tetracycline and Nutrition-Disorders

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antipyrine; Biotransformation; Blood Proteins; Child; Chloramphenicol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Half-Life; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Protein Binding; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Birth Weight; Body Height; Body Weight; Brain; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cytomegalovirus Infections; DNA; DNA Replication; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Gestational Age; Growth; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Rats; RNA; Rubella; Tetracycline

A study of the predominant microflora in active sites of noma (cancrum oris) lesions was carried out in eight noma patients 3-15 years of age in Sokoto State in northwestern Nigeria. Paper point sampling and conventional anaerobic microbiologic techniques were used. Fusobacterium necrophorum was recovered from 87.5% of the noma lesions. Oral microorganisms included Prevotella intermedia, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Actinomyces spp. which were isolated from 75.0%, 50.0%, and 37.5% of the patients, respectively. Peptostreptococcus micros, Veillonella parvula, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas spp. were each recovered from one lesion. The F. necrophorum and P. intermedia isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity to clindamycin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and penicillin using the E-test, and all strains were observed to be sensitive to all of the antibiotics tested with the exception of one strain of P. intermedia, which showed resistance to penicillin. The first reported isolation from human noma lesions of F. necrophorum, a pathogen primarily associated with animal diseases, may have important etiologic and animal transmission implications.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Noma; Nutrition Disorders; Penicillins; Prevotella intermedia; Tetracycline

Chemical estimation of seven different marketed brands of tetracycline/Hcl capsules for tetracycline content showed six brands were not meeting the Indian pharmacopia 1985 prescribed standards. However, their dissolution rate and disintegration time were in accordance with United States pharmacopia 1985 specifications. One standard and one substandard brand of tetracycline were selected and their bioavailability, after single dose and plasma steady-state levels after multiple dosing in well nourished and undernourished subjects were determined. The bioavailability of substandard product as determined from 48 h urinary tetracycline excretion was significantly lower as compared to standard product both in well-nourished and undernourished subjects. The plasma steady-state concentrations with the substandard product were below the generally recommended minimum inhibitory concentrations, more so in undernourished subjects. These results indicate that the use of sub-standard tetracycline products in undernourished subjects may lead to therapeutic failures and/or result in the development of resistant microorganisms.

Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Bone Resorption; Gingival Pocket; Humans; Mouth; Nutrition Disorders; Periodontal Splints; Periodontitis; Tetracycline; Tooth Exfoliation

A 20-yr-old black male was admitted with a 5-month history of profound weight loss and diarrhea. Appetite and dietary intake had been remarkably well preserved up until the week before admission. The severity of his depletion was evidenced by a body weight of only 38% of standard, multiple electrolyte deficiencies, and reduced metabolic expenditure, protein turnover, protein synthesis, and pancreatic function. Immunological defects included diminished lymphocyte numbers, lymphocyte transformation, gamma-globulin concentration, and cell-mediated immunity. A diagnosis of alpha-heavy chain disease (alpha-HCD) was made on endoscopic duodenal biopsy and serology--lymphoma being excluded by scanning and laparotomy. Treatment consisted initially of intravenous nutrition (because of the extreme malnutrition, severe diarrhea, and malabsorption of fluid, electrolytes, carbohydrates, and fat) and oral tetracycline. Response was dramatic, with a doubling of body weight within 6 wk, and resolution of malabsorption. He was discharged on a normal diet and long-term oral tetracycline (250 mg/day), and at 1-yr follow-up, nutritional status and gut function were normal despite persistence of duodenal mucosal abnormalities and markers of alpha-HCD and bacterial overgrowth. These results suggest that the malabsorption initially identified in this patient was not due simply to the mucosal abnormalities that characterize alpha-HCD, but was more a consequence of the superimposition of nutrient maldigestion and absorption resulting from the extreme state of protein deficiency and its effects on gut and pancreatic function.

Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Tetracycline

Tetracycline absorption was studied in a group of normal healthy subjects and in adult male patients suffering from various nutritional disorders such as protein-calorie malnutrition, pellagra, anaemia, and vitamin B-complex deficiency. Tetracycline hydrochloride in doses of 10 mg/kg body weight was administered in a crossover design by oral and intravenous routes at an interval of one week. Absorption of tetracycline was determined from total 48-hour urinary excretion of the drug following each dose. It was observed that tetracycline absorption was significantly reduced in subjects with undernutrition and pellagra but not in patients with orolingual lesions due to vitamin B-complex deficiency and in patients with severe anaemia. Comparative studies on absorption of tetracycline, given in the form of capsule and solution, indicated that impaired absorption of tetracycline in undernourished subjects was not due to inadequate dissolution of the capsule.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Capsules; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Pellagra; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Solutions; Tetracycline; Vitamin B Deficiency

The pharmacokinetics of tetracycline were studied in eight normal healthy adult male volunteers and six undernourished adult males, ages 25-40 years, after an intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg body wt. The post-intravenous tetracycline time curve was found to decline in a biphasic manner in both well-nourished and undernourished subjects. However, significant differences were observed in alpha and beta phase with significant alterations in microscopic rate constants and apparent volume of distribution. The kinetic constants suggested a rapid distribution with a faster rate of transfer of drug between compartments followed by a significant increase in total body clearance in undernourished subjects. The apparent volume of distribution was significantly reduced. It is concluded that due to alterations in kinetics undernourished subjects may require altered dosage regimens to maintain tetracycline concentrations above the recommended minimum inhibitory concentration in both plasma/tissue for effective therapy.

Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline

An epidemic of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor occurred in 1977 on Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. No cholera epidemic had occurred there previously and special problems were encountered in both the diagnosis and clinical management. The clinical features of the 585 hospital admissions on Tarawa during the first 64 days of the epidemic were recorded. Eight hospital deaths occurred in this period. A marked increase in cholera among malnourished Gilbertese children was noted. Simplified regimes for management were devised for the circumstances including schemes for oral and intravenous rehydration. Coconut water was used extensively in oral rehydration. Paramedical personnel were used effectively during the epidemic. Prophylactic tetracycline was used in household contacts of patients and was effective in reducing subsequent illness.

Topics: Cholera; Dehydration; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Humans; Micronesia; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline; Vibrio cholerae

Probable bacterial contamination of the small bowel without an anatomical sump occurred in 5 elderly patients (age 68--94). They presented with severe general deterioration in health rather than with obvious features of malabsorption. This syndrome has not been clearly described before. Bacterial deconjugation of bile salts was indentified by the 14C-glycocholic-acid breath test. Investigations for other causes of malabsorption, including small-bowel biopsy and pancreatic scan, revealed no abnormality. After prolonged ill-health despite an adequate diet in hospital, all 5 subjects made a striking recovery after treatment with antibiotics. This condition may be quite common, particularly in malnourished elderly people.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Clindamycin; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Humans; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline

Relative bioavailability after oral administration of a single dose and Cmin levels of tetracycline in plasma after multiple doses were determined in groups of well-nourished and under-nourished subjects. The relative bioavailability of tetracycline, assessed by the area under serum concentration time-curves, did not differ in under-nourished and well-nourished patients. The plasma levels were not different in the two groups after the conventional dose of tetracycline HCL 250 mg at 6 hour intervals. However, in these studies under-nourished subjects received a higher dose per kg body weight, which could have compensated for any effect of a shortened half life of the drug. When the dose per kg body weight was reduced, the Cmin levels were lower. On the other hand, with the same dose per kg body weight at more frequent intervals, the plasma concentrations were similar to those in well-nourished subjects. These studies indicate that the dosage regimen should be based both on body weight and on the nutritional status of the individual.

Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Half-Life; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline

The plasma half life of tetracycline hydrochloride was determined in groups of well-nourished and undernourished subjects employing two dosage schedules and two routes of administration, namely oral and parenteral. Protein binding of the drug was estimated and relative volume distribution was calculated. The results indicated that in undernourished subjects, the half life of tetracycline hydrochloride, protein binding and relative volume distribution were all significantly low as compared to well-nourished subjects. The elimination rate was considerably higher in the undernourished groups, which accounted for the shorter half life. These data suggest that to maintain adequate serum concentrations of the drug in undernourished subjects, tetracycline needs to be given at more frequent intervals.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Nutrition Disorders; Serum Albumin; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Chloramphenicol; Chloroquine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Infections; Iron; Kwashiorkor; Malabsorption Syndromes; Nutrition Disorders; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Deficiency; Tetrachloroethylene; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adult; Albumins; Alkalosis; Amino Acids; Anorexia Nervosa; Arteries; Bicarbonates; Blood Proteins; Edema; Feces; Folic Acid; Haptoglobins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypokalemia; Iron; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Male; Muscles; Muscular Atrophy; Nitrogen; Nutrition Disorders; Potassium; Protein Binding; Psychotherapy; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Spleen; Tetracycline; Thinness; Time Factors; Urine; Veins; Vomiting

Topics: Adult; Celiac Disease; Chronic Disease; Diet Therapy; Duodenum; Escherichia coli; Fats; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nutrition Disorders; Protein Deficiency; Stomach; Tetracycline; Vitamin B 12; Xylose

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amblyopia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorpropamide; Glaucoma; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Optic Atrophy; Optic Nerve; Scotoma; Smoking; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Visual Fields; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport; Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Chlorides; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Secretions; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Potassium; Sodium; Tetracycline; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Anemia; Child; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Humans; Hypothermia; Infections; Kwashiorkor; Nutrition Disorders; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Blindness; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Furazolidone; Humans; India; Infant; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Tetracycline