tetracycline and Nervous-System-Diseases

Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Borrelia burgdorferi Group; Cefotaxime; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Examination; Tetracycline

Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Ceftriaxone; Drug Administration Schedule; Erythema; Humans; Lyme Disease; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Skin Diseases; Tetracycline

Whipple's disease is a systemic bacterial infection that once was uniformly fatal and now is treatable with several different antibiotics in most cases. The exact nature of the Whipple's bacillus is unknown, since the organism cannot consistently be cultured. There is also controversy concerning the role of immunologic dysfunction in patients with Whipple's disease. In addition to the small intestine, Whipple's disease can involve the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the lymph nodes, joints, nervous system, heart, eyes, hematopoietic system, lungs, liver, and other organs. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare but fascinating disease will be reviewed in this article.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Combinations; Eye Diseases; Heart Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Joint Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Skin Diseases; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Whipple Disease

Lyme disease has protean manifestations. The causative agent is Borrelia burgdorferi, a recently discovered spirochete. The disease has been found on three continents. The initial major clinical feature is a characteristic skin eruption known as erythema chronicum migrans. Subsequent main clinical manifestations are meningopolyneuritis and arthritis. However, clinical expressions of the disease vary widely. Some patients have very mild disease and others develop severe and prolonged illness. Specific laboratory tests for the detection of antibody to the organism are now available. The sensitivity of these tests approaches 100% when the sera are collected from patients having the later clinical manifestations. Penicillin and tetracycline are the therapeutic drugs of choice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arachnid Vectors; Arthritis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Australia; Blood Sedimentation; Borrelia; Borrelia Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Culture Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Reservoirs; Erythema; Europe; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Lyme Disease; Lymphopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Ticks; United States

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Encephalitis; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Whipple Disease

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hearing Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Diseases; Neomycin; Nervous System Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Serum Sickness; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vision Disorders

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anti-Infective Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Diabetes Complications; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemoglobinopathies; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Isoniazid; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Pharmacogenetics; Pregnancy; Tetracycline

We compared phenoxymethyl penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, in each instance 250 mg four times a day for 10 days, for the treatment of early Lyme disease (stage 1). None of 39 patients given tetracycline developed major late complications compared with 3 of 40 penicillin-treated patients and 4 of 29 given erythromycin (p = 0.07). However, with all three antibiotic agents, nearly half of patients had minor late symptoms. For neurologic abnormalities (stage 2), 12 patients were treated with high-dose intravenous penicillin, 20 million U a day for 10 days. Pain usually subsided during therapy, but a mean of 7 to 8 weeks was required for complete recovery of motor deficits. For the treatment of established arthritis (stage 3), 20 patients were assigned treatment with intramuscular benzathine penicillin (7.2 million U) and 20 patients received saline. Seven of the 20 penicillin-treated patients (35%) were apparently cured, but all 20 patients given placebo continued to have attacks of arthritis (P less than 0.02). Of 20 arthritis patients treated with intravenous penicillin G, 20 million U a day for 10 days, 11 (55%) were apparently cured. Thus, all 3 stages of Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotic therapy, but some patients with late disease may not respond.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Child; Erythromycin; Humans; Lyme Disease; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillin V; Random Allocation; Tetracycline

There is currently no effective treatment for neurological impairment caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has been reported that excessive iron production in the brain may be a key factor in neurological impairment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, against TBI-induced neurological impairment and explored its underlying mechanism. Neurological impairment was assessed by foot-fault test, cylinder test, wire hang test, and Morris water maze. Nissl staining was performed to evaluate cell viability in the brain. The iron concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and brain tissues were examined. The Fe

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Cation Transport Proteins; Cerebral Cortex; Chelating Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Ferritins; Hippocampus; Iron; Male; Maze Learning; Minocycline; Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Transferrin; Tetracycline

Microglia are the 'immune cells' of the brain and their activation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. Activated microglia produce high levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNFα, causing neurotoxicity. Here we show that vimentin played a key role in controlling microglia activation and neurotoxicity during cerebral ischemia. Deletion of vimentin expression significantly impaired microglia activation in response to LPS in vitro and transient focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. Reintroduction of the functional vimentin gene back into vimentin knockout microglia restored their response to LPS. More importantly, impairment of microglia activation significantly protected brain from cerebral ischemia-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate a previously unknown function of vimentin in controlling microglia activation.

Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Separation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophage Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microglia; Microscopy, Confocal; Nervous System Diseases; Plasmids; Reperfusion Injury; Tetracycline; Vimentin

We created the Flexible Accelerated STOP Tetracycline Operator (tetO)-knockin (FAST) system, an efficient method for manipulating gene expression in vivo to rapidly screen animal models of disease. A single gene targeting event yields two distinct knockin mice-STOP-tetO and tetO knockin-that permit generation of multiple strains with variable expression patterns: 1) knockout, 2) Cre-mediated rescue, 3) tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator (tTA)-mediated misexpression, 4) tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator (tTA)-mediated overexpression, and 5) tetracycline-controlled transcriptional silencer (tTS)-mediated conditional knockout/knockdown. Using the FAST system, multiple gain-of-function and loss-of-function strains can therefore be generated on a time scale not previously achievable. These strains can then be screened for clinically relevant abnormalities. We demonstrate the flexibility and broad applicability of the FAST system by targeting several genes encoding proteins implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders: Mlc1, neuroligin 3, the serotonin 1A receptor, and the serotonin 1B receptor.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Astrocytes; Bacterial Proteins; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Gene Silencing; Gene Transfer Techniques; Mental Disorders; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nervous System Diseases; RNA, Messenger; Tetracycline

Clinical, electrophysiological, and neuropathological features are reported associated with a novel heterozygote point mutation in the extracellular domain of the MPZ gene, where a transversion at codon 71 in exon 3 leads to a codon stop: Glu71stop (ie GAA-->TAA). A 36 year old woman developed a mild recurrent neuropathy after intensive manual work. The motor nerve conduction velocities were slow without conduction blocks and the nerve biopsy showed signs of demyelination-remyelination, axonal loss, and regular uncompacted myelin lamellae. She inherited the mutation from her father who displayed the same mutation with a normal phenotype. This nonsense mutation may cause a dosage difference of normal P0, and is probably underrepresented in the current mutation data bases. This report further extends the phenotype of MPZ mutations and also emphasises that mild phenotype of CMT1B may be more frequent than has been appreciated.

Topics: Adult; Codon, Nonsense; Female; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Neural Conduction; Pedigree; Recurrence; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Arthritis, Infectious; Ceftriaxone; Child; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Tetracycline

We describe the clinical courses of 5 patients with Lyme disease who developed significant late complications, despite receiving tetracycline early in the course of their illness. All 5 patients had been treated for erythema chronicum migrans with a course of tetracycline that met or exceeded current recommendations. The late manifestations of Lyme disease included arthritis, cranial nerve palsy, peripheral neuropathy, chronic fatigue, and changes in mental function. Our findings suggest that the use of tetracycline at a dosage of 250 mg, 4 times a day for 10 days, as a treatment for early Lyme disease should be reconsidered. To determine optimal therapy for early Lyme disease, a study that compares an increased dosage of tetracycline with alternative treatments is indicated.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Female; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Time Factors

We report on clinical and laboratory findings of 28 patients with tick-bite Borrelia burgdorferi-infection. In 5 cases chronic tertiary metaluetic manifestations were recognized. All were treated either with high-dose penicillin intravenously or tetracycline. Results of treatment and recommendations are given.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Animals; Bites and Stings; Borrelia Infections; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillin G; Tetracycline; Ticks

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) or ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in dogs on the basis of specific immunofluorescent testing for each disease. Comparisons between clinical and laboratory findings were made between the 2 diseases. The incidence of RMSF tended to be more seasonal and it affected younger dogs. Purebred dogs appeared to be more susceptible to both diseases. In general, RMSF had a more rapid and severe course of clinical illness than did ehrlichiosis, but acute ehrlichiosis was difficult to differentiate from RMSF. Both diseases were characterized by fever, depression, lymphadenopathy, and signs of neurologic dysfunction; petechial hemorrhages or other signs of hemorrhagic diathesis were evident only in a small proportion of cases. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were more common in dogs with ehrlichiosis, whereas those with RMSF more often had leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Hypoalbuminemia was found in dogs with both diseases, but those with ehrlichiosis usually had concurrent hyperglobulinemia. High serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum cholesterol concentration, and low serum calcium concentration were more common in dogs with RMSF than with ehrlichiosis. Rising serum titers or positive direct immunofluorescence for Rickettsia rickettsii in skin biopsy specimens were used to confirm RMSF, whereas a single serum titer for Ehrlichia canis enabled detection of ehrlichiosis. In the absence of neurologic deficits and when dogs were treated with tetracycline, dogs with RMSF made a more rapid and consistent recovery than did dogs with ehrlichiosis.

Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ehrlichia; Nervous System Diseases; Rickettsiaceae Infections; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Tetracycline

Four patients with Whipple's disease which had responded to antibiotic therapy, later developed neurologic disease identical to that seen in patients with Whipple's disease who died without treatment. Dementia, myoclonus, ataxia, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia were the main neurologic features. Restarting antibiotics has been followed by stabilization of disease in all four. Two have improved. In three, the previously diagnosed and treated Whipple's disease was not considered as a possible cause of the neurologic disease until the symptoms and signs were far advanced. It is advisable to periodically evaluate all patients with Whipple's disease, even after successful treatment. Signs of neurologic disease should be considered a possible recurrence of Whipple's disease and antibiotics restarted.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Whipple Disease

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; New York; Penicillins; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Rural Population; Seasons; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urban Population

Topics: Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biliary Tract Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Genotype; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Nervous System Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Biguanides; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cervical Rib; Humans; Nervous System; Nervous System Diseases; Ribs; Syndrome; Tetracycline