tetracycline and Endometritis

The efficacy of intrauterine oxytetracycline and a combination of benzydamine and tetracycline in preventing uterine infections in 150 Italian Friesian cows with retained placentas were compared. The animals were divided into three equal groups. Sixteen per cent of the oxytetracycline-treated group, 12 per cent of the benzydamine-tetracycline-treated group and 76 per cent of the untreated group developed endometritis. The difference between the two treatment groups was not significant but both treatments were effective in preventing septic complications in cows with retained placentas.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Benzydamine; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Female; Oxytetracycline; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline

During a 4-month period 265 women delivered by cesarean section were studied to determine what effect membrane rupture has on the incidence and severity of postoperative infection. There was a definite correlation between the duration of ruptured membranes and the incidence as well as severity of postoperative infections. Only 29% of women with intact membranes subsequently developed endometritis with pelvic cellulitis, in contrast to 85% of those whose membranes were ruptured for less than 6 hours. Wound and pelvic abscesses were encountered in less than 1% of women delivered with intact membranes, yet these complications developed in over 30% of women with membranes ruptured for less than 6 hours. The incidence of septicemia was four times greater in those women whose membranes were ruptured for less than 6 hours. Women with endometritis were treated with one of two empirical antimicrobial regimens chosen randomly. Intravenous penicillin and tetracycline was found to be as effective as, and perhaps slightly more effective than, the combination of intravenous penicillin and intramuscular tobramycin.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cesarean Section; Endometritis; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tobramycin

Haemophilus somnus was consistently isolated from vaginal discharges of dairy cows submitted from field cases of vaginitis, cervicitis and/or metritis in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands during the period July 1995 - December 2000 and from the East Griqualand area in November/December 2000. The purulent vaginal discharges, red granular vaginitis and cervicitis, and pain on palpation described in these cases was very similar to that reported in outbreaks of H.somnus endometritis syndrome in Australia, Europe and North America. In all the herds involved in these outbreaks, natural breeding with bulls was employed. Although there was a good cure rate in clinically-affected animals treated with tetracyclines, culling rates for chronic infertility were unacceptably high. Employment of artificial insemination in these herds improved pregnancy rates in cows that had calved previously, but many cows that had formerly been infected failed to conceive.

Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Outbreaks; Endometritis; Female; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; South Africa; Syndrome; Tetracycline; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginitis

The investigations were carried out on a total of 70 cows with puerperal endometritis. In addition to intrauterine antibiotic treatment, 30 experimental animals were administered 20 microg GnRH analogue, buserelin, between days 10 and 12 post-partum followed by 500 microg PGF2alpha analogue, cloprostenol, 10 days later. Forty control cows were treated only with intrauterine antibiotics. Blood samples for progesterone determination were collected from the tail vein twice weekly until day 70 post-partum. The first rise in progesterone level above 3.18 nmol/l occurred significantly earlier in the experimental than in control cows (21.6 +/- 9.2 versus 27.8 +/- 12.3 days; p < or = 0.05). The duration of the first cycle post-partum was 15.0 +/- 4.3 days in experimental and 19.7 +/- 7.3 days in control animals (p < or = 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the occurrence of first oestrus post-partum. The involution of the uterus was improved after hormone treatment. At day 42 post-partum, completion of uterine involution was found in 93.3% of hormone-treated cows and in 82.5% of those treated with antibiotic only (p < or = 0.05). Clinical recovery was 96.6% in the experimental and 82.5% in the control group (p < or = 0.05). First service pregnancy rate was significantly better in hormone-treated than control cows (51.7 versus 36.4%; p < or = 0.05). Total pregnancy rate and insemination index values were not significantly improved following GnRH and PGF2alpha treatment. The average service period was 89.8 +/- 21.2 days in cows after hormone treatment, and 112.6 +/- 24.5 days in control cows. The difference was statistically significant (p < or = 0.05). These results indicate, that the sequential GnRH and PGF2alpha application in cows with puerperal endometritis positively affected ovarian function and uterine involution, resulting in improved fertility performance.

Topics: Animals; Buserelin; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol; Dairying; Dinoprost; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Erythromycin; Female; Fertility; Fertility Agents, Female; Progesterone; Puerperal Disorders; Tetracycline

The uteri of 77 postparturient dairy cows were sampled. Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically, and the nature of bacterial growth was identified. A mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infection was found in 55% of the samples. Actinomyces pyogenes was the predominant aerobic species; it was found in 70% of the samples, whereas Bacteroides melaninogenicus was the most frequent anaerobic species isolated. Altogether, 16 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides were identified with variable frequencies. It appears that more than one Bacteroides species colonizes the uterus of a given cow postpartum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clindamycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin for 83 anaerobic isolates were determined. All isolates were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC90 of 0.064 microgram/ml) and all but two to metronidazole. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was variable, with a bimodal distribution of MIC values. The MIC of tetracycline for 90% of the isolates was > 256 micrograms/ml.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Endometritis; Female; Metronidazole; Placenta, Retained; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline; Uterus

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Endometritis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Salpingitis; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis

Plasma copper and zinc in 20 ewes, healthy or infected with chronic postpartum metritis or mastitis, have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma protein profile was measured by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate plates, and albumin and ceruloplasmin were determined colorimetrically. For the ten initial days, plasma copper and ceruloplasmin increased in plasma zinc decreased in spite of a daily drenching of 200 mg Zn/ewe (as sulfate). Fibrinogen and IgG2 increased and albumin decreased slightly indicating an infectious process. After a five day period of intramuscular injection with chloramphenicol, tetracycline and prednisolone, plasma zinc increased but copper remained unchanged. It may be concluded that hypozincemia should not be attributed to a zinc deficiency without any information on biochemical parameters specific for inflammation of infection. An inflammatory hypozincemia is not affected by a zinc treatment even at a high level.

Topics: Animals; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Copper; Diet; Endometritis; Female; Mastitis; Prednisolone; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Tetracycline; Zinc

Tested were two drug combinations for the treatment of a total of 111 cows affected postpartum with acute endometritis. The cows showed equal values in terms of age, annual milk yield, tending and feeding. The animals were treated via the uterus, three times at the interval of 48 hours. Used were antibiotics in combination with other therapeutic means. The first combination used included: furaccillin 1g, furazolidon 0,5 g, kanamicyn 1 g, penicillin 1 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. Its use contributed to a 76.3 per cent conception rate within the limits of an 80-day service period, and a 56.2 per cent conception rate at first insemination. The second combination consisted of tetracycline 0.5 g, norsulfasol 5 g, pepsin 3 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. In this case the conception rate obtained was 47.4 per cent and 28.9 per cent, respectively. The cows treated with the first combination had a shorter service period (15.9 days shorter), and the insemination index was 0.3 lower as compared with the cows treated with the second combination.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Citrates; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Female; Fertility; Furazolidone; Kanamycin; Nitrofurazone; Penicillins; Pepsin A; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline; Vitamins

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitoxins; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Complement System Proteins; Endometritis; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Methicillin; Muramidase; Penicillin G; Pregnancy; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aminosalicylic Acids; Antitubercular Agents; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometritis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Isoniazid; Menopause; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Female Genital; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Dyspepsia; Endometritis; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Female; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Parametritis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Plants, Medicinal; Proteus; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Ulcer; Wound Infection

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyclohexanes; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders; Puerperal Infection; Sulfuric Acids; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Chronic Disease; Endometritis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Inflammation; Oophoritis; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pyrazoles; Salpingitis; Tetracycline