tetracycline and Diarrhea--Infantile

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are among the most common bacterial causes of morbidity and mortality in young children. These pathogens are not sought routinely and capacity for their detection is limited in Africa. We investigated the distribution and dissemination of DEC in 126 children paired with their mothers in a Nigerian community.. A total of 861 E. coli were isolated from 126 children with diarrhoea and their mothers. Antimicrobial susceptibility of each isolate was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All the isolates were screened for DEC markers by multiplex PCR. Genetic relatedness of DEC strains was determined by flagellin typing and Insertion element 3 (IS3)-based PCR.. DEC were identified from 35.7% of individuals with the most common pathotype being shiga toxin-producing E. coli (42, 16.7%). Identical pathotypes were found in 13 (10.3%) of the mother-child pairs and in three of these strains from mothers and their children showed identical genetic signatures. Over 90% of DEC isolates were resistant to ampicillin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, streptomycin or trimethoprim, but only 9 (7.2%) were ciprofloxacin resistant. The data suggest that healthy mothers are asymptomatic reservoirs of multiply-resistant strains that are pathogenic in their children and there are instances in which identical strains are found in mother-child pairs.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; DNA Transposable Elements; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Mothers; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Nigeria; Tetracycline; Young Adult

The aetiological role of salmonella in acute diarrhoeal illness in infants aged between 4 weeks and 7 years admitted to the Mosul Paediatric Hospital (North Iraq) was studied. Patients consisted of 63 males and 48 females. Almost all (18) salmonella positive cultures were isolated from patients under 2 years old who comprised 84 (75.6%) of the total sample. A wide variety of species of salmonella were found with Salm. typhimurium and Salm. worthington predominating. Most of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. This study emphasizes the importance of high rates of Salmonella spp. as potential causes of diarrhoeal disease in infancy and children.. The etiologic role of salmonella in acute diarrheal illness in 111 children 4 weeks-7 years of age admitted to North Iraq's Mosul Pediatric Hospital was investigated. 75% of all children with diarrhea were under 2 years of age; 29% of them were under 6 months and 45% were under 18 months. 57% of the children were male; 43% were female. Rectal swab analysis revealed a high rate of isolation of salmonella serotypes in this random sample--17 children (15%). Salmonella typhimurium and worthington predominated. 72% of the salmonella strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and 61% were responsive to tetracycline. The majority of salmonella-positive cultures were isolated from children under 1 year of age. Only 1 child who was solely breastfed was infected with salmonella, confirming the protective role of this infant feeding practice. Since 45% of the children in this study with negative stool cultures for salmonella had been treated for diarrhea and vomiting before admission, it is likely that the rate of salmonella infection in the sample is an underestimate of its true prevalence in this population.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Iraq; Male; Rectum; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Serotyping; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Appendicitis; Appendix; Autopsy; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dysentery; Feces; Female; Humans; Ileum; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Kanamycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Diarrhea, Infantile; Enteritis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Meningitis; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Tooth, Deciduous; Vomiting; Whooping Cough

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Dysentery, Bacillary; Humans; Infant; Neomycin; Polymyxins; Shigella; Streptomycin; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloroquine; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dysentery, Amebic; Emetine; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; New Guinea; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans; Infant; Lymecycline; Lysine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Bismuth; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Lactates; Opium; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tannins; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Boric acid poisoning in 11 infants, occurring in the newborn nursery as a result of the accidental and inadvertent use of 2.5% boric acid in the preparation of the formulae, is reported. Five of the infants died. All except two exhibited the classical symptomatology of acute boric acid poisoning, namely, diarrhea, vomiting, erythema, exfoliation, desquamation of the skin, and marked central nervous system irritation. Early manifestations of poisoning were nonspecific, and one patient died before skin manifestations were noted. Peritoneal dialysis, instituted in nine cases, was found to be the most effective method of treatment. It is recommended that boric acid, which is of doubtful therapeutic value, should be completely removed from hospitals, dispensaries and pharmacopoeias.

Topics: Acidosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Borates; Boric Acids; Color Perception Tests; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Erythema; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Gastric Lavage; Hypernatremia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Peritoneal Dialysis; Phenobarbital; Seizures; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Vomiting

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Barbiturates; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Diet; Diet Therapy; Humans; Infant; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea, Infantile; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epidemiology; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gastroenteritis; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meningitis; Salmonella Infections; Serogroup; Serologic Tests; Shigella; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; West Indies

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Oleandomycin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Sulfadimethoxine; Tetracycline