tetracycline and Sepsis

Topics: Arthritis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Arthritis, Infectious; Dermatitis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacitracin; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lincomycin; Male; Meningitis; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurans; Penicillin G; Polymyxins; Rifampin; Sepsis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Abscess; Aminoglycosides; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Brain Abscess; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Lung Abscess; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Cell Wall; Cryptococcus; Edetic Acid; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; L Forms; Lysostaphin; Male; Penicillins; Protoplasts; Salmonella; Sepsis; Spheroplasts; Stomatitis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections; Whipple Disease

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tract Diseases; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Meningitis; Osteomyelitis; Oxacillin; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Synergism; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Serratia; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Meningitis; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Meningitis, Listeria; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnosis; Embolism; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Fever; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Valves; Humans; Lung Diseases; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Kanamycin; Methicillin; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline

A randomised controlled trial involving 140 non-septic incomplete abortions was performed to determine the efficacy of prophylactic tetracycline as practiced in these cases in Harare Central Hospital. The treatment group (62) received tetracycline (500 mg four times daily) for a week. The remainder acted as controls. No significant difference in sepsis rate between treatment and control groups was noted. The high sepsis recorded in the treatment group was thought to be due to poor compliance. A new prophylaxis regimen has been suggested.. The purpose of this randomized, controlled study was to determine the efficacy of tetracycline as a prophylactic antibiotic therapy in treating nonseptic, incomplete abortion patients in Zimbabwe. In 1984, the gynecology emergency unit of Harare Central Hospital admitted 3240 cases of incomplete abortion, of which 2891 were nonseptic on admission. For this prospective study, patients presenting with nonseptic, incomplete abortion (n = 140) from February through May 1985 were recruited at Harare Central. These patients were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, and all patients received aseptic evacuation procedures. Following evacuation, the treatment group (n = 62) was given tetracycline (500 mg 4 times daily to be taken for a week). The remainder (n = 78) acted as controls. Diagnosis for sepsis, based on defined parameters, was performed a week later by the author, who did not know the group to which the patient belonged. The majority of the patients in both groups were 15-24 years old and of parity 1-4. An overall sepsis rate of 35.6% was obtained in this study. No significant difference in sepsis rates between treatment and control groups was noted. The apparent higher proportion of sepsis recorded in the treatment group (25/62, or 40.32%) in comparison to the control group (23/78, or 29.5%) was not significant. Although all patients insisted they took their drugs as instructed, further questioning and counting of remaining capsules revealed that the majority (82.6%) had not taken any or part of the course; the patients who did complete the course had not followed the instructions properly. Thus, the lack of significant reduction in the sepsis rate with the use of prophylactic tetracycline was thought to be due to poor compliance. The author argued that this was due to the young age, low socioeconomic status, and lack of understanding of the regimen among the patients. Thus, it is suggested that tetracycline treatment be replaced with a cheap, single-dose, hospital-administered prophylaxis regimen, such as doxycycline, that covers a wide range of organisms.

Topics: Abortion, Incomplete; Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Zimbabwe

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Demeclocycline; Drug Tolerance; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oleandomycin; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Random Allocation; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Colon; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feces; Humans; Neomycin; Preoperative Care; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fever; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Prostatectomy; Sepsis; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Digestive System; Erythromycin; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Lactobacilli are the most common probiotic bacteria found in the human gut microbiota, and the presence of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants carried on mobile genetic elements must be screened due to safety concerns. Unnecessary and inappropriate antibiotic therapy, as well as ingested antibiotic resistance bacteria (originating from food or food products), influence the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in human guts, with serious clinical consequences. The current study looked into the antibiotic resistance of lactobacilli isolated from the guts of sepsis patients on long-term antibiotic therapy. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin, and the molecular genetic basis of resistance was studied based on the MIC values. The isolates were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline (20%), fluoroquinolone (20%), and macrolide (5%). Following that, resistance genes for tetracycline [tet(L), tet(O), tet(K), and tet(M)], macrolide [erm(B) and erm(C)], and beta-lactams [bla(CMY)] were investigated. Tetracycline or macrolide resistance genes were not found in the isolates, and only one isolate possessed the bla(CMY) resistance gene. The findings suggested that tetracycline and macrolide resistance may be linked to other resistance genes that were not investigated in this study. Because tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides are commonly used in clinics and animals, there has been concern about the spread of resistance in humans. If acquired antibiotic resistance is passed down through mobile genetic elements, it may serve as a reservoir of resistance for gut pathogens and other microbiome environments.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Lactobacillus; Macrolides; Prevalence; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Several classes of antibiotics have long been known to have beneficial effects that cannot be explained strictly on the basis of their capacity to control the infectious agent. Here, we report that tetracycline antibiotics, which target the mitoribosome, protected against sepsis without affecting the pathogen load. Mechanistically, we found that mitochondrial inhibition of protein synthesis perturbed the electron transport chain (ETC) decreasing tissue damage in the lung and increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucocorticoid sensitivity in the liver. Using a liver-specific partial and acute deletion of Crif1, a critical mitoribosomal component for protein synthesis, we found that mice were protected against sepsis, an observation that was phenocopied by the transient inhibition of complex I of the ETC by phenformin. Together, we demonstrate that mitoribosome-targeting antibiotics are beneficial beyond their antibacterial activity and that mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition leading to ETC perturbation is a mechanism for the induction of disease tolerance.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Cycle Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Doxycycline; Electron Transport; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mitochondria; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies (subsp.) pasteurianus, previously known as Streptococcus bovis biotype II/2, has been described as a causative agent of endocarditis, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, bacteremia, and colorectal carcinoma in humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes of S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus strains isolated from patients with septicemia and bacteremia in Thailand.. The clinical isolates of Streptococcus gallolyticus were identified by using conventional biochemical tests, PCR, and sodA gene sequence analysis. The erythromycin and tetracycline susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, while the resistance genes were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis.. From a total of 108 blood cultures, 36 (33%) were identified as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus with the nucleotide sequence identities of partial sodA gene with the reference strains ranging from 98.1 to 100%. Of these, 25 (69.4%) contained erythromycin resistance genes and erm(B) was the most predominant gene (30.6%), followed by erm(T) (19.4%) and mef(A) (5.6%). In addition, erm(B) was also detected in combination with lnu(B) (8.3%), erm(T) and mef(A) (2.8%), and mef(A) and lnu(B) (2.8%). It was interesting to note that lnu(B) was detected for the first time in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in this study. For tetracycline resistance genes, tet(L) and tet(M) were detected at 13.9% and 11.1%, respectively. However, tet(M) in combination with tet(L) was detected most commonly at 69.4% and with tet(L) and tet(O) at 5.6%.. A number of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were detected in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus strains circulating in Thailand.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Statistical; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Thailand

Sequence type (ST) 59 is an epidemic lineage of community-associated (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Taiwanese CA-MRSA isolates belong to ST59 and can be grouped into 2 distinct clones, a virulent Taiwan clone and a commensal Asian-Pacific clone. The Taiwan clone carries the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes and the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) VT, and is frequently isolated from patients with severe disease. The Asian-Pacific clone is PVL-negative, carries SCCmec IV, and a frequent colonizer of healthy children. Isolates of both clones were characterized by their ability to adhere to respiratory A549 cells, cytotoxicity to human neutrophils, and nasal colonization of a murine and murine sepsis models. Genome variation was determined by polymerase chain reaction of selected virulence factors and by multi-strain whole genome microarray. Additionally, the expression of selected factors was compared between the 2 clones. The Taiwan clone showed a much higher cytotoxicity to the human neutrophils and caused more severe septic infections with a high mortality rate in the murine model. The clones were indistinguishable in their adhesion to A549 cells and persistence of murine nasal colonization. The microarray data revealed that the Taiwan clone had lost the ø3-prophage that integrates into the β-hemolysin gene and includes staphylokinase- and enterotoxin P-encoding genes, but had retained the genes for human immune evasion, scn and chps. Production of the virulence factors did not differ significantly in the 2 clonal groups, although more α-toxin was expressed in Taiwan clone isolates from pneumonia patients. In conclusion, the Taiwan CA-MRSA clone was distinguished by enhanced virulence in both humans and an animal infection model. The evolutionary acquisition of PVL, the higher expression of α-toxin, and possibly the loss of a large portion of the β-hemolysin-converting prophage likely contribute to its higher pathogenic potential than the Asian-Pacific clone.

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Epidemics; Epithelial Cells; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neutrophils; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Open Reading Frames; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Transcriptome; Virulence

This and the accompanying report (DOI: 10.1021/jm201467r ) describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new generation of tetracycline antibacterial agents, 7-fluoro-9-substituted-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracyclines ("fluorocyclines"), accessible through a recently developed total synthesis approach. These fluorocyclines possess potent antibacterial activities against multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. One of the fluorocyclines, 7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (17j, also known as TP-434, 50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Conference , Boston, MA , September 12-15, 2010 , poster F1 - 2157 ), is currently undergoing phase 2 clinical trials in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Infections; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neutropenia; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ribosomes; Sepsis; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines

Utilizing a fully synthetic route to tetracycline analogues, the C-9 side-chain of the fluorocyclines was optimized for both antibacterial activity and oral efficacy. Compounds were identified that overcome both efflux (tet(K), tet(A)) and ribosomal protection (tet(M)) tetracycline-resistance mechanisms and are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. A murine systemic infection model was used as an oral efficacy screen to rapidly identify compounds with oral bioavailability. Two compounds were identified that exhibit both oral bioavailability in rat and clinically relevant bacterial susceptibility profiles against major respiratory pathogens. One compound demonstrated oral efficacy in rodent lung infection models that was comparable to marketed antibacterial agents.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neutropenia; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Tract Infections; Ribosomes; Sepsis; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines

A novel series of fully synthetic 8-azatetracyclines was prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compounds were identified that overcome both efflux (tet(K)) and ribosomal protection (tet(M)) tetracycline resistance mechanisms and are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Two compounds were identified that exhibit comparable efficacy to marketed tetracyclines in in vivo models of bacterial infection.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aza Compounds; Biological Availability; Escherichia coli Infections; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Injections, Intravenous; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is reported to occur frequently after all types especially cardiac surgery in elderly patients. It can be short-term or long-term and some cases even develop into Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although multi-risk factors associated with POCD have been identified, the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of this surgical complication remain elusive. Therefore, developing strategies for preventing or treating POCD is still challenging. However, increasing evidence suggests that central and systemic inflammation triggered by surgery likely plays a fundamental role in POCD developing and progression. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to be effective in treating neuroinflammatory related conditions or neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease. Considering that inflammation may be a potential factor of POCD and minocycline is effective in improving cognitive dysfunction induced by inflammation, we hypothesize that minocycline may be useful to treat/prevent the POCD development after surgery in elderly patients.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain Diseases; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Inflammation; Minocycline; Models, Theoretical; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Nosocomial septicemia due to extended spectrum beta-(Beta)-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are a therapeutic challenge due to resistance. Knowledge of disease burden and resistance patterns is required for proper and timely management. We report the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL producing E. coli and K .pneumoniae from septicemia at a tertiary care hospital.. A total of 2,870 blood samples of suspected cases of septicemia were studied between January and December 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method and MICs for imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were determined using the E-test. All isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were tested for ESBL production by E-test method.. Forty-one (70.7%) K. pneumoniae isolates and ten (41.7%) E. coli isolates were ESBL producers. Two (5%) of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates, but no E. coli isolates, were resistant to carbapenems. In vitro, all ESBL producers were sensitive to tigecycline.. Our data indicated that the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumonia strains isolated from blood cultures from hospitalized patients is high. ESBL-producing organisms were found to be more susceptible to meropenem than to imipenem and ertapenem. Tigecycline is active against all the ESBL or multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; India; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Sepsis causes more than with 215,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. Death can be caused by multiple system organ failure, with the lung, in the form of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often being the first organ to fail. We developed a chronic porcine model of septic shock and ARDS and hypothesized that blocking the proteases neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) with the modified tetracycline, COL-3, would significantly improve morbidity in this model. Pigs were anesthetized and instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring and were then randomized to one of three groups: control (n = 3), laparotomy only; superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMA) + fecal blood clot (FC; n = 7), with intraperitoneal placement of a FC; and SMA + FC + COL (n = 5), ingestion of COL-3 12 h before injury. Animals emerged from anesthesia and were monitored and treated with fluids and antibiotics in an animal intensive care unit continuously for 48 h. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were sampled and bacterial cultures, MMP-2, MMP-9, NE, and multiple cytokine concentrations were measured. Pigs were reanesthetized and placed on a ventilator when significant lung impairment occurred (PaO2/FiO2 < 250). At necropsy, lung water and histology were assessed. All animals in the SMA + FC group developed septic shock evidenced by a significant fall in arterial blood pressure that was not responsive to fluids. Lung injury typical of ARDS (i.e., a fall in lung compliance and PaO2/FiO2 ratio and a significant increase in lung water) developed in this group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in plasma IL-1 and IL-6 and in BALF IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, NE, and protein concentration in the SMA + FC group. COL-3 treatment prevented septic shock and ARDS and significantly decreased cytokine levels in plasma and BALF. COL-3 treatment also significantly reduced NE activity (P < 0.05) and reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in BALF by 64% and 34%, respectively, compared with the SMA + FC group. We conclude that prophylactic COL-3 prevented the development of ARDS and unexpectedly also prevented septic shock in a chronic insidious onset animal model of sepsis-induced ARDS. The mechanism of this protection is unclear, as COL-3 inhibited numerous inflammatory mediators. Nevertheless, COL-3 significantly reduced the morbidity in a clinically applicable animal model, demonstrating the possibility that COL-3 may be useful in reduc

