tetracycline and Klebsiella-Infections

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Sinusitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Serratia; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Carbenicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Klebsiella Infections; Nitrofurantoin; Placebos; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Proteus Infections; Pyelonephritis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics used to treat carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Our previous studies indicated that clinical strains encoding CrrB with amino acid substitutions exhibited higher colistin resistance (MICs ≥512 mg/L) than did colistin-resistant strains encoding mutant MgrB, PmrB or PhoQ.. CrrAB may regulate another unknown mechanism(s) contributing to colistin resistance, besides modifications of LPS with 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and phosphoethanolamine.. To identify these potential unknown mechanism(s), a transposon mutant library of A4528 crrB(N141I) was constructed. Loci that might contribute to colistin resistance and were regulated by crrB were confirmed by deletion and complementation experiments.. Screening of 2976 transposon mutants identified 47 mutants in which the MICs of colistin were significantly decreased compared with that for the parent. Besides crrAB, crrC and pmrHFIJKLM operons, these 47 transposon insertion mutants included another 13 loci. Notably, transcript levels of one of these insertion targets, H239_3064 (encoding a putative RND-type efflux pump), were significantly increased in A4528 crrB(N141I) compared with the A4528 parent strain. Deletion of H239_3064 in the A4528 crrB(N141I) background resulted in an 8-fold decrease in the MIC of colistin; complementation of the deletion mutant with H239_3064 restored resistance to colistin. Susceptibilities of A4528-derived strains to other antibiotics were also tested. Mutations of crrB resulted in decreased susceptibility to tetracycline and tigecycline, and deletion of H239_3064 in A4528 crrB(N141I) attenuated this phenomenon.. This study demonstrated that missense mutations of K. pneumoniae crrB lead to increased expression of H239_3064, leading in turn to decreased susceptibility to colistin, tetracycline and tigecycline.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation, Missense; Operon; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Austria; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Mutation; Rivers; Tetracycline; Tigecycline; Water Microbiology

Bacteria encoding the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene (blaNDM-1) are regarded as superbugs for their resistance to multiple antibiotics. Plasmids encoding blaNDM-1 have been observed to be spreading among gram-negative bacteria around the world. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple modifications of blaNDM-1-harboring plasmids might contribute to the spread of the gene. In this study, we analyzed blaNDM-1-encoding plasmids from two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, DU7433 and DU1301, found to be unrelated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequencing typing (DU7433: ST14 and DU1301: ST11), and compared them with previously published plasmids. Although strains DU1301, DU7433, and previously published strain DU43320 carried unrelated plasmids, their transconjugants exhibited similar antimicrobial resistance profiles. Transconjugants lacked the resistance to aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole when compared with the corresponding clinical isolates. Plasmids pTR1 from DU1301 and pTR2 from DU7433 had completely different plasmid backbones except a short conserved region of blaNDM-1 and ble flanked with truncated or nontruncated ISAba125 and trpF. The presence of this common region among known blaNDM-1-carrying plasmids implies that the dissemination of blaNDM-1 may be facilitated by mobilization of this conserved immediate region among different plasmids. Control measures should be strictly enforced whenever increasing incidences of epidemiological unrelated strains were identified.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aztreonam; Base Sequence; beta-Lactamases; Ciprofloxacin; Conjugation, Genetic; Conserved Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Gene Expression; Gentamicins; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Plasmids; Singapore; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Gram-negative 'superbugs' such as New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) producing pathogens have become world's major public health threats. Development of molecular strategies that can rehabilitate the 'old antibiotics' and halt the antibiotic resistance is a promising approach to target them. We report membrane-active macromolecules (MAMs) that restore the antibacterial efficacy (enhancement by >80-1250 fold) of tetracycline antibiotics towards blaNDM-1 Klebsiella pneumonia and blaNDM-1 Escherichia coli clinical isolates. Organismic studies showed that bacteria had an increased and faster uptake of tetracycline in the presence of MAMs which is attributed to the mechanism of re-sensitization. Moreover, bacteria did not develop resistance to MAMs and MAMs stalled the development of bacterial resistance to tetracycline. MAMs displayed membrane-active properties such as dissipation of membrane potential and membrane-permeabilization that enabled higher uptake of tetracycline in bacteria. In-vivo toxicity studies displayed good safety profiles and preliminary in-vivo antibacterial efficacy studies showed that mice treated with MAMs in combination with antibiotics had significantly decreased bacterial burden compared to the untreated mice. This report of re-instating the efficacy of the antibiotics towards blaNDM-1 pathogens using membrane-active molecules advocates their potential for synergistic co-delivery of antibiotics to combat Gram-negative superbugs.

Topics: Animals; beta-Lactamases; Cell Membrane; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Maleimides; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Tetracycline

Gram-negative 'superbugs' such as New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) producing pathogens have become world's major public health threats. Development of molecular strategies that can rehabilitate the 'old antibiotics' and halt the antibiotic resistance is a promising approach to target them. We report membrane-active macromolecules (MAMs)that restore the antibacterial efficacy (enhancement by >80-1250 fold) of tetracycline antibiotics towards blaNDM-1 Klebsiella pneumonia and blaNDM-1 Escherichia coli clinical isolates.Organismic studies showed that bacteria had an increased and faster uptake of tetracyclinein the presence of MAMs which is attributed to the mechanism of re-sensitization. Moreover,bacteria did not develop resistance to MAMs and MAMs stalled the development of bacterial resistance to tetracycline. MAMs displayed membrane-active properties such as dissipation of membrane potential and membrane-permeabilization that enabled higher uptake of tetracycline in bacteria. In-vivo toxicity studies displayed good safety profiles and preliminary in-vivo antibacterial efficacy studies showed that mice treated with MAMs in combination with antibiotics had significantly decreased bacterial burden compared to the untreated mice. This report of re-instating the efficacy of the antibiotics towards blaNDM-1 pathogens using membrane-active molecules advocates their potential for synergistic co-delivery of antibiotics to combat Gram-negative superbugs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Cell Membrane; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mice; Tetracycline

Respiratory infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are characterized by high rates of mortality and morbidity. Management of these infections is often difficult, due to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Multidrug efflux pumps play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the role of the K. pneumoniae AcrRAB operon in antimicrobial resistance and virulence by using isogenic knockouts deficient in the AcrB component and the AcrR repressor, both derived from the virulent strain 52145R. We demonstrated that the AcrB knockout was more susceptible, not only to quinolones, but also to other antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, than the wild-type strain and the AcrR knockout. We further showed that the AcrB knockout was more susceptible to antimicrobial agents present in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and to human antimicrobial peptides than the wild-type strain and the AcrR knockout. Finally, the AcrB knockout exhibited a reduced capacity to cause pneumonia in a murine model, in contrast to the wild-type strain. The results of this study suggest that, in addition to contributing to the multidrug resistance phenotype, the AcrAB efflux pump may represent a novel virulence factor required for K. pneumoniae to resist innate immune defense mechanisms of the lung, thus facilitating the onset of pneumonia.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Culture Media; Defensins; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Plasmids; Polymyxin B; Polysaccharides; Repressor Proteins; RNA, Bacterial

Nosocomial septicemia due to extended spectrum beta-(Beta)-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are a therapeutic challenge due to resistance. Knowledge of disease burden and resistance patterns is required for proper and timely management. We report the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL producing E. coli and K .pneumoniae from septicemia at a tertiary care hospital.. A total of 2,870 blood samples of suspected cases of septicemia were studied between January and December 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method and MICs for imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were determined using the E-test. All isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were tested for ESBL production by E-test method.. Forty-one (70.7%) K. pneumoniae isolates and ten (41.7%) E. coli isolates were ESBL producers. Two (5%) of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates, but no E. coli isolates, were resistant to carbapenems. In vitro, all ESBL producers were sensitive to tigecycline.. Our data indicated that the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumonia strains isolated from blood cultures from hospitalized patients is high. ESBL-producing organisms were found to be more susceptible to meropenem than to imipenem and ertapenem. Tigecycline is active against all the ESBL or multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; India; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Poland

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have rapidly spread worldwide and pose a serious threat for health care-associated (HA) infection. We conducted molecular detection and characterization of ESBL-related bla genes, including bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(VEB), bla(OXA), bla(PER), and bla(GES), among 362 isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli (n = 235) and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (n = 127) collected from patients who met the definition of HA infection at two major university hospitals in Thailand from December 2004 to May 2005. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, patient demographics and the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were described. A total of 87.3% of isolates carried several bla genes. The prevalence of bla(CTX-M) was strikingly high: 99.6% for ESBL-producing E. coli (CTX-M-14, -15, -27, -40, and -55) and 99.2% for ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (CTX-M-3, -14, -15, -27, and -55). ISEcp1 was found in the upstream region of bla(CTX-M) in most isolates. Up to 77.0% and 71.7% of ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, respectively, carried bla(TEM); all of them encoded TEM-1. ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carried bla(SHV) at 87.4% (SHV-1, -2a, -11, -12, -27, -71, and -75) but only at 3.8% for ESBL-producing E. coli (SHV-11 and -12). bla genes encoding VEB-1 and OXA-10 were found in both ESBL-producing E. coli (8.5% and 8.1%, respectively) and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (10.2% and 11.8%, respectively). None of the isolates were positive for bla(PER) and bla(GES). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that there was no major clonal relationship among these ESBL producers. This is the first study to report CTX-M-3, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-40, SHV-27, SHV-71, and SHV-75 in Thailand and to show that CTX-M ESBL is highly endemic in the country.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Endemic Diseases; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thailand

