tetracycline and Obesity

Topics: Adolescent; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Infant; Male; Obesity; Papilledema; Prognosis; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Tetracycline; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

A consecutive series of 320 patients undergoing operations on the colon and rectum, under the care of one surgeon, was studied to determine the influence of oral antibacterial preparation of the intestine on the incidence of postoperative wound sepsis. Thirty patients were excluded from the analysis, and the rates of major wound sepsis in the remaining 290 patients were 21.7 per cent when no antibacterial preparation was used; 18.6 per cent when the intestine was prepared with phthalylsulfathiazole and neomycin, and 1.6 per cent when the intestine was prepared with phthalysulfathiazole, neomycin and tetracycline. Other important determinants of the rate of wound sepsis were obesity and the use of cephaloridine prophylaxis. Results of bacteriologic studies showed the effectiveness of triple antimicrobial preparation of intestine against gram-negative aerobes and Bacteriodes species.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cephaloridine; Colon; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Neomycin; Obesity; Preoperative Care; Rectum; Sulfathiazoles; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Circadian Rhythm; Drosophila melanogaster; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Glucose; Heterocyclic Compounds; Insulins; Lactates; Male; Obesity; Tetracycline

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) rarely affects pediatric patients. The literature on pediatric HS patients is scarce. This is a cross-sectional study based on case note review or interviews and clinical examination of 140 pediatric patients undergoing secondary or tertiary level care. Patients were predominantly female (75.5%, n = 105) with a median age of 16. 39% reported 1st-degree relative with HS. Median BMI percentile was 88, and 11% were smokers (n = 15). Median modified Sartorius score was 8.5. Notable comorbidities found were acne (32.8%, n = 45), hirsutism (19.3%, n = 27), and pilonidal cysts (16.4%, n = 23). Resorcinol (n = 27) and clindamycin (n = 25) were the most frequently used topical treatments. Patients were treated with tetracycline (n = 32), or oral clindamycin and rifampicin in combination (n = 29). Surgical excision was performed in 18 patients, deroofing in five and incision in seven patients. Obesity seemed to be prominent in the pediatric population and correlated to parent BMI, suggesting a potential for preventive measures for the family. Disease management appeared to be similar to that of adult HS, bearing in mind that the younger the patient, the milder the disease in majority of cases.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Mass Index; Child; Clindamycin; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Hirsutism; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pilonidal Sinus; Resorcinols; Rifampin; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

Recent evidence suggests that antibiotic-induced changes in the composition of intestinal microflora, as well as the systemic immunoendocrine effects that result from them, can modulate myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tetracycline (TTC) on myocardial infarct size in the isolated hearts obtained from obese rats with chemically-induced colitis (CIC). The association between TTC-induced changes in infarct size and intestinal microbiome composition as well as plasma levels of cytokines and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also studied.. Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by feeding them a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for five weeks. A single rectal administration of 3% acetic acid (2 mL) to the rats resulted in CIC. Healthy rats as well as obese rats with CIC received TTC (15 mg daily for 3 days) via gavage. The rats were euthanized, after which isolated heart perfusion with simulated global ischemia and reperfusion was performed. Infarct size was determined histochemically. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine levels in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas SCFA levels in plasma were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.. The treatment with TTC resulted in significant infarct size limitation (50 ± 7 vs. 62 ± 4% for the control mice, p < 0.05) in the hearts from intact animals. However, infarct size was not different between the control rats and the obese rats with CIC. Furthermore, infarct size was significantly larger in TTC-treated obese rats with CIC than it was in the control animals (77 ± 5%, p < 0.05). The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and LPS in serum were elevated in the obese rats with CIC. Compared to the control rats, the rats with both obesity and CIC had lower counts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. but higher counts of Escherichia coli. The effects of TTC on infarct size were not associated with specific changes in SCFA levels.. TTC reduced infarct size in the healthy rats. However, this effect was reversed in the obese animals with CIC. Additionally, it was associated with specific changes in gut microbiota and significantly elevated levels of cytokines and LPS.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Function Tests; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Obesity; Rats; Tetracycline

Topics: Acetazolamide; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Body Mass Index; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Lithium Compounds; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Male; Obesity; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors; Steroids; Tetracycline; Tinnitus; Vision Disorders; Vitamin A; Vitamins; Weight Loss

Administration of antibiotics has been reported to prevent or minimize liver dysfunction in experimental animals having been subjected to jejunoileal bypass, suggesting that jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction results from production of toxic substances by bacteria in the defunctionalized bowel. However, improved absorption will also prevent bypass-induced liver injury. We studied the effects of tetracycline on the development of bypass-induced liver dysfunction and compared it to the mucosal adaptation of the intact bowel after bypass. After 6 weeks, rats subjected to bypass but not given antibiotics had decreased levels of serum triglycerides, hepatic cytochrome P-450, and hepatic pentobarbital hydroxylase. Evaluation of intestinal mucosal hyperplasia after bypass indicated that animals given antibiotics after bypass developed greater increases in mucosal DNA content, mucosal protein, and mucosal weight than bypassed animals not receiving antibiotics. We speculate that the beneficial effects of antibiotic administration on liver function after bypass may be a result of improved absorption.

Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Ileum; Jejunum; Liver Diseases; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Obesity; Pentobarbital; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline; Triglycerides

Six patients subjected to jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for obesity were studied for vitamin B12 absorption by the use of the Schilling test, together with measurement of the serum B12 level preoperatively and at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the operation. During the follow-up period of 2 years, the serum vitamin B12 level gradually declined to abnormally low values. A postoperative fall of the originally normal vitamin B12 absorption to abnormal values was found. Oral administration of tetracycline resulted in a transitory improvement of the results by the Schilling test, but after its discontinuation serve vitamin-B12 malabsorption was again demonstrable. The importance of parenteral vitamin B12 administration after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery is emphasized.

Topics: Humans; Ileum; Jejunum; Kinetics; Malabsorption Syndromes; Obesity; Postoperative Complications; Schilling Test; Short Bowel Syndrome; Tetracycline; Vitamin B 12

Quantitative histomorphometric analyses of iliac crest biopsy specimens were performed after tetracycline double-labeling in 41 normal individuals, 20 hyper- and 10 hypothyroid patients, 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 20 epileptic patients receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy, and 17 patients after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. The mineralization lag time in trabecular bone or the period of time between apposition and subsequent mineralization of osteoid was calculated from the bone formation rate at BMU level (Basic Multicellular Unit) and the mean width of osteoid seams. The mineralization lag time was 8-52 days (median 21 days) in normal individuals and showed no variation with sex or age. The mineralization lag time was shortened in hyperthyroidism, normal in anticonvulsant bone disease and in primary hyperparathyroidism, and markedly prolonged in hypothyroidism and following jejunoileal bypass. Among all individuals an inverse hyperbolic relation (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001) was found between the mineralization lag time and the average cellular activity of the osteoblasts.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Female; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Ileum; Ilium; Male; Middle Aged; Minerals; Obesity; Osteoblasts; Osteomalacia; Phenytoin; Postoperative Complications; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Two patients are described in whom arthritis following intestinal bypass surgery for obesity was associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes (CLC) and HLA B27. The arthritis was characteristically intermittent and controlled by low dose prednisone, indomethacin, and tetracycline therapy. The findings suggest that immune complexes play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis associated with condition, and that perhaps the association with HLA B27 may predispose to the development of this complication.

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis; Female; Histocompatibility Antigens; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Indomethacin; Intestine, Small; Male; Obesity; Prednisone; Radiography; Spondylitis; Tetracycline

Joint symptoms developed in six of 33 patients (18%) who had jejunoileostomy as treatment for intractable obesity. These consisted of single or recurrent attacks of polyarthritis or arthralgias, primarily in large joints. The histocompatibility antigen, HL-A B27, was not present in these patients. Most attacks responded to simple analgesic agents, but a trial of tetracycline in one patient failed to relieve joint symptoms. This arthropathy seems to differ from that which has been reported after jejunocolostomy.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Female; HLA Antigens; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestine, Small; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Phenylbutazone; Tetracycline

Steatosis of the liver is a harmless symptom of disturbed lipid metabolism but not a disease. The cause of the steatosis, and not the fat accumulation by itself, produces cirrhosis. There is no evidence so far in man that cirrhosis may be caused by nutritional deficiencies alone. Even cirrhosis after small bowel bypass procedures seems to be result from metabolic rather than nutritional disturbances.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alcoholism; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Blind Loop Syndrome; Diabetes Complications; Dogs; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Ileum; Jejunum; Kwashiorkor; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Cirrhosis; Malabsorption Syndromes; Obesity; Postoperative Complications; Protein Deficiency; Remission, Spontaneous; Tetracycline

Topics: Antibodies; Bacteriological Techniques; Bile Acids and Salts; Cells, Cultured; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Intrinsic Factor; Jejunum; Obesity; Schilling Test; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Duodenum; Escherichia coli; Female; Flatulence; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Ileostomy; Insulin; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Obesity; Postoperative Complications; Tetracycline; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

The effect of oral folic acid on jejunal glycolytic enzyme activity in five fasting obese patients and in three normal male volunteers on a constant 3000 cal diet was studied. The glycolytic enzymes, fructokinase, hexokinase, glucokinase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, and fructose diphosphate aldolase, and the disaccharidases, sucrase, maltase, and lactase were measured. In both the fasting patients and the normal volunteers, oral folic acid significantly increased the jejunal glycolytic enzyme activities but had no effect on disaccharidase activity. When oral folic acid was discontinued in the normal volunteers, the glycolytic enzyme activities returned to control values. In the obese patients, refeeding and folic acid caused a further increase in glycolytic enzyme activities above that seen with fasting and folic acid. In contrast to oral folic acid, intramuscular folic acid, oral vitamin B(12), and oral tetracycline had no effect on glycolytic enzyme activities. These studies demonstrate that oral folic acid which is neither a substrate nor a coenzyme of these enzymes, increases human jejunal glycolytic enzyme activity in a specific fashion. This would appear to be an action of oral folic acid which has not been recognized previously.

Topics: Adult; Diet; Fasting; Folic Acid; Fructose; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucokinase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hexokinase; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Jejunum; Kinetics; Lactose; Male; Maltose; Obesity; Phosphotransferases; Sucrase; Tetracycline; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Biomedical Research; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchitis; Bronchitis, Chronic; Congenital Abnormalities; Drainage; Edema; Humans; Obesity; Penicillin G; Physical Therapy Modalities; Posture; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Insufficiency; Tetracycline; Therapeutics; Tracheotomy