tetracycline and Diphtheria

The objectives of this study were to undertake the microbiological and molecular characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates collected in Algeria during epidemic and post-epidemic periods between 1992 and 2015. Microbiological characterization includes the determination of biotype and toxigenicity status using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the E-test method. Molecular characterization was performed by multi-locus sequence typing. In total, there were 157 cases of C. diphtheriae isolates, 127 in patients with respiratory diphtheria and 30 with ozena. Isolates with a mitis biotype were predominant (122 out of 157; 77.7%) followed by belfanti (28 out of 157; 17.8%) and gravis biotype (seven out of 157; 4.5%). Toxigenic isolates were predominant in the period 1992-2006 (74 out of 134) whereas in the period 2007-2015, only non-toxigenic isolates circulated (23 out of 23). All 157 isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin and cotrimoxazole. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, cefotaxime, tetracycline and chloramphenicol was detected in 90 (57.3%), 88 (56.1%), 112 (71.3%) and 90 (57.3%) isolates, respectively. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis indicates that sequence type 116 (ST-116) was the most frequent, with 65 out of 100 isolates analysed, in particular during the epidemic period 1992-1999 (57 out of 65 isolates). In the post-epidemic period, 2000-2015, 13 different sequence types were isolated. All belfanti isolates (ten out of 100 isolates) belonged to closely related sequence types grouped in a phylogenetically distinct eBurst group and were collected exclusively in ozena cases. In conclusion, the epidemic period was associated with ST-116 while the post-epidemic period was characterized by more diversity. Belfanti isolates are grouped in a phylogenetically distinct clonal complex.

Topics: Adult; Algeria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Chloramphenicol; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Penicillin G; Phylogeny; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin; Young Adult

Susceptibility of 150 Corynebacterium isolates (91 strains of C.pseudodiphtheriticum and 59 strains of the ANF group corynebacteria) to 21 antibacterial drugs was determined by the method of serial dilutions in a solid medium. It was shown that the MIC of the drugs for the diphtheroids was within the ranges of < 0.015 to > 32.0 micrograms/ml. 66 per cent of the Corynebacterium strains circulating in St. Petersburg was resistant at least to 1 antibacterial drug. The Corynebacterium isolates with moderate resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin (57.3 per cent) and resistant to trimethoprime (16.7 per cent) were the most frequent. 8.0 per cent of the diphtheroids was resistant at least to 4 antibacterial drugs. No significant difference in the susceptibility of the ANF group corynebacteria and C.pseudodiphtheriticum to the drugs was observed. Gentamicin, rifampicin, tetracycline and doxycycline showed high activity against the corynebacteria at present circulating in St. Petersburg. When antibacterial therapy of the infection due to corynebacteria fails it is necessary to estimate antibioticograms of Corynebacterium pure cultures.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gentamicins; Humans; Rifampin; Russia; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Of 133 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from diphtheria patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, 86% were resistant to greater than or equal to 32 micrograms of tetracycline per ml. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, erythromycin, and kanamycin. The general resistance of C. diphtheriae to tetracycline in this part of Indonesia appears to be unique compared with resistance reported in studies done in other parts of the world.

Topics: Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Indonesia; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Carrier State; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Diphtheria Toxoid; Erythromycin; Humans; Immunity; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Scarlet Fever; Tetracycline; Virulence

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; Child; Child, Preschool; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Erythromycin; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Senegal; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Carrier State; Child; Chlortetracycline; Diphtheria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diphtheria; Erythromycin; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Influenza, Human; Measles; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Scarlet Fever; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tonsillitis; Whooping Cough

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Carrier State; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diphtheria; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Amphotericin B; Child; Diphtheria; Enterovirus Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Otolaryngology; Phosphates; Pneumococcal Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Colistin; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Erythromycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Research; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Biomedical Research; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Communicable Diseases; Cycloserine; Diphtheria; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Influenza, Human; Liver Extracts; Methicillin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Tuberculosis; USSR

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chloramphenicol; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diphtheria; Oleandomycin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diphtheria; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlortetracycline; Diphtheria; Protamines; Tetracycline