Topics: Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Inflammation; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leukocyte Elastase; Lung; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mesenteric Artery, Superior; Models, Chemical; Oxygen; Peptide Hydrolases; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Sepsis; Swine; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Time Factors

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus, GBS, is the leading cause of neonatal and maternal infections and an opportunistic pathogen in adults with underlying disease. In the last decade, a dramatic increase in the resistance of this microorganism to erythromycin and clindamycin has been observed.. To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of S. agalactiae collected from infections and colonization and to assess the genetic mechanisms of macrolide and clindamycin resistance.. A total of 100 GBS isolates were collected between 1998 and 2002, in Santiago, Chile. They were isolated from the amniotic fluid from patients with premature rupture of membranes (7 isolates), blood from neonatal sepsis (10 isolates), neonate colonizations (2 strains), skin and soft tissue infections (7 isolates), urinary tract infections (5 isolates), genital infections (3 isolates), articular fluid (one isolate), and 65 strains were recovered from vaginal colonization55.. Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes identified in our study, accounting for 90 (90%) of the strains. Five isolates belonged to serotypes Ib (5%) and two (2%) to serotype V respectively; no strains belonging to serotype IV were found. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four isolates (4%) were resistant to both erythromycin (MIC >64 microg/ml) and clindamycin (MIC >64 microg/ml). The strains had a constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (cMLSB) resistance phenotype and the erm(A) gene was present in the four isolates.. Serotypes Ia, II and III were the predominant serotypes in this study. All strains were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and four (4%) strains were resistant to both erythromycin and clindamycin. The cMLSB resistance phenotype, and the erm(A) gene was detected in resistant strains.

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Serotyping; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tetracycline

Chemically modified tetracyclines are orally active inhibitors of multiple proteases and cytokines. In this study, we focused on the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in sepsis and their reduction by treatment with nonantimicrobial chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3), which retains their antiinflammatory activity. Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 24 h and 1 h before CLP, treated rats received CMT-3 (25 mg/kg), and untreated rats received saline by gavage. At 0 h, 0.5 h, 1.5 h, and 24 h after CLP, blood and liver samples were collected. TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA, and MAPKs were determined by Western blot analysis. A significant activation of p38 MAPK was observed after 0.5 h and 1.5 h of sepsis that appeared to coincide with the increased circulating TNF-alpha level. The activation of p42/44 was increased after 24 h of sepsis, whereas that of SAPK/JNK was unaltered throughout the course of sepsis. CMT-3 pretreatment inhibited the TNF-alpha level as well as p38 MAPK activation seen after 0.5 and 1.5 h of CLP and also suppressed the activation of p42/44 after 24 h post-CLP. These results indicate increased activity of TNF-alpha and MAPK following sepsis and demonstrate the beneficial effect of CMT-3 in preventing the increase in TNF-alpha, p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK, and the progression of septic shock.

Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Liver; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Neutrophil activation with concomitant matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) release has been implicated in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. We hypothesized that COL-3, a chemically modified tetracycline known to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9, would reduce lung injury and improve survival in rats following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).. Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups: 1) sham CLP+ carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; vehicle for COL-3, n = 6); 2) sham CLP + COL-3 (n = 6); 3) CLP + CMC (n = 10); 4) CLP + single-dose (SD) COL-3 administered concomitant with CLP (n = 9); and 5) CLP + multiple-dose (MD) COL-3 administered concomitant with CLP and at 24 h after CLP (n = 15). Rats were sacrificed at 168 h (7 days) or immediately after death, with survival defined as hours after CLP. Histological lung assessment was made based on neutrophil infiltration, alveolar wall thickening, and intraalveolar edema fluid. Lung MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were correlated with survival by simple regression analysis.. The mortality of rats in the cecal ligation and puncture without treatment group (CLP + CMC) was 70% at 168 h. A single dose of COL-3 in the CLP + COL-3 (SD) group significantly reduced mortality to 54%. Furthermore, with a repeat dose of COL-3 at 24 h after CLP, mortality was significantly reduced to 33%. Pathologic lung changes seen histologically in the CLP + CMC group were significantly reduced by COL-3. A significant reduction in lung tissue levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was noted in both groups treated with COL-3. Reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels correlated with improved survival.. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by COL-3 in a clinically relevant model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury reduces pulmonary injury and improves survival in a dose-dependent fashion. Our results suggest that prophylactic treatment with COL-3 in high-risk patients may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Topics: Animals; Cecum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ligation; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Metalloendopeptidases; Punctures; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Animals; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Translocation; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Death; Escherichia coli Infections; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Vena Cava, Inferior

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were analyzed for 119 invasive and 227 colonizing strains of group B streptococci isolated from neonates at 6 US academic centers. All strains were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime. The rate of resistance to erythromycin was 20.2% and to clindamycin was 6.9%. Resistance to erythromycin increased in 1997. Type V strains were more resistant to erythromycin than were type Ia (P=.003) and type Ib (P=.004) strains and were more resistant to clindamycin than were type Ia (P<.001), type Ib (P=.01), and type III (P=.001) strains. Resistance rates varied with geographic region: in California, there were high rates of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin (32% and 12%, respectively), and low rates in Florida (8.5% and 2.1%, respectively). Penicillin continues to be the drug of choice for treatment of group B streptococcus infection. For women who are penicillin intolerant, however, the selection of an alternative antibiotic should be guided by contemporary resistance patterns observed in that region.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Capsules; Cefotaxime; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ofloxacin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Serotyping; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Animals; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Translocation; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

The susceptibility of 211 viridans streptococci isolated from blood cultures to eight antimicrobial agents was determined. All the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and vancomycin. Thirty eight percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin (MICs greater than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml). Tetracycline resistance was found in 41% of the isolates and in 7% of these strains tetracycline resistance was combined with erythromycin resistance. Five Streptococcus mitis isolates exhibited increased (MIC 64 micrograms/ml and 128 micrograms/ml) or high-level (MIC greater than or equal to 500 micrograms/ml) resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin and tobramycin. Four of these isolates were also resistant to penicillin (MICs 16-32 micrograms/m). In vitro synergy was not demonstrated for combinations of penicillin and gentamicin against three Streptococcus mitis isolates with gentamicin MICs of 1000, 128 and 64 micrograms/ml. Results of this study indicate the importance of monitoring antibiotic resistance trends in viridans streptococci particularly with respect to penicillin and aminoglycoside resistance.

Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Streptococcus; Tetracycline

The most virulent pneumococcal serotype (type 3) has not to date been associated with multiple antimicrobial resistance. We report an unusual gastrointestinal presentation of fatal septicemia caused by a multiply resistant type 3 pneumococcus in a setting of increasing prevalence of multiple resistance, including resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline.

Topics: Adolescent; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Sepsis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance

A female patient suffered a typical attack of typhoid fever due to a lactose-negative, fully susceptible Salmonella typhi strain. During convalescence she became febrile, and a lactose-fermenting S. typhi strain resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim was isolated from blood culture. This isolated was shown to harbor a plasmid which cotransferred lactose fermentation and antibiotic resistance.

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Fermentation; Humans; Lactose; Penicillin Resistance; R Factors; Salmonella typhi; Sepsis; Serotyping; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Typhoid Fever

Topics: beta-Lactamases; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Tetracycline

The outcome of treatment of 48 episodes of septicemia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 44 patients was assessed. Twenty-six of the patients died; nineteen of them died of infection, and infection was a major contributing factor to the deaths of the remaining seven patients. Fourteen of fifteen patients treated with inadequate antibiotic therapy died, and the other patient developed a mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery, for which amputation was necessary. Eight of eleven patients treated with amikacin (alone or combined with another antimicrobial) died, and three recovered slowly; only one recovered fully without sequelae. In an additional two patients who failed to respond to amikacin, treatment was changed to vancomycin. Vancomycin was used to treat 18 episodes of MRSA septicemia in 17 patients. In 14 of these episodes the patients recovered fully. One patient died of uncontrolled infection, and in three, infection was a contributing factor but not the major cause of death. Vancomycin was confirmed as antibiotic of choice in treating MRSA septicemia.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amikacin; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

Combination of rifampicin with trimethoprim, erythromycin, tetracycline or fusidic acid have some desirable features in the treatment of difficult infections. They are active against a very wide range of possible pathogens. Resistance to rifampicin is rare. Such combinations may be bactericidal and may be usefully synergistic. They may prevent or delay the emergence of bacterial resistant seen when some single agents are used. They can be used in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. A series of life-threatening infections has been treated with rifampicin-containing combinations. The infections included endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, Legionnaire's disease, and head and neck sepsis. A major reason for the choice of drug was often penicillin hypersensitivity. A second reason was the presumption (mostly subsequently confirmed) that streptococci and/or staphylococci were implicated. The clinical outcome of these infections was generally satisfactory, with few side effects and little evidence of the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Legionnaires' Disease; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Bitches with naturally occurring Brucella canis infection were treated with combined antibiotic therapy consisting of tetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. After treatment, all but 1 bitch became abacteremic, and serologic titers declined for a variable length of time (3 months to 1 years). Abortion did not occur while these bitches were abacteremic. Although sequential antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks did not eradicate Brucella canis from affected bitches, it did not prevent abortion. The number of live pups whelped and weaned by treated bitches was comparable with that in bitches before they became infected.

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Brucellosis; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estrus; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sepsis; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Despite modern antibiotic therapies, pneumococcal pneumonia still remains a serious epidemiologic problem. Some 25% of pneumococcal pneumonias are accompanied by bacteremia. The mortality rate in these forms is some 17%, and in patients above 50 it is as high as 28%. Early toxic injury is responsible for the high mortality rate, which is as high as 13,000-60,000 deaths every year in the USA. Several resistant strains of pneumococci have recently been discovered, and for all these reasons research into active immunization against pneumococci has been resumed. A vaccine is now available which consists of polysaccharide antigens of the 14 most important serotypes and confers a protection rate of some 80% against pneumococcal pneumonia. Vaccination is recommended for elderly and debilitated persons in particular.

Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Sepsis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline

Annualy in the USA, the estimated occurence of pneumococcal disease exceeds 500 000 cases of pneumonia (50 000 deaths), 1 200 000 cases of otitis media and 5 000 cases of meningitis. The pneumococcus remains the single most important pathogen which can cause pneumonia. When bacteremia accompanied pneumococcal pneumonia (one-fifth of these), the case fatality rate is approximately of 25% and exceeds 50% in individuals over 50 years of age. Most of the deaths (60%) occur within the first five days of illnesses, despite prompt antibiotic treatment of these patients. Emergence of pneumococcal strains with diminished sensitivity for penicillin, or resistant to tetracycline and other antibiotics is also a factor which lend increasing support to the concept that high risk patients should be protected from pneumococcal infection by immunoprophylaxis. A change of capsular types associated with bacteriemic disease has occured, in the USA, during the past three decades. The types 1 and 3 are less common than in the pre-antibiotic era, and the types 4, 8, 12, and 14 have become more prevalent. Infections with type 2, an epidemic type, have occured infrequently in the past 20 years. In the USA, at the present time, nearly four-fifths of bacteremic cases are associated with only 14 of the 84 pneumococcal capsular type ; in descending frequency : 8, 4, 1, 14, 3, 51, 12, 6, 56, 9, 19, 23, 5 and 20 (American system of nomenclature). The predominant capsular types of otitis media are : 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18 and 23. The polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine newly developed in the USA, is safe, antigenic and effective. Its widespread use can be expected to reduce the number of deaths attribuable to pneumococcal bacteremia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Immunotherapy; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Sepsis; Tetracycline; United States

Topics: Adult; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Child; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation

In 1958-74 altogether 64 cases of bacteriologically verified infections of Listeria monocytogenes were diagnosed in Sweden in children, aged more than 27 days, and in adults. Immunosuppression predisposed to the disease. Thus, many patients had co-existing disorders, such as leukemia and alcoholism. Sixteen patients had been treated with corticosteroids, which were combined with cytostatic drugs in nine. Meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in 52 patients and was fatal in 16. The clinical symptoms did not differ from those in purulent meningitis caused by other bacteria. In the cerebrospinal fluid the cellular response was dominated by polymorphonuclear cells in 29 patients and by mononuclear cells in 20. Ten patients had septicemia, which was fatal in four. Clinical symptoms were dominated by chills, high fever and general prostration. One patient had pleurisy and one an abscess of the neck; both recovered. Serotypes 1 and 4b prevailed and were equally common. Many patients developed raised antibody titers in both the O-agglutination test and the complement fixation test. The titers were often not positive until after a month. Moderate granulocytosis was the rule and monocytosis was rarely seen. Ampicillin alone or combined with an aminoglycoside seemed to be the drug of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. An alternative drug was tetracycline. Most deaths occurred within six days of onset of the illness. Early diagnosis and treatment were imperative. Most patients recovered and serious sequelae were rare.

