tetracycline and Salmonella-Food-Poisoning

Nontyphoidal Salmonella are one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases in the world. As poultry products are recognized as main sources of human salmonellosis, nontyphoidal Salmonella control has become a global issue for the poultry industry. The increasing antimicrobial resistance in poultry-related nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars is a global matter of concern. By monitoring the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments can be identified and possible restrictions in the treatment of systemic human salmonellosis foreseen. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the profile and temporal evolution of the antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella of poultry and human origin in Brazil, isolated in the period from 1995 to 2014. Four databases were researched; twenty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the nontyphoidal isolates of poultry origin, the highest levels of antimicrobial resistance were verified for sulfonamides (44.3%), nalidixic acid (42.5%), and tetracycline (35.5%). In the human-origin isolates, the resistance occurred mainly for sulfonamides (46.4%), tetracycline (36.9%), and ampicillin (23.6%). Twenty-two articles described results of antimicrobial resistance specifically for Salmonella Enteritidis, also enabling the individual meta-analysis of this serovar. For most antimicrobials, the resistance levels of Salmonella Enteritidis were lower than those found when considering all the nontyphoidal serovars. In the poultry-origin isolates, a quadratic temporal distribution was observed, with reduced resistance to streptomycin in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all nontyphoidal serovars, and a linear increase of resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis. In the human-origin isolates, a linear increase was identified in the resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all the nontyphoidal isolates, and to gentamicin in Salmonella Enteritidis. Continuous monitoring of the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance could support the measurement of the consequences on poultry and human health.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Poultry Products; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamases; Chickens; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Iraq; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Nalidixic Acid; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella typhimurium; Serogroup; Streptomycin; Sulfamethizole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Whole Genome Sequencing

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is an important causative agent of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in human populations. In this study, we collected 72 S. Enteritidis strains from 2004 to 2014 in Ningbo, mid-east China. Of the 72 strains, we identified a dominant clone of 58 strains recovered from patient's feces (n = 48), blood (n = 1), pleural effusion (n = 1), chickens (n = 3), and dessert cakes (n = 5) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The profile arrangements of MLVA were SE1-SE2-SE3-SE5-SE6-SE8-SE9: 4-4-3-11-10-1-3. These dominant strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and resistant to nalidixic acid. Additionally, all isolates harboured virulence genes invA, sipA, sopE, and spvB when tested by PCR. Our results reveal that genetically similar S. Enteritidis strains which accounted for several outbreaks as well as blood infection and pleural cavity infection are prevalent in China for a long-term period. This situation calls for further attention in the prevention and control of foodborne disease caused by Salmonella species.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animal Diseases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; China; Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Food Microbiology; Genes, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections; Serogroup; Tetracycline; Virulence

Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes an estimated 1.2 million infections, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths annually in the United States. Most illnesses are self-limited; however, treatment with antimicrobial agents can be life-saving for invasive infections.. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System collaborated on a prospective cohort study of patients with nontyphoidal Salmonella bloodstream and gastrointestinal infections to determine differences in the clinical outcomes of resistant compared with pansusceptible infections. Interviews were conducted within 85 days of specimen collection date.. Of 875 nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates, 705 (81%) were pansusceptible, 165 (19%) were resistant to at least 1 agent, and 5 (0.6%) had only intermediate resistance. The most common pattern, found in 51 (31%) of resistant isolates, was resistance to at least ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT); 88% of isolates with this pattern were serotype Typhimurium or Newport. Fourteen (52%) of the 27 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were also ACSSuT resistant. Adjusted for age and serotype, bloodstream infection was significantly more common among patients infected with strains resistant to only two, only three, or only five antimicrobial classes, to ACSSuT with or without other agents, to ACSSuT only, or to nalidixic acid with or without other agents than among patients with pansusceptible isolates. Adjusted for age, serotype, and bloodstream infection, hospitalization was significantly more common among patients infected with strains resistant to only three agents or to ceftriaxone (all ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were resistant to other agents) than among patients with pansusceptible isolates.. This study extends evidence that patients with antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infections have more severe outcomes. Prevention efforts are needed to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use in patient care settings and in food animals to help prevent the emergence of resistance and infections with resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Prospective Studies; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Streptomycin; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Female; Humans; Male; Meat; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Humans; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Russia; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Immunotherapy; Plasma Substitutes; Povidone; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella typhimurium; Tetracycline

Topics: Carrier State; Child; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Eggs; Epidemiology; Feces; Food Handling; Food Service, Hospital; Gastroenteritis; Geriatrics; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Metaraminol; Minnesota; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Procaine; Procaine; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Enteritis; Humans; Salmonella; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Infant; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Salmonella Food Poisoning; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline