated, one of them from blood culture before treatment, being Vi A degraded, sensitive to antibiotics A, C, T (strain 221) and the other from stool culture, after 4 days chloramphenicol treatment, being untypable with adapted Vi II phages, resistant to A, S, C, T (strain 552). Resistance markers were transferred within 4 conjugation systems, from strain 552 - as donor - to E. coli K12, to S. typhi A and to S. typhi 221 - as recipient-, the resistance level found was equal to that of the donor for all the determinants. The fi- character of the resistance factor was established and its possible restrictive effect in explaining the presence of two lytic patterns was discussed. The importance of the occurence of multiple drug-resistant S. typhi in certain areas, as well as chemical and epidemiological consequences, is emphasized.

Topics: Ampicillin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; R Factors; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

In South Vietnam, the first Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol were isolated at the end of 1971; this resistance spread rapidly to two-thirds of S. typhi isolated; it is due to resistance plasmids which parasite most strains of S. typhi identified in Vietnam. The typhoid endemy turned into an epidemic en 1972. The clinical symptoms of typhoid fever remained just as few as before: often only a high temperature; splenomegaly is rare, hepatomegaly more frequent. Complications, specially associated ones, have been more frequently observed since 1972; the evolution of the disease is slower. Although costly, a high dose of ampicillin often proves clinically active. For the moment, an association of trimethoprime and sulfamethoxazole remains the least expensive of efficient treatments.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Kanamycin; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Plasmids; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Typhoid Fever; Vietnam

Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Concanavalin A; Drug Synergism; Fluorouracil; Lethal Dose 50; Lipids; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Salmonella; Spleen; Tetracycline; Transplantation, Homologous; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Depression, Chemical; DNA; Drug Combinations; Erythrocytes; Histocytochemistry; Immunity; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoid Tissue; Oleandomycin; Rabbits; Rats; RNA; Sheep; Spleen; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; Vaccination

Topics: Africa; Asia; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chloroquine; Fever; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Liver Abscess, Amebic; Malaria; Metronidazole; Plasmodium falciparum; Tetracycline; Travel; Trypanosomiasis, African; Tuberculosis; Typhoid Fever; United Kingdom

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Typhoid Fever; Vietnam

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mexico; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella typhi; Salmonella typhimurium; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Acetyltransferases; Bacteriophage Typing; Central America; Chloramphenicol; Coliphages; Conjugation, Genetic; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli; Genetics, Microbial; Mexico; Salmonella typhi; Shigella dysenteriae; South Carolina; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Transduction, Genetic; Typhoid Fever

Chloramphenicol resistance has been reported in individual strains of Salmonella typhi since 1950, but there had been no accounts of epidemics caused by resistant strains of the organism until 1972, when one occurred in Mexico. Two British patients have been infected in that country, and the organism isolated from them corresponds in all respects with the description of the Mexican epidemic strain of S. typhi: it is a degraded Vi strain resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracyclines. It owes its resistance to an R factor which can be transferred to Escherichia coli and thence to drugsensitive S. typhi. Although there is a negligible risk of dissemination of this strain in Britain the incident is a reminder of the need to restrict the use of drugs such as chloramphenicol to the serious diseases for which they are virtually specific.

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Humans; Male; Mexico; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; United Kingdom

Topics: Central America; Chloramphenicol; Consanguinity; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Mexico; Salmonella typhi; Shigella; Shigella dysenteriae; Shigella flexneri; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; United States

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Immunotherapy; Plasma Substitutes; Povidone; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Bacteriophage Typing; Blood; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Doxycycline; Feces; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Phages; Salmonella typhi; Taiwan; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; England; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Feces; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Pharmacogenetics; Salmonella typhi; Sewage; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Water Microbiology

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella typhi; Tetracycline; Transduction, Genetic; Typhoid Fever; Vibrio

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Paratyphoid Fever; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Brucellosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Radiography; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Appendicitis; Brucellosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cholangitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Penicillins; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Biopsy; Cholera; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Humans; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Malabsorption Syndromes; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Humans; Nitrofurans; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Salmonella typhi; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Japan; Kanamycin; Paratyphoid Fever; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Serologic Tests; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Paratyphoid Fever; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Carrier State; Chlortetracycline; Drug Therapy; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Immunotherapy; Pyrimidines; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; Vaccination

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Bacillus; Bone Marrow; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; gamma-Globulins; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Infections; Paratyphoid Fever; Rickettsia Infections; Sepsis; Shigella; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Virus Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; England; Humans; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Pharmacology; Research; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ascariasis; Bacteriophages; Candidiasis; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Cholecystitis; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Nystatin; Penicillins; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Trichuriasis; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacillus; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Liver Extracts; Oxytetracycline; Pharmacology; Research; Salmonella typhi; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Humans; Paratyphoid Fever; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Salmonella; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzopyrenes; Furaldehyde; Humans; Kanamycin; Nitrofurans; Pyrrolidinones; Rolitetracycline; Salmonella typhi; Semicarbazones; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phenylbutazone; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Male; Prostatectomy; Prostatitis; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Prednisone; Steroids; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Infant; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hyperthermia, Induced; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hyperthermia, Induced; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fermentation; Hyperthermia, Induced; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Infant; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines