tetracycline and Pneumonia--Pneumocystis

Topics: Amebiasis; Animals; Antibodies; Babesiosis; Chloroquine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Giardiasis; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Malaria; Mefloquine; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Primaquine; Protozoan Infections; Pyrimethamine; Quinine; Quinolines; Serologic Tests; Sulfadoxine; Tetracycline; Toxoplasmosis; Trypanosomiasis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminosalicylic Acids; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythromycin; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Herpesviridae Infections; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Pneumonia, Viral; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Tests; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Persistent air leak and failure of the lung to expand completely after closed thoracostomy complicate the course of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with AIDS. In such cases, attempts to discontinue chest tube drainage may fail. The following is a case of a patient with AIDS and spontaneous pneumothorax who responded to chemical pleurodesis with tetracycline.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Pleurodesis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumothorax; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Bronchial Fistula; Chest Tubes; Doxycycline; Humans; Male; Pleura; Pleural Diseases; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Tetracycline

Spontaneous pneumothorax is occurring in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii infection with increasing frequency. These patients are typically poor surgical candidates. Conservative management using tetracycline sclerosis was performed with good results in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and recurrent pneumothorax.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Chest Tubes; Humans; Instillation, Drug; Male; Pleura; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumothorax; Sclerotherapy; Tetracycline

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Bleomycin; Female; Humans; Intubation; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumothorax; Sclerotherapy; Tetracycline

Daily administration of 1 mg of folinic acid to immunosuppressed rats with incipient or established Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia did not impair the capacity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to either prevent or treat this disease. These observations constitute the first experimental support for the use of folinic acid to prevent or control cytopenias that occur in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who are under trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment.

Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Immunosuppression Therapy; Leucovorin; Leukopenia; Male; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Components of the immunosuppressive regimen used to reactivate latent Pneumocystis carinii infection were analyzed for their effects on the growth, nutrition, and lymphoid system of hosts. Rats that were administered either tetracycline or a low-protein (8%) diet alone for 7 weeks developed few abnormalities, but animals on the combined regimen developed lower body and lymphoid organ weights, lower serum albumin levels, and fewer circulating lymphocytes. Rats that were administered corticosteroids and tetracycline experienced severe wasting, debilitation, and generalized lymphocyte depletion; the low-protein diet increased the magnitude of these changes. Alterations in the frequency of occurrence of specific lymphocyte subsets occurred only in rats given corticosteroids and consisted mainly of a greater decline in peripheral blood T helper cells than in T suppressor cells. The data suggest that long-term tetracycline administration and a low-protein diet have a variety of adverse effects on the host which enhance the immunosuppressive properties of corticosteroids.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Body Weight; Male; Organ Size; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Spleen; Tetracycline; Thymus Gland

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%) protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. The rats were sacrificed at weekly intervals, and their lungs were examined by electron microscopy. For the first 6 weeks, few alterations were noted in host pulmonary tissue, except a close attachment of P. carinii trophozoites to the type I pneumocytes. At 7 to 8 weeks, when the infection reached the peak intensity on light microscopy, degenerative changes occurred in the type I pneumocyte, beginning with subepithelial bleb formation and followed by denudation of the basement membrane. This denuded surface appeared to be the site both of exudation of serum and tissue fluid into the alveolar space and of spread of P. carinii into the interstitium. There was hypertrophy of type II pneumocytes, which also occurred in uninfected control rats ingesting tetracyclines. With tapering of the corticosteroid dose, P. carinii was slowly cleared from the lungs, but latent infection persisted for at least 21 weeks. The host response to the corticosteroid dose tapering included increased prominence of alveolar macrophages and progressive interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Thus, P. carinii interacts with, and is associated with damage to, specific host cells. This interaction is important in the host-parasite relationship in this infection.

Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cortisone; Histocytochemistry; Lung; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Tetracycline; Time Factors

A combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was effective in the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in cortisonetreated rats. Although all of 15 untreated rats died with P. carinii pneumonitis, none of 15 given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylactically acquired the infection. After P. carinii pneumonitis was established, 9 of 14 rats recovered after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with only 2 of 14 treated with pentamidine isethionate. Rifampin and clindamycin, separately or in combination with pentamidine, were ineffective in the prevention and treatment of P. carinii infection.

Topics: Alkanesulfonates; Amidines; Animals; Clindamycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Phenyl Ethers; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Amidines; Bone Marrow Examination; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Eosinophilia; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunotherapy; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Neutropenia; Pedigree; Pharynx; Phenyl Ethers; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Streptococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Air Microbiology; Animals; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Germ-Free Life; Lung; Male; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Cortisone; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Influenza, Human; Penicillins; Plasma Cells; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Rickettsial; Pneumonia, Viral; Psittacosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Q Fever; Streptomycin; Tetracycline