The first outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing the plasmid-encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase OXA-48 is reported. The 39 isolates belonged to two different clones and were collected at the University Hospital of Istanbul, Turkey, from May 2006 to February 2007, and they coproduced various beta-lactamases (SHV-12, OXA-9, and TEM-1 for clone A and CTX-M-15, TEM-1, and OXA-1 for clone B).

Topics: Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Genetic; Turkey

Within 24 hours of returning from a five-week holiday in Pakistan a 15-year-old girl developed vomiting and massive diarrhoea leading to severe dehydration with hypovolaemic shock. The diastolic blood pressure was no longer measurable and prerenal renal failure occurred with a serum creatinine of 4.4 mg/dl and metabolic acidosis (pH 7.21, base excess-16.9 mmol). Initially treatment consisted of rehydration (day 1: 9280 ml, day 2: 4850 ml). The patient's condition rapidly improved and she had voluminous stools. A concurrent urinary infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae was first treated with cotrimoxazole. As a new strain of Vibrio cholerae, serogroup O 139, was isolated from stool, treatment was changed to tetracycline (50 mg/kg daily). Regaining a good general state she was transferred to an isolation ward on the 6th hospital day. The isolated cholera organism belongs to a nonagglutinating serogroup which is indistinguishable clinically and epidemiologically from the classical Vibrio strains which cause cholera. Since the end of 1992 this new serogroup has been causing an explosive spread of cholera in Bangladesh and India.

Topics: Adolescent; Agglutination Tests; Cholera; Dehydration; Feces; Female; Fluid Therapy; Germany; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pakistan; Serotyping; Shock; Tetracycline; Travel; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Urinary Tract Infections; Vibrio cholerae

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic, productive cough present on most days for at least three months of the year. Differential diagnosis must exclude an endobronchial obstructive lesion, asthma, nocturnal aspiration, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and immotile cilia syndrome. The most characteristic finding in patients with chronic bronchitis is hypertrophy of the mucous glands and goblet cells.

Topics: Alcoholism; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Animals; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Dogs; Drug Combinations; Humans; Ipratropium; Klebsiella Infections; Metaproterenol; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Six of 14 patients with renal abscess had prior history of urinary tract infection; initial symptoms included fever and flank pain in 12. A drip-infusion intravenous pyelogram was the most sensitive radiologic test, but selective renal arteriography was most specific. Urine cultures were positive in all 14 patients; blood cultures were positive in nine. Six patients were treated with antibiotics alone and eight required surgery. Of the eight, five had pus-filled cavities, one had multiple stones, one had a renal infarct, and one had a resolving abscess. Of six treated with antibiotics alone, one died of unrelated complications and five have demonstrated no pathological renal condition after three to six years.

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Tetracycline

Germ-free swine were artificially contaminated with tetracycline (TC) sensitive strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. One of these strains, E. coli 3306, was infected with a plasmid carrying kanamycin (KM) resistance, i.e., T-kan factor. Another strain, E. coli P-5, carried a conjugally transferable Col B factor. Among the nine strains used, only E. coli P-38 became TC-resistant after TC administration. Three types of TC-resistance E. coli P-38 strains were found; (a) one strain carried nontransferable TC resistance and could not produce colicin, (b) one strain carried TC resistance with a high transmission frequency which could not produce colicin, and (c) one strain carried TC resistance with a low transmission frequency that could produce colicin B. Genetic studies disclosed that the transmissible TC resistance factors, i.e., Rms105 (group b) and Rms104 (group c), were formed by recombination between Col B factor and nontransmissible TC-resistance (tet) determinant which appeared in E. coli P-38 mutants.

Topics: Animals; Bacteriocin Plasmids; Colicins; Conjugation, Genetic; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Germ-Free Life; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mutation; Plasmids; R Factors; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Tetracycline

Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract endemic to Eastern Europe and Central America which is being recognized with increasing frequency in other countries, including the United States. It was initially described as a lesion of the nose and upper respiratory tract, but is now known to involve the larynx, trachea and bronchi as well to cause slowly progressive asphyxia. Eleven cases of rhinoscleroma with varying degrees of involvement of the lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea and bronchi) are presented. Present day treatment is both medical, consisting primarily of streptomycin and tetracycline, and endoscopic dilatation. Prolonged medication with careful dose control is necessary. Lower respiratory tract involvement should be considered in patients with chronic destructive granulomatous nasal pathology. This should be especially emphasized if they have an Eastern European or Central American background, or have travelled in these areas in which rhinoscleroma is endemic.

Topics: Adult; Europe; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Laryngitis; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Pharyngitis; Recurrence; Rhinitis; Rhinoscleroma; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; United States

Rhinoscleroma may present a diagnostic problem when encountered outside endemic region. Two young men from Gaza with tumor-like masses of scleroma in the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx are described. Histological examination of biopsy material from the nasal lesions showed pathognomonic Mikulicz cells, and cultures grew Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Both patients responded well to antibiotic treatment.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinoscleroma; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Aged; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Pleuropneumonia; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Fifty-six patients with uncomplicated urinary infections were treated with a five-day course of antimicrobials. Fifty-four patients had sterile urine two weeks after termination of the drugs. Over a two-year period 8 patients were found to become reinfected.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Bonnamycin which is a new tetracycline group antibiotic isolated from a variant strain of Streptomyces rimosus and is identified chemically as doxycycline was investigated, comparing with tetracycline. The results are as follows: (1) In in vitro studies of anti-bacterial spectrum, doxycycline is widely effective against standard strains kept in our department. (2) The distribution of susceptibility of 75 Staphylococci, 62 Salmonella and 64 Shigella strains isolated from clinical materials was similar to that of tetracycline. (3) As to the therapeutic experiment in acute infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice, the drugs were equally effective and the ED50 was both 70.8 mcg. (4) Doxycycline administrated orally or subcutaneously in rats was distributed in kidneys, livers, lungs and spleens at relatively high concentration among organs.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacteria; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Rats; Salmonella; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

A streptomycin-resistant strain of K. pneumoniae obtained after mutation in vitro was found to be less virulent than the sensitive strain in mice. However, a single injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) administered 24 hours before challenge increased the host's resistance to both strains. In contrast, the virulence was not changed in K. pneumoniae accepting R-factors for ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulphonamide. The plasmids were transferred to K. pneumoniae from two strains of Escherichia coli possessing different R-factors with the same resistance pattern. As in the first case, mice pretreated by endotoxin were protected against a challenge by microorganisms carrying R-factors. The capacity of the stimulated host to destory resistant or sensitive organisms was of the same order. Klebsiella recovered 5 or 24 hours after infection from the blood, liver and spleen did not lost their antibiotic-resistance. In this study, BCG and Corynebacterium granulosum were also used. Like LPS, these two immunostimulants protected very effectively mice infected with K. pneumoniae rendered resistant to antibiotics by R-factor transfer.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; BCG Vaccine; Chloramphenicol; Corynebacterium; Endotoxins; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Injections, Intravenous; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mice; Mutation; Penicillin Resistance; Plasmids; R Factors; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli Infections; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Blood; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methacycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Cross Infection; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Lung; Penicillin Resistance; Prognosis; Sepsis; Skin; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Novobiocin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfates; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Synergism; Enteritis; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nurseries, Hospital; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Infant; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antitussive Agents; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Oxadiazoles; Pyrazoles; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Blood Proteins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ovalbumin; Pneumococcal Infections; Proline; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Animals; Cyanoacrylates; Female; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tissue Adhesives; Vancomycin; Wound Infection

Topics: Animals; Klebsiella Infections; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation; Vancomycin; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Animals; Arteriovenous Anastomosis; Blood Pressure; Capillary Permeability; Cardiac Output; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline; Venous Pressure

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Colistin; Depression, Chemical; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrofurantoin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pyelonephritis; Staphylococcal Infections; Stimulation, Chemical; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Depression, Chemical; Enterobacter; Kidney; Klebsiella Infections; Liver; Lung; Lung Diseases; Mice; Oleandomycin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Feces; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Prospective Studies; Serotyping; Sputum; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Klebsiella Infections; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Oleandomycin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Penicillin G; Pregnancy; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Mice; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Pneumonia; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriology; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Pneumonia; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline