tetracycline and Meningitis--Meningococcal

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Haemophilus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iran; Kanamycin; Klippel-Feil Syndrome; Meningitis; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Norepinephrine; Polymyxins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfadiazine; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Up-to-date information regarding the antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis strains from African countries is highly limited. Our aim was to comprehensively describe the antibiotic susceptibilities of a selection of N. meningitidis isolates recovered between 2000 and 2006 from 18 African countries, mainly those within the meningitis belt. Susceptibilities to 11 antibiotics were determined using Etest for 137 N. meningitidis isolates (stringently selected from 693 available isolates). The isolates were also characterized by serogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, genosubtyping, and penA allele identification. All N. meningitidis isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. No isolate produced beta-lactamase. Only three isolates (2%) displayed reduced susceptibility to penicillin G. The two isolates with the highest penicillin G MICs were the only isolates showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin and cefuroxime. One of these isolates was also resistant to penicillin V. One percent of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to rifampin, while 52% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 74% were resistant to erythromycin, and 94% were resistant to sulfadiazine. The MICs of rifampin and tetracycline seemed to be associated with the serogroup of the isolates. In total, 18 sequence types (STs), 10 genosubtypes, and 8 different penA alleles were identified; the most common were ST-7, P1.20,9,35-1, and penA4, respectively. A high level of correlation was found between ST, genosubtype, and penA allele. In conclusion, N. meningitidis isolates from the African meningitis belt remain highly susceptible to the antibiotics used. Regarding beta-lactam antibiotics, rare isolates showed a reduced susceptibility to penicillins, but the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are not affected at present.

Topics: Africa; Genotype; Humans; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria meningitidis; Phenotype; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Brain Abscess; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Listeria; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Meningitis, Viral; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Phlebitis; Prognosis; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria meningitidis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rifampin; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline; Vaccination

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Meningitis, Viral; Neutrophils; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

An outbreak of meningococcal disease occurred among basic combat trainees at Fort Lewis, Wash., in the first 3 months of 1971. After five recruits developed meningitis within a 2-week period, 8,721 recruits were given 100 mg of minocycline every 12 hr for 5 days. No new cases of meningococcal disease occurred for almost 5 weeks. Then six additional cases occurred among recruits who had entered training after the initial course of minocycline and who had not received the drug. Minocycline was given to all 6,130 of these men, and again occurrence of new cases was halted abruptly. One week later, group C polysaccharide vaccine was administered to all recruits in the first 6 weeks of training and subsequently to all new entering trainees. No new cases of meningitis occurred in the next 3 months. Surveys showed that minocycline significantly lowered the meningococcal carrier rate for 4 to 5 weeks. No strains of Neisseria meningitidis, among 341 isolated after minocycline treatment, were resistant to the drug. Prophylaxis with minocycline clearly interrupted the course of this outbreak due to sulfa-resistant meningococci. Although immunization is the preferred method of prophylaxis, minocycline may be useful until a suitable polyvalent vaccine is available.

Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Minocycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Neisseria meningitidis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfadiazine; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Oleandomycin; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Blood; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillin G; Tetracycline

Topics: California; Carrier State; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epidemiology; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Naval Medicine; Penicillins; Preventive Medicine; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Chloramphenicol; England; Haemophilus; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Statistics as Topic; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Haemophilus; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillins; Proteus Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Haemophilus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Listeria; Meningitis; Meningitis, Haemophilus; Meningitis, Listeria; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Netherlands; Penicillins; Statistics as Topic; Tetracycline; Universities

Topics: Adolescent; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Oleandomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Child; Chloramphenicol; Geriatrics; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meningitis; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline