tetracycline and Dental-Enamel-Hypoplasia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Composite Resins; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Veneers; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration

The aetiological factors in enamel defects of a non-fluoride nature can be divided into systemic and local. The systemic factors comprise a variety of conditions: genetically determined, chromosomal anomalies, congenital defects, inborn errors of metabolism, neonatal disturbances, infectious diseases, neurological disturbances, endocrinopathies, nutritional deficiencies, nephropathies, enteropathies, liver diseases and intoxications. The genetically determined enamel defects include amelogenesis imperfecta, which may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as part of other disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa, pseudohypoparathyroidism and taurodontism. The congenital defects include heart disorders and unilateral facial hypoplasia and hypertrophy. Among the inborn errors of metabolism are: galactosaemia, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, erythropoietic porphyria and primary hyperoxaluria. Neonatal disturbances are important in the development of enamel hypoplasia, foremost among these are premature birth and hypocalcaemia. The latter causes postnatal hypoplasias, which, however, are never seen in breast-fed children. Haemolytic anaemia, mostly in conjunction with erythroblastosis foetalis, may cause enamel hypoplasia. In children with neurological disturbances a rather large number have enamel hypoplasias, and these changes may be a significant aid in neurological diagnosis. When the tetracyclines were introduced, many children had these drugs prescribed in the period when the teeth were undergoing mineralization. The result was a yellow-brown stain of the affected teeth. In recent years, however, there appears to have been a reduction in the incidence of tetracycline staining. As for local causes the most important are traumatic injuries and periapical osteitis of primary teeth.

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Communicable Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Tetracycline

Topics: Bone and Bones; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Collagen; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Fluorescence; Growth; Humans; Neoplasms; Polysaccharides; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Tooth Discoloration

Although porcelain veneer has been proposed as the treatment of choice in cases of severe tooth discoloration, clinicians should consider a multidisciplinary approach when treating complex cases. Clinicians also need to understand the masking ability of veneer restorations.. A 20-year-old woman had severe tooth discoloration, enamel hypoplasia and malocclusion. The patient first underwent orthodontic treatment to correct the dental alignment after the author extracted her hypoplastic first molars. The author then placed porcelain veneers with high-density alumina cores on the patient's maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The restorations were in service for seven years without complications.. and. Managing severe tooth discoloration requires thorough consideration of all patient factors, treatment provided in a logical sequence and the use of porcelain veneers with adequate masking ability.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers; Female; Humans; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Orthodontics, Corrective; Patient Care Team; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

In the developing tooth, the bisphosphonate HEBP causes hypoplasias and hypomineralization of the enamel and dentine as well as inhibition of acellular cementum formation. Here, we describe a novel effect, associated with dentine mineralization. HEBP was administrated to young rats, and the maxillary molars were analyzed histologically. Localized dentinal nodules, protruding towards the pulp, were found in the developing crown of the molars. They occurred in regions, where the mantle dentine was about to mineralize at the time of the injection, and were more frequent at the mesial cusp side. The nodules accumulated mineral, as evidenced by the fluorescence after calcein and tetracyclin labelling. Histologically, the nodules were separated from the enamel by a layer of mantle dentine and were progressively surrounded by predentine and dentine. The nodules were interpreted to contain transport or metabolism intermediates, which were locally accumulated due to the interruption of the mineralization process by HEBP.

Topics: Animals; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentin; Dentinogenesis; Etidronic Acid; Fluoresceins; Indicators and Reagents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minerals; Molar; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Diseases

Tetracycline was used as a marker to study the effect of phosphonoformic acid and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) on the mineralization of the developing dental hard tissues. Groups of young rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of tetracycline and at the same time were injected with a single dose of either phosphonoformic acid or HEBP (10 mg P/kg b.w.). Alternatively, rats were injected with the tetracycline after different time intervals from the phosphonate injection. Rats were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 1 to 4 days. Frozen-sections were obtained at the level of the maxillary first molar and prepared for light and fluorescence microscopy. The results of the present study indicate that the distribution pattern of tetracycline in the developing dental hard tissues is greatly affected by the pathologic changes induced by phosphonoformic acid and HEBP. Both drugs caused similar changes in the pattern of tetracycline uptake in the developing enamel. There seems to be a direct relation between the presence of developmental defects of enamel and the degree of discoloration induced by tetracycline. Aberrations in the mineralization of dentin were caused only by HEBP. As demonstrated by this study, HEBP is capable of inducing a provisional inhibitory effect on dentin mineralization.

Topics: Ameloblasts; Animals; Cysts; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentin; Enamel Organ; Etidronic Acid; Female; Foscarnet; Male; Molar; Odontogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth; Tooth Calcification

Topics: Adult; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Male; Tetracycline

Topics: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration

The prevalence, distribution, and interrelationship between tetracycline discoloration, enamel defects, and dental caries was determined in 86 patients with cystic fibrosis (age 3 to 24 years). The dental caries experience was compared to control subjects matched for sex, race, exposure to optimally fluoridated water, chronologic age, and dental age. The findings indicate a high prevalence of tetracycline discolorations and enamel defects but a significantly reduced dental caries experience in these patients. However, interrelationships between these three factors were not strikingly evident. The presence of an altered oral health status in cystic fibrosis patients and the increased prevalence of this disease due to recent therapeutic and diagnostic advances in its management suggest the need for further familiarization with the dental manifestations of cystic fibrosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Male; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Adolescent; Crowns; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Male; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Child; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Incisor; Radiography; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Densitometry; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentin; Fluorescence; Hardness; Humans; Microradiography; Specific Gravity; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Ameloblasts; Animals; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Incisor; Microradiography; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification

Topics: Calcium; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Tetracycline

Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluoridation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Tetracycline; Tooth; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Supernumerary

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Male; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries Activity Tests; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorescence; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Tetracycline

Topics: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Ameloblasts; Amelogenesis; Animals; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Microradiography; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Adolescent; Australia; Child; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Molar; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Animals; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonatal; Porphyrias; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Apatites; Carbonates; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Child; Crystallization; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Abnormalities

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorescence; Humans; Methods; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Amelogenesis; Animals; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorescence; Incisor; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Microradiography; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Tetracycline

Topics: Birth Injuries; Child; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Dentition; DNA Replication; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Male; Molecular Biology; Odontodysplasia; Odontogenesis; Peptides; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Fluorescence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Pregnancy; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Male; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Child; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentition; Female; Fluorescence; Humans; Infant; Microscopy; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pathology; Pharmacology; Pregnancy; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Tooth; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentition; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines; Tooth; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chelating Agents; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth; Tooth Discoloration; Toxicology

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration