tetracycline and Pseudomonas-Infections

Prostatitis remains a challenging condition. The clinical features are often nonspecific while the aetiology and pathogenesis can be diverse and includes inflammatory, obstructive, and/or chemical causes and may also be related to calculi. Four categories are recognized: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, non-bacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia. The diagnosis of prostatitis was advanced substantially by the introduction of sequential sampling of urine aliquots following prostatic massage. Bacterial prostatitis is largely associated with the Enterobacteriaceae although Pseudomonas spp., enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus may also be isolated. In chronic bacterial prostatitis a variety of streptococci and anaerobic bacteria may be isolated. Treatment is difficult largely owing to the limited range of agents able to achieve therapeutic concentrations within prostatic fluid, which has a pH lower than that of plasma. Trimethroprim, co-trimoxazole and the tetracyclines have been widely used. The quinolones have recently been shown to diffuse readily into the prostate; ofloxacin and temafloxacin have produced the highest concentrations in prostatic fluid. Antibiotic treatment requires prolonged high dosage and careful monitoring to ensure that bacterial eradication has occurred. Other forms of management have included the judicious use of anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics. In some patients zinc sulphate has proved to be of symptomatic benefit.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Male; Prostatitis; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacteriuria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cycloserine; Cystitis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Kanamycin; Methenamine; Methods; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Corynebacterium; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Haplorhini; Kidney; Ligation; Mice; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin G; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Rabbits; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Ureter

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Serratia; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

In vitro and animal experimental data suggest the combination of edetate sodium (EDTA) by aerosol plus oral antimicrobials might be effective in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For six months we studied the effects of edetate sodium administered by ultrasonic nebulizer to ten children with CF and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The children had evidence of mild to moderate disease at entry in the study, with a mean (+/- SD) forced expiratory volume in the first second of 85% (+/- 18%) of the predicted value and a mean (+/- SD) Shwachman-Kulczycki score of 83 (+/- 7)/100. Each child was on a three-month regimen of aerosolized edetate sodium plus oral tetracycline twice daily followed by three months of placebo aerosol plus tetracycline or vice versa. Progress was assessed by measurement of pulmonary function, physical examination, and sputum cultures at four weekly intervals, plus chest roentgenograms on entry and after each of the three-month treatment periods. Daily symptoms were assessed using a diary card system. Two patients could not complete the study, one because of severe respiratory relapse, the other because of antibiotic side effects. Of the remaining eight patients, none showed any improvement in pulmonary function, weight gain, or growth acceleration, and none was rendered free of Pseudomonas lung infection. Daily symptom scores and chest roentgenograms were unaltered by edetate sodium. We conclude that the combination of aerosol edetate sodium plus oral tetracycline over a three-month period does not modify the clinical course nor the pulmonary flora in patients with CF with chronic Pseudomonas lung infection.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Aerosols; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edetic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Therapy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Time Factors

There were 50 patients with acute epididymitis who were evaluated prospectively by history, examination and microbiologic studies, including cultures for aerobes, anaerobes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated from the urine of men more than 35 years old, while Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were the predominant pathogens isolated from the urethra of men less than 35 years old. The etiologic role of Escherichia coli and Chlamydia trachomatis was confirmed by isolation from epididymal aspirates from a high proportion of men with positive urine or urethral cultures for these agents. Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis accounted for two-thirds of idiopathic epididymitis in young men and often was associated with oligospermia. Of 9 female sexual partners of men with Chlamydia trachomatis infection 6 had antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis, of whom 2 had positive cervical cultures for this organism and 2 others had non-gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline was effective for the treatment of men with Chlamydia trachomatis epididymitis and should be offered to the female sex partners.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Cell Count; Epididymitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Examination; Prospective Studies; Pseudomonas Infections; Semen; Sexual Behavior; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

The study aims to explore the combinatorial effect of naringin with antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The antibiofilm efficacy of selected treatment regimes against P. aeruginosa biofilm were quantified by crystal violet assay, MTT assay, Congo red binding assay, and were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All the assays reflected antibiofilm activities, however, combinatorial performances of naringin with antibiotics were found to be more significant. A significant reduction in swimming and swarming motilities along with pellicle formation and altered colony morphology were observed as a result of combinatorial effect. The cytotoxicity of naringin and its antibiotic combinations was assayed on murine macrophage cell line. The applicability of such combinations was tested for their relative eradication against pre-formed biofilm on urinary catheter surface. This finding indicated that naringin potentiates the efficacy of both ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on P. aeruginosa biofilm in comparison to their solo treatment. The finding would help to open hitherto unexplored possibilities of establishing naringin as a potential antibiofilm agent and suggest on the possibility of its use in drug-herb combinations for managing biofilm-associated bacterial infections.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cell Line; Ciprofloxacin; Flavanones; Macrophages; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Utilizing a total synthesis approach, the first 8-heterocyclyltetracyclines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against panels of tetracycline- and multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Several compounds with balanced, highly potent in vitro activity against a broad range of bacterial isolates were identified through structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies. One compound demonstrated the best antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo for tetracyclines reported to date.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Halogenation; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyrrolidinones; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines

Hydraphiles are synthetic amphiphiles that form ion-conducting pores in liposomal membranes. These pores exhibit open-close behavior when studied by planar bilayer conductance techniques. In previous work, we showed that when co-administered with various antibiotics to the DH5α strain of Escherichia coli, they enhanced the drug's potency. We report here potency enhancements at low concentrations of hydraphiles for the structurally and mechanistically unrelated antibiotics erythromycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline against Gram negative E. coli (DH5α and K-12) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Gram positive Bacillus subtilis. Earlier work suggested that potency increases correlated to ion transport function. The data presented here comport with the function of hydraphiles to enhance membrane permeability in addition to, or instead of, their known function as ion conductors.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Permeability; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rifampin; Surface-Active Agents; Tetracycline

A series of novel hexacyclic tetracycline analogues ("hexacyclines") was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinically important bacteria isolates, including multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens. Valuable structure-activity relationships were identified, and several hexacyclines displayed potent, broad spectrum antibacterial activity, including promising anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity in vitro and in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Design; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracyclines; Thigh

Glutathione (GSH) plays important roles in pulmonary diseases, and inhaled GSH therapy has been used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in clinical trials. The results in this report revealed that GSH altered the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to different antibiotics through pathways unrelated to the oxidative stress as generally perceived. In addition, GSH and its oxidized form inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Glutathione Synthase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tetracycline

The in vitro activities of 10 families of antimicrobial agents alone and in combination with a synthetic polycationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI), against a resistant clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by MIC assays, checkerboard testing, and killing curve studies. At a concentration of 250 nM, PEI (10 kDa) was not directly bactericidal or bacteriostatic; but when it was used in combination with novobiocin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, rifampin, or norfloxacin, it significantly reduced the MICs of these antibiotics by 1.5- to 56-fold. However, the MICs of aminoglycosides, polymyxins, and vancomycins were increased by 1.2- to 5-fold when these drugs were combined with PEI; and the MICs of tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were not affected when these drugs were combined with PEI. In the killing curve studies, combinations of PEI with novobiocin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, or rifampin resulted in 5- to 8-log(10) CFU/ml reductions in bacterial counts when 25% of the MIC of each antibiotic was used. These results indicate that infections due to resistant Pseudomonas strains could be treated by the use of a synergistic combination of PEI and antimicrobial drugs.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Ceftazidime; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Novobiocin; Ofloxacin; Piperacillin; Polyethyleneimine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rifampin; Ticarcillin; Tobramycin

Macrolide antibiotics modulate the quorum-sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested the effect of macrolide antibiotics on the cell density-dependent expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and found that 1.0 mug/ml (MIC/6.25) of azithromycin suppressed the expression of MexAB-OprM by about 70%, with the result that the cells became two- to fourfold more susceptible to antibiotics such as aztreonam, tetracycline, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, and novobiocin.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Down-Regulation; Humans; Macrolides; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Quorum Sensing

We studied the mechanisms and dynamics of the development of resistance to ceftazidime (CAZ) alone or combined with tobramycin (TOB) or ciprofloxacin (CIP) in vitro and in vivo (using a mouse model of lung infection with human antibiotic regimens). Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 and its hypermutable derivative PAODeltamutS were used, and the results were compared with those previously obtained with CIP, TOB, and CIP plus TOB (CIP-TOB) under the same conditions. An important (200-fold) amplification of the number of resistant mutant cells was documented for PAODeltamutS-infected mice that were under CAZ treatment compared to the number for mice that received placebo, whereas the median number of resistant mutant cells was below the detection limits for mice infected by PAO1. These results were intermediate between the high amplification with CIP (50,000-fold) and the low amplification with TOB (10-fold). All CAZ-resistant single mutant cells selected in vitro or in vivo hyperproduced AmpC. On the other hand, the three combinations studied were found to be highly effective in the prevention of in vivo resistance development in mice infected with PAODeltamutS, although the highest therapeutic efficacy (in terms of mortality and total bacterial load reduction) compared to those of the individual regimens was obtained with CIP-TOB and the lowest was with CAZ-CIP. Nevertheless, mutant cells that were resistant to the three combinations tested were readily selected in vitro for PAODeltamutS (mutation rates from 1.2 x 10(-9) to 5.8 x 10(-11)) but not for PAO1, highlighting the potential risk for antimicrobial resistance development associated with the presence of hypermutable strains, even when combined therapy was used. All five independent CAZ-TOB-resistant PAODeltamutS double mutants studied presented the same resistance mechanism (AmpC hyperproduction plus an aminoglycoside resistance mechanism not related to MexXY), whereas four different combinations of resistance mechanisms were documented for the five CAZ-CIP-resistant double mutants.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tobramycin

Two different PCR-based molecular approaches, a commercial kit for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, B. forsythus and T. denticola (Amplimedical "Paradonthosis") and a home-made multiplex PCR for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were compared for monitoring the efficacy of different dental treatments on localized persistent periodontal pockets. 44 sites were randomized in two treatment groups: mechanical treatment (22 control sites) and in conjunction with the application of tetracycline fibres (22 experimental sites). 40/44 sites were found positive with both tests for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus pretheraphy. P. intermedia was detected alone in only three sites during the follow-up, while T. denticola. was always associated with the other pathogens. 20 sites were positive in conventional cultures for one to three of the pathogens. PCR-based approaches provided a sensitive and reliable method for identification and monitoring treatment of periodontal pathogens.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Tetracycline has anticollagenase activity in human and animal tissues. Recent evidence shows collagenase to be instrumental in the progression of infectious and noninfectious corneal ulceration. We investigated the effect of systemic tetracycline on the incidence of corneal perforation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ulcerative keratitis in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were assigned randomly to two groups in a masked fashion. All corneas were inoculated with 10(6) P. aeruginosa organisms. Ten rabbits (20 eyes) received intramuscular tetracycline 50mg/kg/day in a saline vehicle (treatment group), and ten rabbits (20 eyes) received saline alone (control group) for ten days. The incidence of corneal perforation in the treatment group (45%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (80%, P less than .02). This appeared to be independent of any antimicrobial effect from tetracycline. Administration of tetracycline may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of P. aeruginosa corneal ulcers.

Topics: Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; Corneal Ulcer; Double-Blind Method; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Tetracycline; Time Factors

A novel bacterium, Protomonas extorquens was isolated from sputum, pleural effusion and ascitis in four cases of pulmonary infection by buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (B-CYE) which was generally used for Legionella spp. Three cases were so-called immunocompromised hosts (2 malignant diseases, 1 renal failure), and they died from underlying diseases. Protomonas extorquens was newly named by Komagata in 1984, which was characterized by production of pink pigment, growth in methanol medium and positive production of oxidase and catalase. This organism is ordinarily isolated from soil and dead leaves. This is the first report for isolation of P. extorquens from clinical specimens in Japan and it seems to have a significant role in immunocompromised hosts.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Catalase; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Methanol; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Pigments, Biological; Pneumonia; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Pseudomonas alcaligenes is a common soil and water inhabitant that has rarely been proven a human pathogen. We describe a fatal case of Pseudomonas alcaligenes endocarditis. The need for accurate identification of unusual organisms isolated in a clinical setting are discussed.

Topics: Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Oral treatment with tetracycline resulted in bacteriologic cure in 23 of 25 (92%) dogs with urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All 25 of the isolates of Pseudomonas spp were susceptible to in vitro concentrations of tetracycline (less than or equal to 64 microgram/ml), well below the mean urine concentrations attained in the urine of clinically normal dogs given standard oral doses of tetracycline.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Mice were infected wtih a mixed culture of pathogenic Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The doses of sodium nucleinate were titrated. When used for prophylactic and treatment-prophylactic purposes, these doses did not change the antiinfection resistance of the animals. The doses of tetracycline and lincomycin combination (lincotetrin) having no therapeutic effect on repeated use of the combination were also chosen. It was shown that the combined use of the antibiotics and sodium nucleinate in the above doses promoted a significant increase in the animal survival rate while the drugs used alone did not promote any increase in the survival of the mice. The decrease in the death rate of the animals was observed both with the parenteral and the oral use of sodium nucleinate.

Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Lincomycin; Mice; Nucleic Acids; Placebos; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Plasmid R91a of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 9169 is homologous with RP1. Plasmid R91 carried by the same strain is related in the Tn1 region but is otherwise unrelated to R91a.

Topics: Carbenicillin; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Circular; Genes; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; R Factors; Tetracycline

In vitro efficacy of combinations of broad and narrow spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins, broad spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins with macrolides or aminoglycosides and tetracyclines with other biosynthetic antibiotics was studied with respect to the causative agents of surgical infections. Correlation between the sensitivity of the isolates and the antibiotics levels in the organism of the surgical patients was shown. The role of the etiological factor in the development of the post-operative complications in the patients after surgical operations on the heart was elucidated. The most rational schemes of the antibiotic use in therapy of the patients with purulent complications after operations on the open heart were developed and the maximum doses of different semi-synthetic penicillins for the treatment of patients with purulent processes after operations under conditions of artificial blood circulation were determined.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Heart Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Oleandomycin; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Of eight patients with Gram-negative bacillary sternoarticular pyoarthrosis, seven were long-term intravenous heroin abusers. Clinical onset was insidious and a long delay (one month or more) in seeking hospitalization was usually noted. Anterior chest discomfort and painful, restricted homolateral shoulder motion were the chief complaints. Fever and monoarticular arthritis were universally present, Open synovial biopsy examination was frequently required for etiologic diagnosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated. Roentgenographic evidence of associated osteomyelitis was usually seen, but tomography was often necessary to delineate this lesion. Intraoperatively, associated osteomyelitis of the clavicular head and/or sternum was present in all eight cases and a perisynovial and/or retrosternal abscess was found in five patients. Early surgical exploration and prolonged antimicrobial therapy yielded excellent results.

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Carbenicillin; Drainage; Female; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Ribs; Sternoclavicular Joint; Sternocostal Joints; Synovial Fluid; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray

Fifty-six patients with uncomplicated urinary infections were treated with a five-day course of antimicrobials. Fifty-four patients had sterile urine two weeks after termination of the drugs. Over a two-year period 8 patients were found to become reinfected.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

The therapeutic potencies of colistin methanesulfonate (CLM) was assessed quantitatively in acute infection of mice with clinically isolated strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effect of different routes of administration was compared. There was no detectable difference in the therapeutic effect of CLM when intramuscular (im) or intravenous (iv) administration was initiated one hour after the infection. On the other hand, a significant difference in ED50 given by im and iv administrations was observed, indicating the superiority of iv administration, when the treatment started 4 to approximately hours after the infection. No difference in the therapeutic effect of polymyxin B (PMB) and tetracycline (TC) administered via either im or iv route was found even in the delayed administration. In contrast to PMB and TC, lower toxicity of CLM was determined when it was administered iv rather than im.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mesylates; Mice; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Although the serum bactericidal test is commonly used in the management of infective endocarditis, little has been written about its validity or limitations. We report three cases of gram-negative bacillary endocarditis (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio fetus and Serratia marcescens) encountered in 1 year at a Veterans Administration hospital. Serum bactericidal titers were considered necessary to identify inadequate antibiotic regimens or to avoid unnecessary drug toxicity. The limitations of the test, particularly those pertaining to gram-negative infections, are reviewed. Misleading results during treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics could be due to the tendency of serum to become alkaline on standing. A detailed study of the interaction of the complement-dependent bactericidal system of serum with eight antibiotics is presented. In the context of the serum bactericidal test, the interaction was additive or synergistic in 15 of 16 determinations, indicating the need to include a control study of serum sensitivity of the infecting microorganism in each case.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Campylobacter fetus; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Serratia marcescens; Tetracycline; Vibrio Infections

Hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other bacterial pathogens are frequently treated with parenteral antibiotics such as gentamicin. Many of these organisms are shown by Kirby-Bauer disk sensitivity testing to be resistant to tetracycline. One hundred seventy-one such tetracycline-resistant bacterial isolates were studied; 84% were found to be sensitive to achievable urinary concentrations of tetracycline. Two patients with long-standing chronic urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas were treated with tetracycline for a year and a half with excellent results. In a pilot clinical trial, eight of 12 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were treated successfully with tetracycline without regard to disk sensitivity data. Institution of tetracycline as soon as the microscopic diagnosis of urinary tract infection is made might be an acceptable empiric approach to the treatment of urinary infection in hospitalized patients who do not show evidence of sepsis.

Topics: Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Aged; Autopsy; Carbenicillin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Diseases; Clindamycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lincomycin; Moscow; Orthopedics; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Penicillin G; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfonamides; Syndrome; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Blood; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Nitrofurantoin; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Burns; Disease Models, Animal; Edetic Acid; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Cephalosporins; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Germany, West; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Orthopedics; Osteomyelitis; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Military Medicine; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sulfisoxazole; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Air Microbiology; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Operating Rooms; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Quebec; Sepsis; Serotyping; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Amino Sugars; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Candidiasis; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Cryptococcosis; Drug Synergism; Flucytosine; Glycosides; Gonorrhea; Humans; Meningococcal Infections; Minocycline; Pseudomonas Infections; Spectinomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Military Medicine; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; United States; Vietnam

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bites and Stings; Bone Regeneration; Carbenicillin; Child; Dogs; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Humerus; Methicillin; Osteomyelitis; Pseudomonas Infections; Radiography; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies; Carbenicillin; Cell Membrane; Colistin; Complement System Proteins; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Receptors, Drug; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Klebsiella Infections; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation; Vancomycin; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cloxacillin; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Lincomycin; Male; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Alanine Transaminase; Ampicillin; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Cell Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Colistin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Synergism; Gentamicins; Humans; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sputum; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Animals; Arteriovenous Anastomosis; Blood Pressure; Capillary Permeability; Cardiac Output; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline; Venous Pressure

Topics: Animals; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Disease Models, Animal; Gentamicins; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Penicillins; Phagocytosis; Plasma Substitutes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Shock, Traumatic; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetracycline

Topics: Bronchial Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Lung Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas Infections; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Bacteriological Techniques; Biopsy; Brain Abscess; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Hemiplegia; Humans; Isoniazid; Joint Diseases; Lung Diseases; Male; Meningitis; Nocardia Infections; Polymyxins; Prednisone; Pseudomonas Infections; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases; Sporotrichosis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Chloramphenicol; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Depression, Chemical; Mice; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Air Microbiology; Ampicillin; Ascitic Fluid; Bacteriocins; Benzalkonium Compounds; Catheterization; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cross Infection; Ethylene Oxide; Filtration; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lysogeny; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Peritoneal Dialysis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Renal Dialysis; Sterilization; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Ultraviolet Rays; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Melioidosis; Mice; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Rifampin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Culture Techniques; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Framycetin; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Nails; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Tetracycline; Warts

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cross Infection; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Epidemiologic Methods; Escherichia coli; Housekeeping, Hospital; Humans; Kanamycin; Methods; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteriuria; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Female; Furans; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Leucomycins; Male; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacteria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Drug Antagonism; Drug Incompatibility; Humans; Infections; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfonamides; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Baths; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Otitis Externa; Otitis Media; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Steroids; Sweden; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Surgery, Oral; Tetracycline

Topics: Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Chloramphenicol; Diabetes Complications; Escherichia coli Infections; Gangrene; Humans; Leg; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Novobiocin; Pseudomonas Infections; Skin Transplantation; Sulfacetamide; Tetracycline; Transplantation, Autologous

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Statistics as Topic; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Drainage; Drug Therapy; Escherichia coli Infections; Hip Joint; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Radiography; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; In Vitro Techniques; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Testosterone; Tetracycline

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Spinal Dysraphism; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cornea; Corneal Transplantation; Debridement; Diathermy; Eye Burns; Eye Injuries; Geriatrics; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Iontophoresis; Lidocaine; Ophthalmology; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation; Ulcer

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Kanamycin; Pharmacology; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Research; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile Ducts; Chloramphenicol; Emetine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Paraplegia; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Pressure Ulcer; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Pyoderma; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Burns; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Shigella; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterobacteriaceae; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Kanamycin; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cataract Extraction; Chloramphenicol; Endophthalmitis; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Oxacillin; Postoperative Complications; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Vancomycin

Topics: Aging; Angiotensins; Bacteremia; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Kanamycin; Metaraminol; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Proteus; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sex; Streptomycin; Sympatholytics; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Biomedical Research; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Neomycin; Otitis Externa; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Amphotericin B; Child; Diphtheria; Enterovirus Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Otolaryngology; Phosphates; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Humans; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyelonephritis; Streptomycin; Sulfamethizole; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Child; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Hospitals; Humans; India; Infant; Micrococcus; Nose; Orthopedics; Penicillins; Pharynx; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Meningitis; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Siblings; Streptomycin; Tetracycline