tetracycline and Plague

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Gentamicins; Humans; Plague; Prognosis; Serologic Tests; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Cat-Scratch Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Fever; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Indians, North American; Insect Vectors; Leukemia; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Middle Aged; New Mexico; Phagocytosis; Plague; Rodentia; Sciuridae; Siphonaptera; Streptomycin; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Tularemia; Yersinia pestis

Laboratory and field studies were conducted between July and October 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or alfalfa, 5% molasses and 4% salt. Based on the results of these trials we selected a bait containing alfalfa, 7% molasses, and 1% salt for field trials to determine bait acceptance rates by free-ranging animals. The biomarkers DuPont Blue dye, iophenoxic acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were orally administered to captive prairie dogs to determine their efficacy. Only tetracycline proved effective as a biomarker. Two field trials were conducted at separate prairie dog colonies located at the Buffalo Gap National Grassland (Pennington County, South Dakota, USA). In Trial 1, three baits containing tetracycline were distributed around each active burrow entrance and an additional bait was placed inside the burrow (1,276 baits total). In Trial 2, baits were distributed at the same density per burrow as Trial 1, but along transects spaced 10 m apart (1,744 baits total). Trapping began 3 days after bait distribution, and 30 prairie dogs then were captured at each site to determine the percentage of animals marked. In Trial 1, 67% of the prairie dogs captured had tetracycline deposits indicative of bait consumption. In Trial 2, 83% of the prairie dogs had ingested a bait. Approximately 15% of the animals in both trials ate more than one bait. Fleas (Opisocrostis hirsutus) were found on 64 of 70 (91%) of the prairie dogs captured during this study.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomarkers; Female; Male; Microspheres; Plague; Plague Vaccine; Sciuridae; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Vaccination

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; India; Male; Military Personnel; Pest Control; Plague; Primary Prevention; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; India; Male; Plague; Premedication; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Three cases of plague, all with pneumonic involvement, occurred in a small village in northwestern Zambia. Initial recognition of the diagnosis was delayed, but the outbreak was terminated by rapid intervention with insecticides and with the use of chemoprophylaxis for individuals with high-risk exposures to case-patients.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Insect Control; Male; Plague; Rats; Sulfamethazine; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis; Zambia

Successful treatment of plaque depends on early diagnosis, institution of effective antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or gentamicin) and adequate supportive care. To reduce mortality, therapy should be started in patients suspected of having plague while diagnostic procedures are under way. If persons with acute febrile illness (especially regional lymphadenitis) have been in plague-endemic areas within the week preceding the onset of illness, the diagnosis of plague should be considered.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Gentamicins; Humans; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Animals; California; Cats; Child; Female; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Plague; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Veterinary Medicine; Zoonoses

Topics: Adult; Animals; Cats; Child; Female; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Plague; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Veterinary Medicine; Zoonoses

The large reservoir of animal plague in the American West led to 121 cases of human plague from 1970 to 1980. The majority (55%) of recent cases have occurred in children 16 years of age and younger. In New Mexico 38 pediatric plague cases were reviewed to determine the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory feature of this disease. Thirty-one patients (82%) had bubonic plague and seven (18%) had primary septicemic disease. Primary septicemic plague had a significantly higher case-fatality ratio (71% vs 3%; P = .0002) and an increased risk of plague pneumonia (57% vs 6%; P = .01) compared with bubonic disease. Symptoms at onset, physical examination, and laboratory data at hospitalization (mean of three days after onset) were consistent with an acute, systemic febrile illness. Recovery from plague was slow, requiring an average of 5.9 days from initiation of effective antibiotics until fever lysis. Only a minority of plague patients were initially suspected to have plague, even by the time of hospitalization. Whereas clinical evidence, particularly in bubonic disease, should suggest plague, residing in or visiting a rural are of the West (especially from June through September) during the week prior to illness may be the only useful epidemiologic clue for the majority of patients who lack a history suggestive of exposure to animals or fleas. The importance of pediatric plague stems from the recent increase in cases, the significant increase in the proportion of all cases occurring in children, the public health implications of plague pneumonia (16% of cases), and the demonstrated potential for plague patients to travel to areas of the country unfamiliar with the disease and its sylvatic home in the American West.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Male; New Mexico; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Plague is endemic in the western United States, but patients may present with plague anywhere in the country. Although human infections are rare, a missed diagnosis carries a mortality rate exceeding 50%, whereas prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment reduce the case fatality rate to less than 5%. We present the case of a 55-year-old man treated for plague and review the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of plague.

Topics: Carrier State; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Isolation; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; United States

Bubonic plague is an acute, systemic infection. When it occurs in pregnancy, it creates difficult management decisions. A case is presented with a review of the literature that highlights this illness.

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Plague; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

The effect of various antibiotics, such as streptomycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and levomycetin on the plague bacteria (strain Y. pestis EV) located inside the cells was studied. Peritoneal macrophages of albino mice with aceptic inflammation of the abdominal cavity caused by intraperitoneal administration of 2 ml of sterile meat-peptone broth were used in the experiments. The ratio of the macrophages and microbes was 1 : 50. A part of the mice were treated with prodigiozan 24 hours before taking the exudate. The preparations of the macrophages of albino mice with the microbes absorbed by them served as the control. The effect of the antibiotics and their combinations with prodigiozan was stimated by the coefficient of multiplication suppression against the control. The observations were made in dynamics. The studies showed that the macrophage activity of the mice treated with prodigiozan after exposure to the antibiotics was reliably higher than that in the control and digestion of the microbes located inside the cells started earlier, providing more complete phagocytosis.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; In Vitro Techniques; Macrophages; Mice; Penicillin G; Plague; Prodigiosin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

The advantage of the combined use of prodigiozan and tetracycline was observed in tissue culture of peritoneal macrophages of albino mice. Earlier digestion of the intracellular Y. pestis EV by the animal macrophages exposed to prodigiozan and treated with tetracycline was noted. It was shown that the macrophages preserved during several hours of cultivation in vitro their properties acquired in the animal organism under the effect of the substances administered.

Topics: Animals; Culture Techniques; Drug Combinations; Macrophages; Mice; Phagocytosis; Plague; Prodigiosin; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Drainage; Humans; Infant; Plague; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vietnam

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Oxytetracycline; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biopsy; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Tests; Child; Chloramphenicol; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Plague; Skin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vietnam

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Folklore; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Plague; Streptomycin; Sulfates; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis; Zoonoses

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Child; Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Insect Vectors; Male; New Mexico; Plague; Rodentia; Siphonaptera; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitoxins; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Depression, Chemical; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Kanamycin; Mice; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Toxins, Biological; Viomycin; Virulence; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Adult; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Humans; Immunization; Lymphadenitis; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Middle Aged; Military Medicine; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; United States; Vietnam

Topics: Animals; Chloramphenicol; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Geography; Humans; Immunization; Insect Vectors; Male; Military Medicine; Plague; Rats; Siphonaptera; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vietnam

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Disease Control; Culture Techniques; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Military Medicine; Plague; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vietnam; Virulence; Virus Cultivation; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Oleandomycin; Plague; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Yersinia pestis

Topics: Africa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; California; Humans; Immunization; Plague; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline; Vaccination