tetracycline and Mycobacterium-Infections

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Clostridium Infections; Corynebacterium; Drug Synergism; Enteritis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Infections; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycoses; Neomycin; Penicillins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vaginitis

This study investigated 339 cases of feline mycobacterial infection, with histopathology findings from 225 cases, and treatment and outcome information from 184 cases. Tissue samples from cats with cutaneous lesions or suspicious masses at exploratory laparotomy were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratories Agency for mycobacterial culture over a 4-year period to December 2008. The study reviewed the files for information about histopathology, treatment and outcome, and blindly reviewed histopathological changes (including staining for acid-fast bacteria [AFB]) in a sub-set of 45 cases. When a cat is suspected of having a mycobacterial infection, accurate identification of the species involved helps to determine possible treatment options and prognosis. The study confirmed that histopathology and the presence of AFB are useful tools in the recognition of mycobacterial infection. Unfortunately, they did little to help determine the species of mycobacteria involved. The study identified a group of cats that were negative for AFB at the primary laboratory, but from which mycobacteria could be cultured; commonly Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. The study also identified a group of cats which where culture negative, despite typical signs of mycobacterial infection and positive AFB staining. Many cases responded favourably to treatment (56% of the cases where information was available), and many cats gained complete remission (42%). However, relapses were common (64%) and often followed by pulmonary and/or systemic spread that may have resulted from treatment with short courses of single drugs. This study shows that the diagnosis and treatment of feline mycobacteriosis is complex and challenging.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Laboratories; Macrolides; Male; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetracycline; United Kingdom

We compared the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline (formerly GAR-936) with those of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline by broth microdilution against 76 isolates belonging to seven species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and 45 isolates belonging to five species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). By using a resistance breakpoint of >4 micro g/ml for tigecycline and >8 micro g/ml for tetracycline, all RGM were highly susceptible to tigecycline, with inhibition of 50% of isolates at < or =0.12 micro g/ml and inhibition of 90% of isolates at 0.25 micro g/ml for Mycobacterium abscessus and inhibition of both 50 and 90% of isolates at < or =0.12 micro g/ml for M. chelonae and the M. fortuitum group. The MICs of tigecycline were the same for tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains, and RGM isolates were 4- to 11-fold more susceptible to tigecycline than to the tetracyclines. In contrast, no slowly growing NTM were susceptible to tigecycline, and isolates of M. marinum and M. kansasii were less susceptible to this agent than to minocycline. This new antimicrobial offers exciting therapeutic potential for the RGM, especially for isolates of the M. chelonae-M. abscessus group, against which the activities of the currently available drugs are limited.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Doxycycline; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Tetracycline; Tigecycline

We describe four patients with Mycobacterium marinum infections who did not respond to two- to six-week courses of therapy with tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline. All four patients had prompt responses to therapy with either rifampin alone (two patients) or rifampin in combination with ethambutol. Results of antimicrobial sensitivity tests may be helpful in guiding therapy. Rifampin may be the drug of choice for treatment of these infections.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Rifampin; Tetracycline

Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium Infections; Tetracycline

Five cases of Mycobacterium marinum skin infections were successfully treated with 2 gm of tetracycline hydrochloride daily for periods from four to 12 weeks. In each case, the isolated M marinum was sensitive in vitro to tetracycline at levels from 25 to 50 microgram/ml. Tetracycline is recommended as treatment for extensive or sporotrichoid M marinum infections.

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Adult; Ethambutol; Granuloma; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Rifampin; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

The clinical records of 7 patients referred to the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center over a 6-year period for evaluation of an abnormal chest x-ray and repeated sputum isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Runyon's Group IV) were reviewed to determine the potential pathogenicity of these organisms. Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from 5 patients and Mycobacterium chelonei from 2. Haemoptysis, cough and weight loss were prominent in 6. Three had rheumatoid arthritis. Although two demonstrated cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was normal. PPD-F was not useful in skin testing or in the in vitro evaluation of lymphocyte function. Histologic examination of the lungs of 2 patients demonstrated caseating granulomata. One patient died of massive pulmonary haemorrhage soon after intiation of therapy. Multi-drug treatment regimens generally resulted in progressive sterilization of the sutum and improvement in the appearance of the chest x-ray. We conclude that some rapidly growing mycobacteria can cause potentially fatal cavitary lung disease and that intensive anti-tuberculosis therapy may successfully alter its course.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arm; Female; Fingers; Foot Dermatoses; Granuloma; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Skin Diseases; Tetracycline; Toes

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cycloserine; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethionamide; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Amputation, Surgical; Amputation, Traumatic; Arm Injuries; Drainage; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethionamide; Humans; Isoniazid; Kanamycin; Leg Injuries; Male; Military Medicine; Mycobacterium Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tuberculin Test; United States; Vietnam; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Agglutination; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections; Ohio; Pneumonia; Population Surveillance; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline