tetracycline and Mouth-Diseases

Tetracyclines (TCN) were introduced in 1948 as broad-spectrum antibiotics that may be used in the treatment of many common infections in children and adults. One of the side-effects of tetracyclines is incorporation into tissues that are calcifying at the time of their administration. They have the ability to chelate calcium ions and to be incorporated into teeth, cartilage and bone, resulting in discoloration of both the primary and permanent dentitions. This permanent discoloration varies from yellow or gray to brown depending on the dose or the type of the drug received in relation to body weight. Minocycline hydrochloride, a semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline often used for the treatment of acne, has been shown to cause pigmentation of a variety of tissues including skin, thyroid, nails, sclera, teeth, conjunctiva and bone. Adult-onset tooth discoloration following long-term ingestion of tetracycline and minocycline has also been reported. The remarkable side-effect of minocycline on the oral cavity is the singular occurrence of "black bones", "black or green roots" and blue-gray to gray hue darkening of the crowns of permanent teeth. The prevalence of tetracycline and minocycline staining is 3-6%. The mechanism of minocycline staining is still unknown. Most of the reviewed literature consisted of case reports; longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to provide more information on the prevalence, severity, etiology and clinical presentation of tetracycline and TCN-derivative staining in the adult population.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Minocycline; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoates; Child; Cosmetics; Dermatitis; Dermatologic Agents; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Male; Mite Infestations; Mouth Diseases; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Vitamins

An overview of infection as it applies to the oral and maxillofacial region has been provided. The following conclusions are drawn: odontogenic infections are caused by microbes found in the host's oral flora; cultures of purulent material generally will yield three to six anaerobes and one aerobe, (the aerobe is usually a Streptococcus species); Gram stains of purulent material can aid in therapeutic strategies; anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures are necessary to isolate all pathogens; pathogens found in infections of bite wounds reflect the oral flora of the aggressor; early postoperative wound infections are caused by the host's own flora, whereas later infections may be caused by hospital-acquired bacteria; and hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus are occupational hazards. Recommendations have been made for antimicrobial prophylaxis and for treatment. We recognize that some of these selections may be controversial. For instance, the value of prophylactic antibiotics in orthognathic surgery is not well defined; recommendations were made only in certain instances. However, in severe penetrating maxillofacial injuries with devitalized tissue, recommendations for antibiotics were for broad and prolonged coverage. In this instance, use of antibiotics is considered therapeutic and not prophylactic. In each instance, we tried to validate the selection. Our rationale has been to choose the antibiotics most active against the likely pathogens; additionally, consideration was given to drug toxicity and adverse reactions. We regard penicillin as the preferred agent for prophylaxis and treatment of most odontogenic infections. Alternative drugs include cephalosporins, doxycycline, and clindamycin. Erythoromycin and tetracycline are considered less effective than the former agents. Finally, we believe that successful treatment of infection depends as much on changing the microenvironment of the infected tissue by debridement and drainage as on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Maxillofacial Injuries; Mouth Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Virus Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Demeclocycline; Drug Combinations; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Syphilis is an infectious, usually sexually transmitted, disease caused by Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. Because of the increasing prevalence in Europe during the past few years, dentists could be confronted with patients with oral manifestations of syphilis. Because oral lesions are highly contagious, it is vital to make the correct diagnosis quickly to initiate the proper therapy and to interrupt the chain of infection. We present the cases of 5 patients with syphilis-related oral lesions. These cases are representative because of their clinical presentation, age, and gender distribution and the diagnostic approach. The aim of the present report is to emphasize the importance of the dentist knowing and identifying syphilis in different stages to diagnose the disease and institute treatment at an early stage.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Female; Hearing Loss; Humans; Labial Frenum; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Neurosyphilis; Palate, Hard; Penicillin G; Prednisone; Sexual Behavior; Tetracycline; Treponema pallidum

Tetracyclines are used to treat a range of oral conditions. Their efficacy in the treatment of periodontitis is well established, and they are authoritatively recommended in the management of avulsed teeth. There is a growing evidence base to support the use of tetracycline to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis, but its use in white spongy naevus is limited to a handful of case reports. The mechanism of action in these conditions is either unknown or indicated to be through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The use of a single agent to treat diverse oral conditions has important implications for oral medicine.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hamartoma; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Mouth Diseases; Periodontitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Tooth Avulsion

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Hamartoma; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouthwashes; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

A 23-year-old male presented with oral ulcers. Tissue smear showed Donovan bodies. The patient was treated with oral tetracycline.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eunuchism; Granuloma Inguinale; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouthwashes; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Tetracycline; Ulcer

Four patients with white sponge naevus of the oral mucosa each showed a dramatic improvement in symptoms with the use of topical tetracycline. This effect may depend on antimicrobial activity but the exact mechanism remains uncertain.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Telangiectasis; Tetracycline

Six middle-aged and elderly edentulous, systemically ill patients complaining of burning mouth sensation had a fusospirochetal infection of the oral mucosa. Metronidazole was successful in the treatment of three of these patients.

Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Female; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouthwashes; Spirochaetales Infections; Tetracycline

A case of granuloma inguinale of the oral cavity clinically resembling actinomycosis is reported. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic ulcerative lesions of the mouth, especially in patients with associated genital ulcers.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Combinations; Female; Granuloma Inguinale; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vulvar Diseases

Between 4% and 14% of patients with intestinal Crohn's disease (CD) may manifest the typical oral changes of this disorder. These changes include labial and intraoral inflammatory tissue hyperplasia with fissuring ("cobblestoning") and swelling. In addition, angular cheilitis and regional lymphadenopathy may be present. We report two cases of oral CD in brothers, in whom the unusual symptoms of metallic dysguesia and gingival bleeding were prominent features. Despite the well-recognized familiar incidence of CD, a review of the literature shows that in no previous case reports has familial oral CD been noted. Successful symptomatic and objective treatment results were obtained with a mouthwash preparation of triamcinolone acetonide, tetracycline, and lidocaine.

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Crohn Disease; Drug Combinations; Dysgeusia; Gingiva; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Taste Disorders; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an oral bacterium which is being encountered with increasing frequency in infective endocarditis. This organism occurs in high numbers in periodontitis lesions of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis). It is present infrequently, and only in low numbers in most other individuals. Its common resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and vancomycin represents a clinical problem in patients at risk of developing endocarditis after dental treatment. However, the high activity of tetracyclines against A. actinomycetemcomitans may be useful in prophylactic endocarditis considerations by allowing a suppression of the organism prior to the institution of recommended prophylactic protocols. In this study, we determined the effect of systemic tetracycline-HCl therapy (1 gm/day) on the oral A. actinomycetemcomitans population in five localized juvenile periodontitis patients who were heavily infected with the organism. A. actinomycetemcomitans could not be detected in samples of subgingival and supragingival dental plaque and cheek mucosal surfaces following 14 days of administration of systemic tetracycline. The organism was still undetectable 3 weeks after therapy but it reappeared at a few oral sites at week 8 post-treatment. On the basis of this data, it is proposed that the prophylactic endocarditis therapy of patients with high numbers of penicillin-resistant A. actinomycetemcomitans include a two-stage approach: first, the systemic administration of tetracycline for 14 days, and second, institution of a conventional prophylactic protocol during the time of dental treatment.

Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Adolescent; Dental Plaque; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Periodontitis; Tetracycline

The introduction of corticosteroids into oral medicine heralded a therapeutic advance, and substantial benefits have occurred from their use. Three topical steroids are being used currently in oral diseases, i.e. hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, triamcinolone in Orabase 0-1 per cent and betamethasone valerate 0-1 mg. The efficacy of these agents can be increased markedly if they are administered during the prodromal phase of ulceration, i.e. when lymphocyte activity is at its maximum. Therapeutic doses of all of them can be exceeded three times without impairing adrenal function. Nevertheless some of these preparations, as exemplified by topical medication, induced an unfortunate acute pseudomembranous candidiasis without any alteration in the plasma cortisol level. The routine examination and treatment of ulcers in the mouth should be a careful exercise helped by a good light source and a tongue spatula. Oral lesions affecting the soft tissues may be often difficult to diagnose, because of the rapid occurrence of secondary changes, such as maceration from moisture, abrasion by food and teeth, perhaps, and the existence of erosions and ulcerations from ruptured vesicles or bullae. Thus, diagnosis will depend not only on the grouping and distribution of lesion, but also on its subsequent behaviour. In some cases too there will be associated changes in the facial skin or elsewhere in the body.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Erythema Multiforme; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lichen Planus; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Mouth Diseases; Pemphigus; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Recurrence; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amyloidosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Erythema Multiforme; Erythromycin; Female; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease; Herpangina; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Pemphigus; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline

A female patient suffering from donovanosis of the oral cavity without associated lesions elsewhere is reported. The importance of remembering donovanosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic granulomatous ulceration of the mouth is emphasized.

Topics: Adult; Female; Granuloma Inguinale; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Macrophages; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Barium Sulfate; Biopsy; Crohn Disease; Epithelium; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Nystatin; Oral Manifestations; Physical Examination; Prednisone; Radiography; Sulfasalazine; Tetracycline; Ulcer

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; General Practice, Dental; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Injections, Intramuscular; Jaw Fractures; Mouth Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Periapical Abscess; Pericoronitis; Radiotherapy; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunotherapy; Mouth Diseases; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Chloramphenicol; Diathermy; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Osteitis; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Birth Weight; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Pharyngitis; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urethritis

Topics: Administration, Oral; Dermatitis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Lip Diseases; Male; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Bacteria; Cellulitis; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Seasons; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Butanones; Chloramphenicol; Mouth Diseases; Surgery, Oral; Tetracycline

Topics: Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Aminopyrine; Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Dentin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Gingival Hyperplasia; Humans; Hydantoins; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Necrosis; Palate; Penicillins; Phenylbutazone; Tetracycline; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Humans; Infections; Mouth Diseases; Organophosphorus Compounds; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Chin; Dermatitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Lip Diseases; Male; Mouth Diseases; Rosacea; Sex Factors; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Leucomycins; Lincomycin; Methicillin; Mouth Diseases; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin V; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Cephalosporins; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth Diseases; Osteitis; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Tetracycline

Topics: Arthritis; Behcet Syndrome; Dentures; Esophageal Diseases; Fistula; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Pharyngeal Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Mouth Diseases; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Humans; Infections; Mouth Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Jaw Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Osteitis; Osteomyelitis; Radiation Injuries; Salivary Gland Diseases; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis

Topics: Actinomycetales; Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Demeclocycline; Dentin; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Rats; Sputum; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Capsules; Cellulitis; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Odontogenic Cysts; Periodontal Diseases; Powders; Tetracycline

Topics: Dentistry; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Novobiocin; Tetracycline

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Dentistry; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Chloramphenicol; Infections; Mouth Diseases; Neomycin; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lip; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Tetracycline

Topics: Chymotrypsin; Dentistry; Drug Synergism; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Sulfates; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Synergism; Humans; Inflammation; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chymotrypsin; Drug Synergism; Humans; Inflammation; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Humans; Inflammation; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Lymecycline; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Biological Products; Freeze Drying; Humans; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dentistry; Lactobacillus; Mouth Diseases; Streptococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Calorimetry; Chelating Agents; Chlortetracycline; Copper; Demeclocycline; Iron; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Thermodynamics

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fluorides; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mouth Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Citrates; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Tetracycline; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Reactive; Child; Drug Therapy; Humans; Leukocytosis; Mouth Diseases; Mycoplasma; Oral Manifestations; Pathology; Penicillins; Tetracycline

Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tongue Diseases; Tonsillitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Medicine; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines