tetracycline and Tooth-Diseases

It is essential that every health care professional who is involved with the prescription or recommendation of drugs be fully aware of any resultant disorders that may arise as a side-effect. A range of drugs can affect the teeth. In this review article, drugs that have the potential to induce changes in teeth have been classified as those leading to tooth discoloration (intrinsic and extrinsic), physical damage to tooth structure (enamel, dentin, and cementum), and alteration in tooth sensitivity.

Topics: Carbohydrates; Chlorhexidine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Minocycline; Mouthwashes; Root Resorption; Saliva; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Erosion; Toothache

An overview of infection as it applies to the oral and maxillofacial region has been provided. The following conclusions are drawn: odontogenic infections are caused by microbes found in the host's oral flora; cultures of purulent material generally will yield three to six anaerobes and one aerobe, (the aerobe is usually a Streptococcus species); Gram stains of purulent material can aid in therapeutic strategies; anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures are necessary to isolate all pathogens; pathogens found in infections of bite wounds reflect the oral flora of the aggressor; early postoperative wound infections are caused by the host's own flora, whereas later infections may be caused by hospital-acquired bacteria; and hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus are occupational hazards. Recommendations have been made for antimicrobial prophylaxis and for treatment. We recognize that some of these selections may be controversial. For instance, the value of prophylactic antibiotics in orthognathic surgery is not well defined; recommendations were made only in certain instances. However, in severe penetrating maxillofacial injuries with devitalized tissue, recommendations for antibiotics were for broad and prolonged coverage. In this instance, use of antibiotics is considered therapeutic and not prophylactic. In each instance, we tried to validate the selection. Our rationale has been to choose the antibiotics most active against the likely pathogens; additionally, consideration was given to drug toxicity and adverse reactions. We regard penicillin as the preferred agent for prophylaxis and treatment of most odontogenic infections. Alternative drugs include cephalosporins, doxycycline, and clindamycin. Erythoromycin and tetracycline are considered less effective than the former agents. Finally, we believe that successful treatment of infection depends as much on changing the microenvironment of the infected tissue by debridement and drainage as on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Maxillofacial Injuries; Mouth Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Virus Diseases

Topics: Ankylosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Cementum; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Replantation; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing

In the developing tooth, the bisphosphonate HEBP causes hypoplasias and hypomineralization of the enamel and dentine as well as inhibition of acellular cementum formation. Here, we describe a novel effect, associated with dentine mineralization. HEBP was administrated to young rats, and the maxillary molars were analyzed histologically. Localized dentinal nodules, protruding towards the pulp, were found in the developing crown of the molars. They occurred in regions, where the mantle dentine was about to mineralize at the time of the injection, and were more frequent at the mesial cusp side. The nodules accumulated mineral, as evidenced by the fluorescence after calcein and tetracyclin labelling. Histologically, the nodules were separated from the enamel by a layer of mantle dentine and were progressively surrounded by predentine and dentine. The nodules were interpreted to contain transport or metabolism intermediates, which were locally accumulated due to the interruption of the mineralization process by HEBP.

Topics: Animals; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentin; Dentinogenesis; Etidronic Acid; Fluoresceins; Indicators and Reagents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minerals; Molar; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Diseases

Many effective methods currently are available for preventing oral diseases and promoting oral health. The responsibility for ensuring the optimal use of these approaches is shared by members of the dental profession and other primary care providers in the present health care delivery system. Recognition of each provider's role and greater collaborative efforts could enhance the gains that already have been made with respect to improving the oral health status of children and adolescents.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Diet; Fluoridation; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Gingivitis; Humans; Infant; Oral Health; Tetracycline; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Diseases

Ameloblastic disturbances are correlated with defects in enamel. Experimental disturbances created by tetracyclines, fluorides, and antimitotic drugs are emphasized. Cellular alterations are shown to interfere with both matrix production and secretion. Defects in enamel formation are characterized by abnormal crystal size and distribution. Further research in normal and particularly abnormal enamel development is needed to establish: 1. exact mode of matrix secretion and its relation to crystal nucleation and orientation 2. function of maturative ameloblast and its relation to the stratum intermedium and papillary layer during that phase 3. cause for lack of mineralization of matrix, particularly in ectopic areas.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Ameloblasts; Amelogenesis; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Crystallography; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Proteins; Fluorides; Organoids; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Tests made with a series of antibiotics against a number of different organisms indicate that if clinical evidence suggests a streptococcal infection, penicillin should be used otherwise erythromycin is preferred.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Enterococcus faecalis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dexamethasone; Dicloxacillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Root Canal Therapy; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Bacteria; Cellulitis; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Seasons; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluoridation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Tetracycline; Tooth; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Supernumerary

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dentin; Fluorescence; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Germ; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Child; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Diarrhea, Infantile; Enteritis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Meningitis; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Tooth, Deciduous; Vomiting; Whooping Cough

Topics: Animals; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Surgery, Oral; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fluorides; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mouth Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Diseases; Child; Humans; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Tooth; Tooth Diseases; Toxicology