tetracycline and Herpes-Simplex

Tattooing is a procedure where ink is applied to an area of the skin, mostly intraepidermally (1). This procedure is carried out mainly for aesthetic purposes. Lately, it has been used as a corrective medical procedure following amputation of mammilla. The procedure is aggressive (2), and the fact that skin is punctured many times with the same needle which cannot be fully sterilized may cause infection of the treated area with bacterial, fungal, or viral agents that may lead to health consequences manifesting in the form of verrucae vulgaris, molluscum contagiosum, and herpes simplex. On the other hand, complications such as granulomas, allergic reactions, Koebner phenomenon, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, lichen ruber planus, hepatitis C, and HIV infections should also be considered as potential consequences of tattooing (3-7). Even systemic reactions have been reported. Herein we describe a case of herpes infection activation after tattooing. Herein we present the case of a 46-year-old woman, employed in the medical sector, with a two-day history of herpes simplex in the labial area that manifested following application of a cosmetic tattoo meant to outline the lips (Figure 1). Two days after tattoo application, the vesicular lesions appeared along the area that was filled with ink, followed by sub-febrile temperature and fever and a subjective feeling of itching initially, followed by burning sensation and pain. The skin signs located on erythematous base were mainly grouped vesicles with sharply demarcated borders. Regional lymphatic nodes, mainly retro auricular, were enlarged. Within 48 hours, the patient was treated with acyclovir tablets in a dose of 800 mg three times a day and an antipyretic. Acyclovir ointment was administered during the first two days, as well as tetracycline ointment after the second day of the eruption. On the fifth day, we observed regression of the skin changes (Figure 2), and complete healing was achieved after one week. We assessed the medical history of the patient, which revealed the following: hypothyreosis due to lobectomy performed for the treatment of toxic adenoma. The patient was under substitutional therapy with 75 mg levothyroxine. The patient had herpes simplex before, and this was the second herpetic eruption. Herpes simplex is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 infection that is transmitted through droplets of saliva or direct contact with the affected area, for example during kissing (8-10). Hi

Topics: Acyclovir; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Middle Aged; Risk Assessment; Tattooing; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Chloramphenicol; Cytarabine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Erythromycin; gamma-Globulins; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Idoxuridine; Influenza, Human; Interferons; Mycoplasma Infections; Poxviridae Infections; Q Fever; Rickettsia Infections; Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Tetracycline; Thiosemicarbazones; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne; Virus Diseases

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Glucocorticoids; Gonorrhea; Haemophilus Infections; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Penicillin G Procaine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Syphilis, Congenital; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Diseases

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a human DNA virus that causes cold sores, keratitis, meningitis, and encephalitis. Ubiquitination is a post-translational protein modification essential for regulation of cellular events, such as proteasomal degradation, signal transduction, and protein trafficking. The process is also involved in events for establishing viral infection and replication. The first step in ubiquitination involves ubiquitin (Ub) binding with Ub-activating enzyme (E1, also termed UBE1) via a thioester linkage. Our results show that HSV-1 infection alters protein ubiquitination pattern in host cells, as evidenced by MS spectra and co-immunoprecipitation assays. HSV-1 induced ubiquitination of UBE1a isoform via an isopeptide bond with Lys604. Moreover, we show that ubiquitination of K604 in UBE1a enhances UBE1a activity; that is, the activity of ubiquitin-transfer to E2 enzyme. Subsequently, we investigated the functional role of UBE1a and ubiquitination of K604 in UBE1a. We found that UBE1-knockdown increased HSV-1 DNA replication and viral production. Furthermore, overexpression of UBE1a, but not a UBE1a K604A mutant, suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, we found that UBE1a and ubiquitination at K604 in UBE1a retarded expression of HSV-1 major capsid protein, ICP5. Our findings show that UBE1a functions as an antiviral factor that becomes activated upon ubiquitination at Lys604.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Survival; Chlorocebus aethiops; Chromatography, Liquid; Doxycycline; HeLa Cells; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Protein Binding; Protein Domains; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Small Interfering; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetracycline; Transfection; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes; Ubiquitination; Vero Cells; Virus Replication

In my office I occasionally see neonates with conjunctivitis. What are the current recommendations for ocular prophylaxis at birth? Do topical antibiotics alone provide adequate treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis? When is systemic therapy indicated?. All infants should receive ocular prophylaxis at birth to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia. Neonates presenting with signs of conjunctivitis should have a conjunctival swab sent for Gram stain and culture. If Gram-negative diplococci are present on the Gram stain results, the infants and their parents should be treated immediately for presumed gonorrhea. Infants with chlamydial infection should be treated with oral antibiotics. Most of all other forms of bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with topical antibiotics, with the exception of Pseudomonas infection. Infants should be followed during their treatment and upon completion of therapy to ensure resolution of symptoms. For cases in which sexually transmitted bacteria are implicated, the mothers and their sexual partners should be treated.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

TorsinA is a novel protein identified in the search for mutations underlying the human neurologic movement disorder, early onset torsion dystonia. Relatively little is understood about the normal function of torsinA or the physiological effects of the codon deletion associated with most cases of disease. Overexpression of wild-type torsinA in cultured cells by DNA transfection results in a reticular distribution of immunoreactive protein that co-localizes with endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperones, while the dystonia-related mutant form accumulates within concentric membrane whorls and nuclear-associated membrane stacks. In this study we examined the biogenesis of mutant torsinA-positive membrane inclusions using tetracycline-regulated herpes simplex virus amplicon vectors. At low expression levels, mutant torsinA was localized predominantly around the nucleus, while at high levels it was also concentrated within cytosolic spheroid inclusions. In contrast, the distribution of wild-type torsinA did not vary, appearing diffuse and reticular at all expression levels. These observations are consistent with descriptions of inducible membrane synthesis in other systems in which cytosolic membrane whorls are derived from multilayered membrane stacks that first form around the nuclear envelope. These results also suggest that formation of mutant torsinA-positive inclusions occurs at high expression levels in culture, whereas the perinuclear accumulation of the mutant protein is present even at low expression levels that are more likely to resemble those of the endogenous protein. These nuclear-associated membrane structures enriched in mutant torsinA may therefore be of greater relevance to understanding how the dystonia-related mutation compromises cellular physiology.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cytosol; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Vectors; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Intracellular Membranes; Molecular Chaperones; Mutation; Nuclear Envelope; Organelles; Tetracycline; Transgenes

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Drug Combinations; Female; Gonorrhea; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Idoxuridine; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Penicillins; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Female; Gonorrhea; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Idoxuridine; Immunotherapy; Male; Penicillins; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Tetracycline

The introduction of corticosteroids into oral medicine heralded a therapeutic advance, and substantial benefits have occurred from their use. Three topical steroids are being used currently in oral diseases, i.e. hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, triamcinolone in Orabase 0-1 per cent and betamethasone valerate 0-1 mg. The efficacy of these agents can be increased markedly if they are administered during the prodromal phase of ulceration, i.e. when lymphocyte activity is at its maximum. Therapeutic doses of all of them can be exceeded three times without impairing adrenal function. Nevertheless some of these preparations, as exemplified by topical medication, induced an unfortunate acute pseudomembranous candidiasis without any alteration in the plasma cortisol level. The routine examination and treatment of ulcers in the mouth should be a careful exercise helped by a good light source and a tongue spatula. Oral lesions affecting the soft tissues may be often difficult to diagnose, because of the rapid occurrence of secondary changes, such as maceration from moisture, abrasion by food and teeth, perhaps, and the existence of erosions and ulcerations from ruptured vesicles or bullae. Thus, diagnosis will depend not only on the grouping and distribution of lesion, but also on its subsequent behaviour. In some cases too there will be associated changes in the facial skin or elsewhere in the body.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Epidermolysis Bullosa; Erythema Multiforme; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lichen Planus; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Mouth Diseases; Pemphigus; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Recurrence; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Antigens, Viral; Antiviral Agents; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Urethritis

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Topical; Coloring Agents; Cytarabine; Dermatologic Agents; Ethyl Ethers; Female; Glutaral; Herpes Simplex; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Ichthyosis; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Phototherapy; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Urea; Vitamin A; Warts

Topics: Adult; Complement Fixation Tests; Esophagitis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Male; Mycoplasma; Simplexvirus; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antigens, Viral; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chloramphenicol; Female; gamma-Globulins; Germany, West; Hepatitis A; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Idoxuridine; Male; Pregnancy; Simplexvirus; Sweden; Tetracycline; Trifluoperazine

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibodies; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alopecia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Balanitis; Biopsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Deoxyuridine; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Erythromycin; Exanthema; Female; Hemorrhoids; Hernia, Inguinal; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Lymphadenitis; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Sarcoidosis; Sclerosis; Skin Tests; Stomatitis; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Syphilis, Latent; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickenpox; Convalescence; Drug Therapy; Eczema; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Pathology; Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Abscess; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Meningitis; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Prednisone; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Transfusion; Child; Herpes Simplex; Penicillins; Prednisolone; Streptomycin; Tetracycline