tetracycline and Influenza--Human

Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Erythromycin; gamma-Globulins; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Idoxuridine; Influenza, Human; Interferons; Mycoplasma Infections; Poxviridae Infections; Q Fever; Rickettsia Infections; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Tetracycline; Thiosemicarbazones; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne; Virus Diseases

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Antibodies; Bacteriuria; Chickenpox; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Congenital Abnormalities; Coxsackievirus Infections; Cytomegalovirus; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Diseases; Hepatitis; Herpesviridae Infections; Hormones; Humans; Influenza, Human; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Measles; Mumps; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pneumonia; Poliomyelitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Smallpox; Smallpox Vaccine; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital

The results from the comparative clinical studies on the effectiveness of tetraolean and tetracycline are summed up about 1672 patients with acute and exacerbated infections of the respiratory organs (1036 patient, treated by ten teams, working on the theme given in advance "Comparative clinical studies between tetraolean and tetracyclin in acute pneumonia", 164 patients with postgrippe viral-bacterial pneumonia, treated during the grippe epidemy 1972/1973 and 445 patient treated at the Therapeutic Clinic, Sofia during 1967-1972). The total results reveal that, according to the adopted objective indices, the therapeutic effect of tetraolean is with a statistically significant superiority over tetracyclin. The beneficial results obtained in the treatment of 14 patients with endocarditis lenta are also reported. The mechanisms of that superior effect, defined as "clinical synergism" are discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Bulgaria; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung Diseases; Oleandomycin; Pneumonia; Tetracycline

Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung; Minocycline; Neisseria meningitidis; Orthomyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiratory System; Respirovirus; Sputum; Tetracycline; Trachea

Topics: Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Influenza, Human; Placebos; Seasons; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Sulfaphenazole; Tetracycline

Mitohormesis defines the increase in fitness mediated by adaptive responses to mild mitochondrial stress. Tetracyclines inhibit not only bacterial but also mitochondrial translation, thus imposing a low level of mitochondrial stress on eukaryotic cells. We demonstrate in cell and germ-free mouse models that tetracyclines induce a mild adaptive mitochondrial stress response (MSR), involving both the ATF4-mediated integrative stress response and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. To overcome the interferences of tetracyclines with the host microbiome, we identify tetracycline derivatives that have minimal antimicrobial activity, yet retain full capacity to induce the MSR, such as the lead compound, 9-tert-butyl doxycycline (9-TB). The MSR induced by doxycycline (Dox) and 9-TB improves survival and disease tolerance against lethal influenza virus (IFV) infection when given preventively. 9-TB, unlike Dox, did not affect the gut microbiome and also showed encouraging results against IFV when given in a therapeutic setting. Tolerance to IFV infection is associated with the induction of genes involved in lung epithelial cell and cilia function, and with downregulation of inflammatory and immune gene sets in lungs, liver, and kidneys. Mitohormesis induced by non-antimicrobial tetracyclines and the ensuing IFN response may dampen excessive inflammation and tissue damage during viral infections, opening innovative therapeutic avenues.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Doxycycline; Humans; Influenza, Human; Mice; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

HIV immune pathogenesis is postulated to involve two major mechanisms: 1) chronic innate immune responses that drive T cell activation and apoptosis and 2) induction of immune regulators that suppress T cell function and proliferation. Both arms are elevated chronically in lymphoid tissues of non-natural hosts, which ultimately develop AIDS. However, these mechanisms are not elevated chronically in natural hosts of SIV infection that avert immune pathogenesis despite similarly high viral loads. In this study we investigated whether minocycline could modulate these pathogenic antiviral responses in non-natural hosts of HIV and SIV. We found that minocycline attenuated in vitro induction of type I interferon (IFN) and the IFN-stimulated genes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs exposed to aldrithiol-2 inactivated HIV or infectious influenza virus. Activation-induced TRAIL and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in isolated CD4+ T cells were also reduced by minocycline. Translation of these in vitro findings to in vivo effects, however, were mixed as minocycline significantly reduced markers of activation and activation-induced cell death (CD25, Fas, caspase-3) but did not affect expression of IFNβ or the IFN-stimulated genes IDO1, FasL, or Mx in the spleens of chronically SIV-infected pigtailed macaques. TRAIL expression, reflecting the mixed effects of minocycline on activation and type I IFN stimuli, was reduced by half, but this change was not significant. These results show that minocycline administered after infection may protect against aspects of activation-induced cell death during HIV/SIV immune disease, but that in vitro effects of minocycline on type I IFN responses are not recapitulated in a rapid progressor model in vivo.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Separation; CTLA-4 Antigen; Dendritic Cells; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunity; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Influenza, Human; Interferon Type I; Lymphocyte Activation; Macaca nemestrina; Minocycline; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; Tetracycline; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Topics: Adult; Bed Rest; Bronchodilator Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Humans; Influenza, Human; Sweating; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Three cases of pneumonia caused by Neisseria meningitidis group Y are reported. From the results of these cases, the following conclusions were made. N. meningitidis probably can cause serious infection without preceding blood stream invasion. Primary meningococcal pneumonia is not rare; it has no distinctive clinical presentation; and it may not be recognized by routine expectorated sputum cultures. In addition, it may be associated with recent influenzal and adenoviral infections. Lastly, meningococci of the serogroup Y are capable of causing serious disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies showed that all three group Y isolates were sensitive to sulfadiazine and rifampin as well as to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Meningococcal Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria meningitidis; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin Resistance; Pneumonia; Radiography; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Influenza, Human; Pneumonia, Viral; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Child; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Complement Fixation Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis; Influenza, Human; Lung; Mycoplasma Infections; Pleural Effusion; Psittacosis; Q Fever; Radiography; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Cephalothin; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Oxacillin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Female; Hearing Disorders; Humans; Influenza, Human; Otitis Media; Tetracycline; USSR; Vertigo; Vestibular Function Tests; Vestibule, Labyrinth

Topics: Adult; Aged; California; Cephalothin; Child; Female; Genes; Genetics, Microbial; Hemadsorption Inhibition Tests; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hematocrit; Humans; Influenza, Human; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Orthomyxoviridae; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Radiography; Tetracycline; Virus Replication

Topics: Adult; Aged; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Influenza, Human; Male; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Tracheitis; United Kingdom

Topics: Humans; Influenza, Human; Ships; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diphtheria; Erythromycin; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Influenza, Human; Measles; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Scarlet Fever; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis; Whooping Cough

Topics: Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchial Diseases; Humans; Influenza, Human; Kanamycin; Lung Diseases; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Aspirin; Central Nervous System; Drug Synergism; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Influenza, Human; Penicillins; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Common Cold; Culture Media; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum; Tetracycline

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Hemopneumothorax; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung Diseases; Oxadiazoles; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Birds; Child; Chlamydia; Chlamydophila psittaci; Complement Fixation Tests; Epidemiology; Fever; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Psittacosis; Scotland; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bronchial Fistula; Bronchopneumonia; Cross Infection; Empyema; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung Abscess; Pneumonectomy; Postoperative Complications; Sputum; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Thoracic Diseases; Thoracoplasty; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Chronic Disease; Humans; Influenza, Human; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Otitis Media; Otolaryngology; Penicillins; Sinusitis; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Air Conditioning; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Influenza, Human; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Sterilization; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline

Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Cortisone; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Influenza, Human; Penicillins; Plasma Cells; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Rickettsial; Pneumonia, Viral; Psittacosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Q Fever; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Influenza, Human; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline; USSR

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Biomedical Research; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Communicable Diseases; Cycloserine; Diphtheria; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Influenza, Human; Liver Extracts; Methicillin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Tuberculosis; USSR

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Candidiasis; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Chlortetracycline; Encephalitis; Erythromycin; Humans; Influenza, Human; Intracranial Embolism; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Neuritis; Pathology; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Humans; Influenza, Human; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Humans; Influenza, Human; Injections, Intramuscular; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tablets; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Influenza, Human; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Flavonoids; Humans; Influenza, Human; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Encephalitis; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Influenza, Human; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Influenza, Human; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Singapore; Tetracycline