Topics: Abscess; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Meningitis, Listeria; Middle Aged; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Pleurisy; Sepsis; Serotyping; Sulfonamides; Sweden; Tetracycline

In many cases gonorrhea is overlooked and not treated due to an unusual course of the disease. The longer this infection exists the greater is the danger of dissemination of the gonococci. Gonorrhea, if not diagnosed, may cause a series of local and general clinical manifestations, such as: the dermatitis-arthritis syndrome whose pathogenesis is not yet completely clarified: the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome which is often seen in females with chronic gonococcal adnexitis;gonococcal pharyngitis which nowadays occurs more often due to less conventional sexual practices of contemporary society; gonococcal conjunctivitis which represents the best known extragenital gonococcosis. This paper deals with the clinical manifestations and their treatment.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Conjunctivitis; Dermatitis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Penicillins; Pharyngitis; Prognosis; Sepsis; Spectinomycin; Tetracycline

Based on a limited number of biochemical properties, a system for biotyping Haemophilus influenzae (M. Kilian, Acta Pathol. Microbiol, Scand. Sect. B82:835-842, 1976) was used to analyze the relationship of biotype to source of infection and antibiotic resistance for 600 clinical strains. The distribution of biotypes from bacteremic patients was significantly different (P less than 0.001) from the distribution of biotypes from nonbacteremic patients. Although there appeared to be a correlation between biotype and source of isolation, no single biotype correlated with a specific clinical syndrome in bacteremic patients. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin), which was known to be at least in part plasmid mediated, was determined. Of the 600 isolates, 43 were resistant to at least one antibiotic (30 were ampicillin resistant, 11 were tetracycline resistant, 1 was ampicillin-tetracycline resistant, and 1 was tetracycline-chloramphenicol resistant). Of these 43 resistant isolates, 42 were either biotype I or II. This distribution of biotypes among antibiotic-resustant isolates was significantly different from the overall distribution of biotypes (P is less than 0.001).

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Sepsis; Serotyping; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Noxythiolin; Peritonitis; Rats; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation

Escherichia coli O78: K80 strains isolated from an outbreak among premature and newborn infants with meningitis, sepsis and enteritis, from sporadic cases of enteritis and from healthy carriers were compared with one another and with different E. coli serogroups. The O78: K80 cultures uniformly failed to give the rabbit intestinal loop test and the guinea pig eye reaction and none of them contained L1 antigen. After intraperitoneal injection into mice, the organisms multiplied in the peritoneal cavity and caused bacteriaemia lasting at least 2 weeks. E. coli strains originating from septicaemia (O78: K80, O18a,c: K?, O83: K?) showed significantly lower LD50 values for mice (9 x 10(3)--7 x 10(5)) than did E. coli serogroups associated with infantile enteritis only (3 x 10(8)--7 x 10(8)). It is assumed that the isolates differ in pathogenicity not only from E. coli strains associated with "cholera-like" disease and with "dysenteriform" infection, but also from L1 antigen-containing cultures described in neonatal meningitis, and constitute a separate group characterized by an ability to cause meningitis, sepsis and enteritis within the same outbreak.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Chloramphenicol; Enteritis; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Mice; Sepsis; Tetracycline

In May and June 1973, 11 patients on the surgical service at the University of Maryland Hospital had bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas species. Seven of the isolates recovered from blood cultures had the same antibiogram (sensitive only to chloramphenicol and tetracycline). Ten of the 11 patients were given 25% normal serum albumin (human) shortly before the onset of symptoms. In contrast, only two of seven patients with bacteremia due to Psuedomonas aeruginosa in May and June (P =0.013) and only nine of 20 patients located in surgical special care units during these months (P =0.014) were given this product. When cultured, the albumin in one of 54 previously unopened vials from the implicated lot yielded Pseudomonas cepacia sensitive only to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Subsequent investigation showed that five more patients in four other hospitals had symptoms of bacteremia shortly after the infusion of different lots of albumin from the same manufacturer, and in four cases P. cepacia was cultured from the suspect albumin. Since sterility testing by manufacturers may not detect low-frequency contamination, surveillance of nosocomial infections, investigation of unusual disease clusters, and prompt reporting of suspect reactions are essential in the control of such outbreaks.

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Nalidixic Acid; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Tetracycline

The worldwide increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases confronts the physician to an increasing extent with this group of infections. The high morbidity and the change in the clinical picture of gonorrhea, especially its asymptomatic form, give rise to extragenital complications which frequently lead the patient to the internal specialist in the first instance. Non-gonorrheal urethritis, in particular the infectious form, is undergoing intensive research. A number of organisms may be responsible, but a non-infectious origin must also be kept in mind. Syphilis is still important. The late stages of the disease have become rare thanks to highly effective therapy with antibiotics. The early stages of the infection, however, must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of any genital or anal affection, and also in generalized exanthemas of unknown origin. Homosexual transmission presents diagnostic problems of its own. Serological mass screening is essential. Interpretation of the results must take into account the different specificity of the various serological tests and their indication.

Topics: Erythromycin; Family Practice; Female; Gonorrhea; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillins; Proctitis; Sepsis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Urethritis

The symptomless bacterial contamination of the biliary tree is apt to be the origin of general or local postoperative complications. The present retrospective study of 369 bilary operations with intraoperative bacteriologica investigations yielded the following results: septic wound complications were found in 9% of the cases with bacteriocholia against 3.5% in the cases with abacterial bile. In geriatric patients with complicated gallstone disease the bacterial contamination of the bile exceeds 50% of all cases. The importance of an adequate antibiotic treatment for this group, starting intraoperatively, is stressed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biliary Tract; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholangitis; Cholelithiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

The effect of subsequent cyclic administration of oleandomycin and tetracycline on the titer of the complement, the content of lysozyme, the bactericidal properties of the serum and the presence of the antibiotic specific antibodies in the blood serum found in the Hoigne reaction were studied on rabbits. It was found that the subsequent cyclic administration of the antibiotics to both the intact animals and the animals with experimental staphylococcal sepsis was accompanied by an increase in the titer of the complement only on the 7th day of administration of oleandomycin, the first antibiotic. The subsequent administration of tetracycline and especially discontinuation of the antibiotics use resulted in a significant, stable and prolonged decrease in the complement titer. The cyclic subsequent administration of oleandomycin and tetracycline for 7 days was accompanied by an increase in the lysozyme content and serum bactericidal properties. Changes in the factors of non-specific resistance under the effect of the subsequent cyclic administration of oleandomycin and tetracycline on both the intact animals and the animals with experimental staphylococcal sepsis were accompanied by an appearance, progressive increase and prolonged preservation in the serum of the antibiotic specific antibodies found in the Hoigne reaction. A possibility of producing specific antibodies simultaneously to the 2 antibiotics, i. e. oleandomycin and tetracycline in their administration in subsequent 7-day cycles was shown.

Topics: Animals; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Chinchilla; Complement System Proteins; Drug Combinations; Muramidase; Oleandomycin; Rabbits; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cefazolin; Cephalothin; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

A case of community-acquired pneumonia with Acinetobacter calcoacetium var. anitratus (Herellea vaginicola) is presented. Initial leukopenia and spare leukocytes in the sputum, followed by prolonged leukocytosis and fever, were unusual features of this case. The clinical significance and current antimicrobial drug therapy of acinetobacter infections are discussed.

Topics: Acinetobacter; Carbenicillin; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Sputum; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Humans; Leg; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Kanamycin; Nitrofurantoin; Pneumococcal Infections; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfamethizole; Tetracycline; United States

A study was made of 111 strains of plasma-negative spathylococci isolated from the blood, pleural fluid, urine, and exudate of the abdominal cavity of 30 patients. The studies were carried out by 18 criteria. A variety of biological properties and signs characteristic of pathogenic staphylococci (hemolytic activity, anaerobic splitting of mannite, the presence of phosphatase, lysozyme, protease, alpha-toxin, fibrinolysin) were noted. A high resistance to tetracycline and penicillin was found in the strains isolated from the blood and the pleural cavity.

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Bacteriophage Typing; Bacteriuria; Cross Infection; Erythrocytes; Fibrinolysin; Hemolysis; Humans; Mannitol; Muramidase; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Phospholipases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pleural Effusion; Pyelonephritis; Rabbits; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline; Toxins, Biological

A case of Clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis is described. The onset was acute and a rapidly fatal outcome ensued. Radiological findings were negative. An approach to the antibiotic treatment and general management is discussed.

Topics: Aged; Cephaloridine; Cholecystitis; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Tetracycline

A simple model has been developed for the production of bacterial endocarditis in rabbits. The principle depends on the insertion of a polyethylene catheter into the venous or arterial system so that the tip rests in the heart cavity in which endocarditis is to be established. After catheter placement, intravenous injection of any one of a variety of microorganisms regularly produces infective endocarditis. The characteristics of the infection in rabbits are similar to those observed in infective endocarditis in man. The production of streptococcus viridans infections in previously immunized animals leads to the development of diffuse glomerulonephritis. Translating antibiotic doses on a weight basis, prophylactic antibiotic treatment programs recommended in man have been shown to be ineffective in rabbits. If the activity of antibiotics in this model infection in rabbits can be assumed to be comparable to that in man, it is necessary that we reconsider the currently accepted recommendation for prophylaxis and treatment of infective endocarditis in man.

Topics: Animals; Cardiac Catheterization; Drug Administration Schedule; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Penicillin G Procaine; Rabbits; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

A 31-year-old, previously healthy woman contracted Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, proved by isolation and serologic titer rise. She was inadequately treated, and before complete recovery, she became ill with Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia and bacteremia.

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Penicillin G; Penicillin V; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Local footpad infection in mouse was investigated with 55 clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus. When 10(7) viable cells were inoculated into the footpad, local swelling and bacterial growth resulted after 24 hr. With a dose of 10(6) cells, moderate swelling was observed after a few hours but the reaction had almost disappeared after 24 hr. About 75% of the staphylococcal strains tested caused footpad edema in mice at doses of 10(7) cells. A statistical comparison of the virulence of the organisms on intravenous and intraperitoneal injection with that in inducing footpad swelling is also reported.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Edema; Erythromycin; Female; Foot; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Mice; Penicillin G; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Virulence

Two boys aged up to 2 weeks suffered from enterobacter-sepsis. In both cases osteomyelitis developed in spite of treatment with Gentamycin or Gentamycin combined with Chepazolin. Both children were, taking accont of the risks, then treated with Chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg body weight/24 hours) and the first patient also, for a short time, with tetracyclin. In the second patient we saw a marrow depression dependent on Chloramphenicol and its dosage which disappeared rapidly, when the drug was withheld.

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Osteomyelitis; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Blood Cell Count; Blood Sedimentation; Chronic Disease; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ehrlichia; gamma-Globulins; Recurrence; Rickettsiaceae Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline; United States

Topics: Adult; Aged; Autopsy; Carbenicillin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Bacitracin; Colectomy; Colon; Colonic Diseases; Colonic Neoplasms; Colostomy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Neomycin; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Rectal Diseases; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Cephalothin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cysteine; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Thioglycolates; Vancomycin

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Isoxazoles; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Recurrence; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Male; North America; Penicillin Resistance; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; United Kingdom; United States

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Blood; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Kanamycin; Methods; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Partial Pressure; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraxella; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Stomatitis; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Digestive System; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Scotland; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Bacterial Infections; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chronic Disease; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Meninges; Meningitis; Penicillins; Prednisone; Propionibacterium; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

The literature concerning Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in animals and man is briefly reviewed and a case presented in which the organism was the cause of septicaemia in a patient receiving chemotherapy for myeloid leukaemia. Bacteriological findings are recorded and compared with those of other authors.

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pasteurella Infections; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Antigens, Bacterial; Cephalothin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Kanamycin; Meningitis; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Evaluation; Empyema; Erythromycin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Peptococcus; Peptostreptococcus; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Twenty-three of 43 E. coli and 25 of 39 Klebsiella isolates, resistant to two or more antibiotics, transferred one or more resistance genes to a recipient E. coli K(12) culture. Resistances transferred most frequently by both species were those to kanamycin and neomycin. E. coli cultures transferred resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and carbenicillin, whereas Klebsiella isolates transferred resistance to the first two of these antibiotics. Extrapolation of these results to a larger series of isolations of E. coli and Klebsiella from hospital patients suggested that 21 and 18% respectively of cultures of these two organisms carried potentially transferable resistance.

Topics: Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Neomycin; Ontario; Penicillin Resistance; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Wound Infection

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Bicarbonates; Blood Transfusion; Chloramphenicol; Digoxin; Escherichia coli Infections; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Hysterectomy; Isoproterenol; Kanamycin; Penicillins; Plasma Substitutes; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Military Medicine; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sulfisoxazole; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Air Microbiology; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Operating Rooms; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Quebec; Sepsis; Serotyping; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Cephalothin; Clindamycin; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; New York City; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Appendicitis; Arthritis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Sepsis; Serologic Tests; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Body Temperature; Burns; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Carbenicillin; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharynx; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline; Urinary Catheterization; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cross Infection; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Lung; Penicillin Resistance; Prognosis; Sepsis; Skin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract

Topics: Acridines; Animals; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Erythromycin; Kidney; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Virulence

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow; Busulfan; Cytarabine; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Purpura; Radiography; Sepsis; Splenomegaly; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Thioguanine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Catheterization; Cephalothin; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Kentucky; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Blood; Culture Media; Doxycycline; Female; Fever; Gonorrhea; Humans; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillins; Sepsis; Skin Manifestations; Tetracycline; Uterus

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pressure Ulcer; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Interactions; Exanthema; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Male; Penicillins; Sepsis; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bronchi; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drainage; Empyema; Erythromycin; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Missouri; Penicillins; Pleural Effusion; Sepsis; Sputum; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Empyema; Gentamicins; Humans; Infections; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chlorides; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Lipase; Lysogeny; Mercury; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline; Transduction, Genetic

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Male; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

A Gram-negative bacillus isolated from the blood of a leukaemic patient with septicaemia was identified on the basis of common tests as Escherichia coli. However, the organism's antibiogram was atypical of E. coli and led to its re-examination and correct identification as Aeromonas hydrophila. A. hydrophila is sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline, characteristics useful in differentiation from E. coli. A simple test differentiating this organism from the Enterobacteriaceae is the oxidase test. A. hydrophila is oxidase positive.

Topics: Adolescent; Aeromonas; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxidoreductases; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Species Specificity; Tetracycline; Ulcer

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chlortetracycline; Depression, Chemical; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kinetics; Methacycline; Oxytetracycline; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anemia; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Reactive; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Gonorrhea; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Menstruation; Myocarditis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V; Pericarditis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pyuria; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Antibodies; Bacteriuria; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Kanamycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillins; Precipitin Tests; Sepsis; Serratia marcescens; Sputum; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteroides Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestive System; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Fusobacterium; Georgia; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sepsis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Humans; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Erythromycin; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Lincomycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Antisepsis; Carrier State; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Hand; Hexachlorophene; Hospital Departments; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Meningitis; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Osteomyelitis; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Rectum; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Umbilical Cord; Vagina

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Kanamycin; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Polycythemia Vera; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Synergism; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts; Biopsy; Cholangitis; Cholestasis; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Fatty Liver; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis; Humans; Inflammation; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Portal System; Prednisolone; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Sulfamethizole; Tetracycline; Washington

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Culture Techniques; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Serratia marcescens; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Depression, Chemical; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Kanamycin; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Male; Meningitis, Listeria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Female; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Femur; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Humerus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus Infections; Radiography; Radius; Salmonella Infections; Seasons; Sepsis; Splints; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tibia; Ulna

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Curettage; Drug Synergism; Female; Gas Gangrene; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rabbits; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chloramphenicol; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Pseudomonas; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Methods; Novobiocin; Pseudomonas; Sepsis; Serologic Tests; Tetracycline; Vietnam

Topics: Adult; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Endocarditis; Female; Gallbladder Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lung Abscess; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacteroides; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diagnosis, Differential; Enterococcus faecalis; Female; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Jaundice; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Complications; Pseudomonas; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Transfusion Reaction

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bacitracin; Bacteriophage Typing; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Denmark; Erythromycin; Genetics, Microbial; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Lysogeny; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Sex Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

The results of treatment have been analysed in 173 patients with septicaemia during 1962-8. Between 1962 and 1965 various antibiotics were used, and shock was treated with vasopressor agents. Between 1966 and 1968 kanamycin was given initially, and shock was treated with corticosteroids and with intravenous fluid therapy monitored with a central venous pressure manometer.The mortality rate in 1966-8 fell to half that of the earlier period in patients with Gram-negative infections, and in those with shock. The reduced mortality in the latter was clearly associated with the use of a central venous manometer to control intravenous fluid therapy, though whether the reduction resulted from specific improvement in intravenous therapy or from the necessary closer observation of the patient is not clear. Staphylococcal septicaemia was common during both periods, and its mortality rate did not fall; hence methicillin together with kanamycin is now given initially in all cases.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Chloramphenicol; Digitalis Glycosides; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiac Catheterization; Electrodes; Female; Heart Block; Humans; Infections; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Pacemaker, Artificial; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Time Factors

A fatal case of Listeria monocytogenes septicaemia and encephalitis is described. The infection was associated with steroid therapy given for necrotizing cutaneous vasculitis. Agglutinating antibodies were not detectable in the patient's serum. Reasons for the failure of apparently appropriate antibiotic therapy are discussed.

Topics: Aged; Agglutination Tests; Ampicillin; Encephalitis; Female; Humans; Listeriosis; Prednisone; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Denmark; Erythromycin; Humans; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Cattle; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Heart Atria; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Jugular Veins; Kanamycin; Methicillin; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Portal Vein; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vena Cava, Inferior

Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Uracil

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Washington

Topics: Adult; Cellulitis; Colicins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infections; Male; Malpractice; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Mouth; Penicillins; Sepsis; Spinal Puncture; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Aeromonas; Child; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mercaptopurine; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia; Child; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Humans; Hypothermia; Infections; Kwashiorkor; Nutrition Disorders; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Diarrhea, Infantile; Enteritis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Meningitis; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Tooth, Deciduous; Vomiting; Whooping Cough

Topics: Drug Synergism; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Oleandomycin; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Demeclocycline; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Methacycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sepsis; Serratia; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Middle Aged; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Imidazoles; Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Peritoneal Diseases; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vascular Diseases; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Otitis; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Rolitetracycline; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pasteurella Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacitracin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Penicillin G; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Troleandomycin; Vancomycin

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Erythromycin; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Nocardia Infections; Penicillins; Radiography, Thoracic; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline

Pre- and post-extraction blood cultures were taken from 242 patients. The post-extraction ones were taken from 100 unpremedicated patients, from 42 with an erythromycin estolate cover, and from 100 patients after protection with pyrrolidino methyl tetracycline. The 100 post-extraction blood cultures from unpremedicated patients gave 64 positive results which yielded 155 strains, 88 of which were not aerobes. One hundred and fifteen representative strains were tested for sensitivity to 22 antibiotics. Of the 42 patients who received the erythromycin orally, 16 yielded positive blood cultures of mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes and of the 100 given one intravenous injection of the tetracycline three only developed a bacteraemia of a single type of aerobe. The serum concentrations obtained with the tetracycline given intravenously were 15 to 20 times higher than the serum levels obtained with the erythromycin given orally. There is a strong indication for using this kind of efficient antibiotic cover for dental extractions and other operative procedures known to be followed by a bacteraemia.

Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Carrier State; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis

Topics: Animals; Mice; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Hypotension; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acinetobacter; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Liver Cirrhosis; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Angina Pectoris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy; Emergencies; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypoxia; Metaraminol; Sepsis; Shock; Shock, Septic; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Campylobacter fetus; Meningitis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Vibrio

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Blood; Bronchopneumonia; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloramphenicol; Geriatrics; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Meningitis; Mortality; Otitis Media; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Testosterone; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Fever; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocyte Count; Meningitis; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Mortality; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Congenital Abnormalities; Cortisone; Esophageal Fistula; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Jaundice; Jaundice, Neonatal; Penicillins; Prednisone; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sclerema Neonatorum; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Alcaligenes; Alcaligenes faecalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bronchial Fistula; Chloramphenicol; Empyema; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Pneumothorax; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Burns; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Shigella; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Aeromonas; Alcoholism; Ascites; Bacteremia; Escherichia coli Infections; Geriatrics; Humans; Intestines; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Denmark; Dermatology; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Coma; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Meningitis; Meningitis, Listeria; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Seizures; Sepsis; Serologic Tests; Spiramycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteremia; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Immunization, Passive; Klebsiella; Leukocyte Count; New York; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Sepsis; Statistics as Topic; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Epidemiology; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Listeria; Listeriosis; Meningitis; Meningitis, Listeria; Penicillins; Sepsis; South Carolina; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Air Microbiology; Antisepsis; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriophage Typing; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Empyema; Enteritis; Epidemiology; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Pressure Ulcer; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Wound Infection

Topics: Abortion, Criminal; Abortion, Septic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anuria; Biopsy; Criminals; Curettage; Diuresis; Eclampsia; Female; Fever; Hemoglobinuria; Hemolysis; Humans; Jaundice; Kidney Cortex Necrosis; Kidney Diseases; Nephritis; Nephritis, Interstitial; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kanamycin; Nitrofurantoin; Ohio; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomedical Research; Blood; Child; Drug Therapy; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Geriatrics; Humans; Klebsiella; Labyrinth Diseases; Metabolism; Micromonospora; Pharmacology; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Pyelonephritis; Salmonella; Sepsis; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Cross Infection; Diabetes Mellitus; Erythromycin; Furunculosis; Fusidic Acid; Gangrene; Humans; Leukemia; Lung Diseases; Penicillins; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella; Norway; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Thoracic Surgery

Topics: Aging; Angiotensins; Bacteremia; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Kanamycin; Metaraminol; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Proteus; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sex; Streptomycin; Sympatholytics; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriolysis; Blood; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Erythromycin; L Forms; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Research; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus equi; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Neisseria; Penicillins; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bephenium Compounds; Child; Humans; Iron; Prednisolone; Quinacrine; Sepsis; Sulfates; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Arthritis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Joint Diseases; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Suppuration; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Bacillus; Bone Marrow; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; gamma-Globulins; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Infections; Paratyphoid Fever; Rickettsia Infections; Sepsis; Shigella; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Virus Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Methicillin; Osteitis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Bacteremic shock is second in frequency only to myocardial infarction as a cause of hypotension and death in hospitalized medical patients. The clinical course is marked by fever, usually with chills, and hypotension with a full pulse and warm extremities, followed by shock, often resistant to treatment. Anticipation of this complication in patients with certain predisposing diseases or factors facilitates early recognition of the symptoms and signs of bacteremic shock and prompt treatment. Early and effective treatment of the offending infection often prevents progression of hypotension to the stage of frank vascular collapse.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Emergencies; Humans; Hypotension; Metaraminol; Methicillin; Myocardial Infarction; Norepinephrine; Phenoxybenzamine; Sepsis; Shock; Shock, Septic; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Criminal; Abortion, Septic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Chloramphenicol; Clostridium perfringens; Criminals; Female; Gas Gangrene; Hemoglobinuria; Hemolysis; Humans; Kidneys, Artificial; Oleandomycin; Pigmentation Disorders; Pregnancy; Renal Insufficiency; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Furunculosis; Humans; Lung Abscess; Plants, Medicinal; Pneumonia; Pyelitis; Pyelocystitis; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteriology; Blood; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis; Meningitis, Listeria; Mexico; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sepsis; Statistics as Topic; Tetracycline; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Erythromycin; Geriatrics; Hydrocortisone; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dogs; Escherichia coli Infections; Metabolism; Mice; Pharmacology; Research; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhi; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchiectasis; Cholangitis; Coombs Test; Drug Hypersensitivity; Empyema; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Hemagglutination; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Precipitin Tests; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cold Temperature; Mice; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Novobiocin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Colistin; Humans; Kanamycin; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Lung Diseases; Meningoencephalitis; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Sepsis; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Over 50 per cent of all staphylococcic infections are hospital-acquired. In 92 per cent of hospital-acquired infection, the organism is resistant to penicillin, and in 74 per cent to tetracycline.Chloramphenicol, bacitracin, novobiocin and erythromycin are the drugs of choice for therapy. There was good correlation between clinical response and antibiotic therapy selected on the basis of results of organism sensitivity tests done by the agar diffusion technique.Cross-resistance among the tetracyclines averaged 94 per cent. Erythromycin and magnamycin showed similar pattern. Mortality in infants less than two months old was 7.8 per cent as compared with 1.1 per cent in older children. Death was related either to pneumonia or to septicemia in the ten fatalities recorded in this series.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Micrococcus; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteremia; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Infections; Lung Diseases; Micrococcus; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Siblings; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Sepsis; Tetracycline