tetracycline and Root-Resorption

It is essential that every health care professional who is involved with the prescription or recommendation of drugs be fully aware of any resultant disorders that may arise as a side-effect. A range of drugs can affect the teeth. In this review article, drugs that have the potential to induce changes in teeth have been classified as those leading to tooth discoloration (intrinsic and extrinsic), physical damage to tooth structure (enamel, dentin, and cementum), and alteration in tooth sensitivity.

Topics: Carbohydrates; Chlorhexidine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Minocycline; Mouthwashes; Root Resorption; Saliva; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Erosion; Toothache

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the effects of frequent applications of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on corticotomy-assisted tooth movement in a beagle dog model and to compare the effects in the mandible and maxilla.. In 4 male beagles, the maxillary and mandibular second premolars were extracted. The third premolars were corticotomized and then protracted from the canines with a continuous force of 200 g. Daily LLLT (using an aluminum gallium indium phosphide [AlGaInP] diode) was applied at the buccal mucosa of the corticotomized premolars on 1 side only. The tooth movement was measured for 8 weeks. Fluorochromes were injected intravenously at the start of the experiment (T0) and after 2 (T2), 4 (T4), and 8 (T8) weeks to evaluate new bone formation on the tension sides. Histomorphometric and immunohistologic evaluations were performed.. In the mandible, the movement of the corticotomized premolars in the LLLT plus corticotomy group was less than that in the corticotomy-only group, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the maxilla, no significant differences between the 2 groups were found. Osteoclastic and proliferating cell activities and the amount of new bone formation were greater in the mandibular LLLT plus corticotomy group than in the corticotomy-only group.. The frequent application of LLLT showed no significant effect on the corticotomized tooth movement.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Bicuspid; Bone Resorption; Cell Proliferation; Dogs; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Isoenzymes; Lasers, Semiconductor; Low-Level Light Therapy; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Models, Animal; Orthodontic Wires; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Pilot Projects; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Root Resorption; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques

Placement of mini-implants carries with it the risk of iatrogenic damage to the adjacent root surfaces. The aims of this study were to assess the type of trauma incurred on tooth roots after contact or approximation with mini-implants during placement, and to observe and analyze the healing responses via histologic analysis.. Four male minipigs were used as experimental subjects. Twenty mini-implants (1.6 × 8 mm) were implanted in each minipig into the buccal sides of all 4 quadrants between the roots of teeth so that contact or approximation between the mini-implant and root surface occurred, with the aid of dental fluoroscopy. All mini-implants on the left side of the mouth were left in situ, and all mini-implants on the right side were removed immediately after placement. The minipigs were killed at 4-week intervals up to week 16, and histologic sections were made.. When mini-implants were left in situ, the root surface was mostly resorbed away from the mini-implant thread. Partial repair started at 8 weeks. When the mini-implant thread was left touching the root, there was no normal healing response. If the mini-implant was placed less than 1 mm from the periodontal ligament, resorption was evident on the root surface. Abnormal healing responses were seen when the pulp tissue was ruptured, mostly through osteodentin formation. In all instances after mini-implant removal immediately after placement, varying degrees of cementum repair was observed.. Immediate removal of the mini-implant leads to cementum repair, whereas leaving the mini-implant in place will cause either a delay in repair or no repair. Placing mini-implants less than 1 mm from the root surface causes root-surface resorption.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Cementogenesis; Dental Cementum; Dental Implants; Dental Pulp; Dentin, Secondary; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluoroscopy; Male; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Periodontal Ligament; Root Resorption; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth Root; Wound Healing

This case report presents an unusual complication, cervical root resorption, after a conventional connective tissue grafting procedure and tetracycline root conditioning. The recession was 7 mm high, with 0.5 mm of keratinized tissue present, a 2-mm probing depth, and was classified as Miller Class III. The clinical result was satisfactory and 5 mm of root coverage was achieved. However, after 20 months, cervical resorption was diagnosed. It is suggested that tetracycline root conditioning may cause root resorption in long-term evaluations. There is also a possibility of root resorption occurring in 1-year postoperative controls. Other factors will be discussed in relation to this negative clinical result.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Connective Tissue; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Root Planing; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tooth Cervix; Tooth Root; Wound Healing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of clodronate, a first-generation bisphosphonate, on early alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption related to orthodontic tooth movement.. The samples consisted of 54 sex-matched Wistar rats (weight, 180-230 g) allocated to the 2.5 mmol/L clodronate, 10 mmol/L clodronate, and control groups (n = 18 for each group). After application of a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring (force, 60 g) between the maxillary central incisor and first molar, 2.5 mmol/L of clodronate, 10 mmol/L of clodronate, or saline solution was injected into the subperiosteum adjacent to the maxillary first molar every third day. All animals received tetracycline, calcein, and alizarin red by intraperitoneal injection at 1, 6, and 14 days, respectively. The amounts of tooth movement were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. The animals were killed at 4, 7, and 17 days. Histomorphometric analyses of bone mineral appositional rate, labeled surface, percentage of root resorption area, and number of root resorption lacunae of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar at 4, 7, and 17 days were done. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc test were done for statistical analyses.. Rats in the 10 mmol/L clodronate group had significant decreases of tooth movement (12 and 15 days, P <0.05) and percentages of root resorption area and numbers of root resorption lacunae (7 day, P <0.05), and increases of labeled surface and mineral appositional rates (17 day, P <0.05) over those of the 2.5 mmol/L clodronate and control groups.. Although clodronate might decrease root resorption related to orthodontic tooth movement, patients should be informed about a possible decrease in the amount of tooth movement and a prolonged period of orthodontic treatment.

Topics: Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Calcification, Physiologic; Clodronic Acid; Dental Alloys; Female; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Incisor; Male; Molar; Nickel; Orthodontic Wires; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Stress, Mechanical; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Movement Techniques

There are several protocols for the successful management of dental trauma emergencies. However, these existing protocols are inconsistent regarding several issues. As the Israeli dental community and patients have specific characteristics, a modified and adaptable protocol was required. This new protocol contains simple and straightforward clinical guidelines, arranged in table format, according to the nature of the trauma. The present study shows the protocol for luxation and avulsion injuries, with new recommendations for the treatment of luxated closed-apex teeth, the preferred at-site treatment and storage medium for avulsed teeth, and the conditioning of the root surface in these cases. To emphasize and explain the modification of this new protocol, research-based information has been incorporated.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Protocols; Dental Pulp; Fluorides; Humans; Israel; Root Canal Therapy; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tissue Preservation; Tooth Apex; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Replantation

Root resorption and ankylosis have been reported rarely as sequelae to guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The authors describe a clinical case of root resorption following GTR that involved the use of a bioabsorbable membrane.. Two years after GTR was performed on a Class II furcation defect, the clinical examination revealed root resorption reaching the pulp chamber. The furcation defect was filled with epithelium and connective tissue, which contained inflammatory infiltrate and fragments of the membrane. The authors also observed areas of the tooth that exhibited points of ankylosis and root resorption.. Clinical trials have reported favorable clinical and histologic results with GTR. However, this case report, along with other case reports and studies in animals, suggests a high risk of root resorption and ankylosis after GTR, which could limit the indications for this technique.

Topics: Absorbable Implants; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Citrates; Female; Furcation Defects; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Polyesters; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tooth Ankylosis

When a tooth sustains a luxation injury, attachment damage of varying degrees will occur. In addition, necrosis of the pulp might result, thereby making the pulp space susceptible to infection. These circumstances can lead to root resorption. Treatment for root resorption includes preventing it by avoiding causes of root surface injury, minimizing initial inflammation, and reversing resorption.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dental Cementum; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Prognosis; Pulpitis; Root Canal Therapy; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tooth Ankylosis; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Replantation; Tooth Root; Wound Healing

Topics: Ankylosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Cementum; Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium; Root Resorption; Tetracycline; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Replantation; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing

The use of systemic penicillin after an avulsion injury has been recommended as a way to decrease the occurrence of resorption complications. Our previous study has shown systemic tetracycline to possess anti-resorptive properties independent of potential anti-bacterial actions. The purpose of this study was to compare histologically the effectiveness of tetracycline and amoxicillin in limiting inflammatory root resorption (IR) secondary to pulpal infection, in replanted dogs' teeth. Thirty root canals in five dogs were infected with plaque. The roots were extracted, the lingual mid-roots were shaved with a fissure bur ensuring cemental damage and immediately replanted. Dogs were given either tetracycline hydrochloride or amoxicillin, administered orally, on the day of extraction and replantation and for the following 6 days. The control group was teeth in these animals treated in the same manner but where no antibiotics were given. After approximately 6 months, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth prepared for histologic evaluation. The shaved root surface was identified in cross-sections and eight equidistant points along the cut root surface were evaluated for healing (H) or IR in eight sections per tooth. For the tetracycline group, H averaged 67.22% and IR 32.78%, which was not statistically different from the amoxicillin group with H averaging 56.88% and IR 43.12%. The tetracycline group was superior to the control group with H = 27.86% and IR = 72.14%. Since tetracycline has been shown to have anti-resorptive properties in addition to the antibacterial properties demonstrated here, it could be considered as an alternative to amoxicillin after avulsion injuries.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dogs; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Penicillins; Root Resorption; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tetracycline; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Replantation

The use of systemic penicillin after an avulsion injury has been recommended to decrease the occurrence of resorption complications. Tetracycline antibiotics have been reported to possess anti-resorptive properties in addition to their anti-microbial actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of systemically administered tetracycline and amoxicillin on the inhibition of resorption due to attachment damage after replantation of dogs' teeth. Thirty-one roots from the teeth of four beagle dogs were endodontically treated to inhibit subsequent inflammatory root resorption of pulpal origin. They were then extracted and left to bench dry for 1 h to ensure severe periodontal ligament damage before replantation. For the teeth in the experimental groups, two dogs were given tetracycline hydrochloride and the other two dogs were given amoxicillin, administered orally, on the day of extraction/replantation and for the following 6 days. The control group were teeth in these animals treated in the same manner but where no antibiotics had been given. After 12-16 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and histological sections were prepared and evaluated for complete healing, inflammatory and replacement root resorption, and the groups were compared. It was shown that healing in the amoxicillin and the control groups was poor (10.90% and 11.28%, respectively), while for the tetracycline group, 35.45% showed complete healing. Individual teeth with over 50% complete healing sites were considered as having good healing, and significantly more of these teeth were found in the tetracycline group (5 of 11 teeth) compared to the amoxicillin (1 of 11 teeth) or control group (1 of 8 teeth).

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Dogs; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Penicillins; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontium; Root Resorption; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tetracycline; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Replantation; Wound Healing

Root resorption is reported as a microscopic finding in trials attempting to regenerate the periodontium using tetracycline or citric acid root conditioning. This report deals with a case of progressive cervical root resorption in a female patient who had been successfully treated by tetracycline root conditioning. The article emphasizes the possibility of this adverse effect, and discusses a possible mechanism inducing this phenomenon.

Topics: Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Alveolar Bone Loss; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Decalcification Technique; Female; Humans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Root Resorption; Tetracycline

The study was designed to elucidate the effect of physiological tooth movement on cellular cementum, using the upper molar roots of 10-week-old rats. Paraffin sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin displayed two types of cellular cementum, lightly and darkly staining. The lightly stained was present on the distal half of all molar roots except the mesial root of the first molar. The alveolar bone facing the lightly stained cementum showed resorption lacunae and multinucleated osteoclasts, while the opposite bone surface was lined with osteoblasts. In contact microradiographs of undemineralized ground sections, the X-ray density of the lightly stained cementum was similar to that of the periodontal ligament and pulp, while the X-ray density of the darkly stained cementum was similar to that of alveolar bone. Tetracycline labelling lines were seen at the interface between the two types of cellular cementum as well as on surfaces of bone and cementum located mesially to the root dentine. The results suggest that the mechanical stress of tooth movement differently affects the alveolar bone and cellular cementum; the bone is resorbed whereas the cementum resists resorption and its calcification is inhibited under the compressive force of tooth movement.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Alveolar Process; Animals; Bone Resorption; Dental Cementum; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Male; Microradiography; Molar; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Ligament; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Stress, Mechanical; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Migration; Tooth Root