tetracycline and Cystic-Fibrosis

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Anti-Infective Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Diabetes Complications; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemoglobinopathies; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Isoniazid; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Pharmacogenetics; Pregnancy; Tetracycline

In vitro and animal experimental data suggest the combination of edetate sodium (EDTA) by aerosol plus oral antimicrobials might be effective in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). For six months we studied the effects of edetate sodium administered by ultrasonic nebulizer to ten children with CF and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The children had evidence of mild to moderate disease at entry in the study, with a mean (+/- SD) forced expiratory volume in the first second of 85% (+/- 18%) of the predicted value and a mean (+/- SD) Shwachman-Kulczycki score of 83 (+/- 7)/100. Each child was on a three-month regimen of aerosolized edetate sodium plus oral tetracycline twice daily followed by three months of placebo aerosol plus tetracycline or vice versa. Progress was assessed by measurement of pulmonary function, physical examination, and sputum cultures at four weekly intervals, plus chest roentgenograms on entry and after each of the three-month treatment periods. Daily symptoms were assessed using a diary card system. Two patients could not complete the study, one because of severe respiratory relapse, the other because of antibiotic side effects. Of the remaining eight patients, none showed any improvement in pulmonary function, weight gain, or growth acceleration, and none was rendered free of Pseudomonas lung infection. Daily symptom scores and chest roentgenograms were unaltered by edetate sodium. We conclude that the combination of aerosol edetate sodium plus oral tetracycline over a three-month period does not modify the clinical course nor the pulmonary flora in patients with CF with chronic Pseudomonas lung infection.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Aerosols; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edetic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Therapy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Microbes frequently rely on metabolites excreted by other bacterial species, but little is known about how this cross-feeding influences the effect of antibiotics. We hypothesized that when species rely on each other for essential metabolites, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all species will drop to that of the "weakest link"-the species least resistant in monoculture. We tested this hypothesis in an obligate cross-feeding system that was engineered between Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Methylobacterium extorquens. The effect of tetracycline and ampicillin were tested on both liquid and solid media. In all cases, resistant species were inhibited at significantly lower antibiotic concentrations in the cross-feeding community than in monoculture or a competitive community. However, deviation from the "weakest link" hypothesis was also observed in cross-feeding communities apparently as result of changes in the timing of growth and cross-protection. Comparable results were also observed in a clinically relevant system involving facultative cross-feeding between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an anaerobic consortium found in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa was inhibited by lower concentrations of ampicillin when cross-feeding than when grown in isolation. These results suggest that cross-feeding significantly alters tolerance to antibiotics in a variety of systems.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Humans; Methylobacterium extorquens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella enterica; Tetracycline

Burkholderia cenocepacia is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that is a cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Research efforts over the past few decades contributed to our understanding of these infections by identifying virulence factors. However, little is known about how this pathogen adapts to the harsh environment found inside the CF airways, which is characterized by a unique mucus containing high concentrations of inflammatory markers. The current study developed a novel model to further investigate this phenomenon.. Monolayers of human A549 lung carcinoma cells (HLCCs) were exposed to a mixture of artificial CF sputum medium (ASMDM) in tissue culture growth medium, and subsequently infected with B. cenocepacia K56-2 for 24 h. The data showed that this model supported B. cenocepacia growth. In addition, consistent with similar studies using current models such as CF airway tissue samples, HLCC viability was reduced by more than 70 % when grown in 60 % ASMDM and infected with B. cenocepacia compared to mock-infected controls and medium alone. Furthermore, the amount of B. cenocepacia cells associated with the HLCC monolayer was more than 10 times greater in 60 % ASMDM when compared to medium controls.. These findings suggest that HLCC monolayers in 60 % ASMDM serve as a valid alternative to study B. cenocepacia infections in patients with CF, and possibly other chronic diseases of the airways. Furthermore, the results obtained in this study suggest an important role for CF sputum in B. cenocepacia pathogenesis.

Topics: A549 Cells; Burkholderia cenocepacia; Burkholderia Infections; Chronic Disease; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Kartagener Syndrome; Lung Neoplasms; Microbial Viability; Sputum; Tetracycline; Virulence Factors

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in the United States is approximately 25%. Little is known about the relative proportion of hospital- versus community-associated strains or the antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA in different CF centers. We hypothesized that the majority of MRSA isolates obtained from children with CF are those endemic in the hospital and that those associated with community acquisition (SCCmec IV) would be more resistant than typically seen in non-CF MRSA isolates.. We studied MRSA strains from seven pediatric CF centers to determine the clonal distribution based on DNA sequencing of the staphylococcal protein A gene (spa typing), the type of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec), and the proportion of strains with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). Antimicrobial susceptibility to systemic and topical antibiotics was compared between different MRSA types.. We analyzed 277 MRSA isolates from unique patients (mean age 11.15 ± 4.77 years, 55% male). Seventy % of isolates were SCCmec II PVL negative and the remainder SCCmec IV. Overall 17% MRSA strains were PVL positive (all SCCmec IV). Spa typing of 118 isolates showed most of the SCCmec II strains being t002, while SCCmec IV PVL positive isolates were t008, and SCCmec IV PVL negative isolates represented a variety of spa-types. The proportions of SCCmec II strains and spa-types were similar among centers. Overall rates of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4%), tetracycline (7%), tigecycline (0.4%), linezolid (0.4%) as well as fosfomycin (0.4%), fusidic acid (3%), and mupirocin (1%) were low. No strains were resistant to vancomycin. SCCmec II strains had higher rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and clindamycin (P < 0.001) than SCCmec IV strains.. In this U.S. study, most MRSA isolates in the pediatric CF population were SCCmec II PVL negative. Rates of resistance were low, including to older and orally available antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Topics: Acetamides; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bronchoscopy; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cystic Fibrosis; DNA, Bacterial; Exotoxins; Female; Fosfomycin; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Leukocidins; Linezolid; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Molecular Typing; Mupirocin; Oxazolidinones; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Pharynx; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sputum; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcal Protein A; Tetracycline; Tigecycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; United States

To investigate mechanisms of reduced susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Prevotella cultured from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), patients with invasive infection and healthy control subjects and to determine whether genotype can be used to predict phenotypic resistance.. The susceptibility of 157 Prevotella isolates to seven antibiotics was compared, with detection of resistance genes (cfxA-type gene, ermF and tetQ), mutations within the CfxA-type β-lactamase and expression of efflux pumps.. Prevotella isolates positive for a cfxA-type gene had higher MICs of amoxicillin and ceftazidime compared with isolates negative for this gene (P < 0.001). A mutation within the CfxA-type β-lactamase (Y239D) was associated with ceftazidime resistance (P = 0.011). The UK CF isolates were 5.3-fold, 2.7-fold and 5.7-fold more likely to harbour ermF compared with the US CF, UK invasive and UK healthy control isolates, respectively. Higher concentrations of azithromycin (P < 0.001) and clindamycin (P < 0.001) were also required to inhibit the growth of the ermF-positive isolates compared with ermF-negative isolates. Furthermore, tetQ-positive Prevotella isolates had higher MICs of tetracycline (P = 0.001) and doxycycline (P < 0.001) compared with tetQ-negative isolates. Prevotella spp. were also shown, for the first time, to express resistance nodulation division (RND)-type efflux pumps.. This study has demonstrated that Prevotella isolated from various sources harbour a common pool of resistance genes and possess RND-type efflux pumps, which may contribute to tetracycline resistance. The findings indicate that antibiotic resistance is common in Prevotella spp., but the genotypic traits investigated do not reflect phenotypic antibiotic resistance in every instance.

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; beta-Lactamases; Case-Control Studies; Ceftazidime; Cephalosporin Resistance; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Prevotella; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; United Kingdom

Organisms belonging to the Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) are known for their role in pyogenic infections but have recently been implicated as etiological agents of pulmonary exacerbation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The prolonged exposure of CF patients to antibiotics prompted us to investigate the susceptibility profiles of 118 SMG isolates from the airways of CF patients to 12 antibiotics compared to 43 SMG isolates from patients with invasive infections. We found that approximately 60% of all isolates failed to grow using the standard medium for disc diffusion, Mueller-Hinton blood agar (MHBA), so we explored the usefulness of brain heart infusion (BHI) agar for susceptibility testing. Zone-of-inhibition comparisons between BHI and MHBA showed strong correlations for six antibiotics, and interpretations were similar for both medium types. For ceftriaxone and cefepime, both groups of isolates were highly susceptible. Tetracycline resistance levels were comparable between the two groups (22% in CF isolates and 17.4% in invasive isolates). However, more than half of the CF isolates were not susceptible to azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, compared to 11%, 13%, and 6.5% of invasive isolates, respectively. There were 5-fold and 8-fold increased risks of azithromycin and clindamycin resistance, respectively, for the isolates from the airways of CF patients relative to the invasive isolates. Macrolide resistance was strongly linked to chronic azithromycin therapy in CF patients. This study shows that BHI agar is a suitable alternative for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the SMG and that SMG isolates from the airways of CF patients are more resistant to macrolides and clindamycin than strains isolated from patients with invasive infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Clindamycin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Macrolides; Streptococcus milleri Group; Tetracycline

The chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is characterized by the biofilm mode of growth and chronic inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). A high percentage of P. aeruginosa strains show high frequencies of mutations (hypermutators [HP]). P. aeruginosa is exposed to oxygen radicals, both those generated by its own metabolism and especially those released by a large number of PMNs in response to the chronic CF lung infection. Our work therefore focused on the role of the DNA oxidative repair system in the development of HP and antibiotic resistance. We have constructed and characterized mutT, mutY, and mutM mutants in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. The mutT and mutY mutants showed 28- and 7.5-fold increases in mutation frequencies, respectively, over that for PAO1. These mutators had more oxidative DNA damage (higher levels of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine) than PAO1 after exposure to PMNs, and they developed resistance to antibiotics more frequently. The mechanisms of resistance were increased beta-lactamase production and overexpression of the MexCD-OprJ efflux-pump. Mutations in either the mutT or the mutY gene were found in resistant HP clinical isolates from patients with CF, and complementation with wild-type genes reverted the phenotype. In conclusion, oxidative stress might be involved in the development of resistance to antibiotics. We therefore suggest the possible use of antioxidants for CF patients to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; DNA Repair; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Neutrophil Activation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cystic fibrosis isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) have demonstrated a propensity to associate intimately with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mixed community biofilms, which may impact on their overall pathogenicity during infection of the lungs in cystic fibrosis. Here, we describe the construction and use of novel green and red fluorescent protein expression vectors suitable for labeling biofilm cells of multi-resistant clinical isolates of the BCC for microscopic analysis of both single species biofilms and mixed community associations with P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing established that tetracycline and/or trimethoprim were suitable selective agents for widespread use in BCC. The green and red fluorescent protein genes, driven by constitutively active promoters, were cloned into two mobilizable plasmids pBBR1MCS-3 and pBBR1Tp, carrying tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance cassettes, respectively. The fluorescence of transformed BCC and P. aeruginosa planktonic cells was detectable using fluorescence microscopy and/or fluorometry. The plasmids were stable in the absence of selection for at least 3 days in planktonic and biofilm cultures, and fluorescence was still visible in a 4-day glass coverslip flow cell biofilm. The plasmids functioned well to distinguish the two species in a mixed community biofilm, with no indications of plasmid transfer between species or cross-talk of the fluorescent signals. These vectors represent the first green and red fluorescent vectors to be constructed and analyzed specifically for wide spread use in BCC and P. aeruginosa single and mixed biofilm cultures.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Burkholderia cepacia complex; Cystic Fibrosis; Genetic Vectors; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Luminescent Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Plasmids; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

We developed an epithelium-specific, inducible cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression system. In this system we used a human cytokeratin 18 expression cassette to drive epithelium-specific expression of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA), which turns on CFTR expression from a Tet-inducible promoter in the presence of doxycycline. CFTR expression was monitored by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining, and Western blotting. We confirmed that protein expression was dose-dependent in double stable transfected cell lines, with no detectable protein in the absence of doxycycline. However, low levels of CFTR mRNA could be detected in the uninduced state. When clones capable of inducing high levels of CFTR expression were analyzed, we observed a decrease in cell proliferation, consistent with reports in other cell lines (NIH3T3 and BTS). We generated transgenic mice expressing rtTA from the K18 expression cassette and demonstrated that the system retained its tissue specificity for lacZ reporter expression in vivo. When mice were induced with doxycycline, high levels of expression were found in the trachea, upper bronchi, and submucosal glands. Therefore, this inducible system can improve our understanding of the role of CFTR in the lung and should help in the design of safe and effective CF therapies.

Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Blotting, Western; Bronchi; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; COS Cells; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxycycline; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Keratins; Lung; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Plasmids; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Transcriptional Activation; Transfection

Despite their frequent use in the treatment of chronic lung disease, the effect of antibiotics on the airway mucosa has not been defined. We have assessed the effect of a number of antibiotics on the ion transport processes of airway epithelia. Initial evaluation performed on sheep tracheal epithelium in vitro demonstrated that trimethoprim and tetracycline induced a rapid decrease in electrogenic ion transport. These responses were fully reversible, mediated through the mucosal surface, and reduced by amiloride pretreatment, suggesting inhibition of Na+ absorption. Serosal application of erythromycin produced a gradual decrease in short-circuit current, whereas other antibiotics (ampicillin, ceftazidime, colistin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole) caused no significant change within 30 min of addition. In healthy human volunteers, trimethoprim and tetracycline induced a rapid decrease in nasal potential difference, which was attenuated by amiloride pretreatment. In subjects with cystic fibrosis, who exhibit increased Na+ absorption across respiratory epithelia, the responses to trimethoprim and tetracycline were enhanced, providing further evidence that these drugs inhibit Na+ absorption. In conclusion, this study has identified two antibacterial agents that also reduce the Na+ absorption found in CF. These drugs may offer combined effects for the treatment of CF.

Topics: Absorption; Adult; Amiloride; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Diuretics; Epithelium; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Transport; Male; Membrane Potentials; Nasal Mucosa; Sheep; Sodium; Tetracycline; Trachea; Trimethoprim

Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to mupirocin (MIC > 4000 mg l-1) were recovered from children and staff at a school for children with eczema and/or asthma or cystic fibrosis after mupirocin had been used to treat eczematous lesions. At least three distinct strains of S. aureus were involved and resistance was shown to be due in most isolates to a transmissible plasmid. The need for monitoring the extended use of this valuable antibiotic is emphasized.

Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Eczema; Female; Humans; Male; Mupirocin; Plasmids; Schools; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

This study analyzes Zn concentration levels in teeth from children with and without cystic fibrosis with respect to different variables, namely: gender, age, type of teeth, area, fluoridation of water supply, term of pregnancy, maternal smoking habit, and maternal drinking habit. The method of analysis is proton-induced X-ray emission on crown samples. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) studies on some of these samples show close correlation to the PIXE data. In general, the concentration level of zinc in teeth of children greater than 10 years old is less than the concentration level in teeth of children aged 10 years or younger for children who took nontetracycline antibiotics. Breast feeding-mixed feeding-bottle feeding show no significant difference in the zinc concentration in teeth.

Topics: Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; New Jersey; Reference Values; Rural Population; Sex Characteristics; Software; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Tetracycline; Tooth, Deciduous; Urban Population; Zinc

We reviewed the records of all patients with cystic fibrosis and radiologically demonstrated pneumothorax at Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital between 1959 and 1987. There occurred 144 pneumothoraces, 71 right and 73 left, in 99 patients, 48 female and 51 male. The median survival from the date of the first pneumothorax was 29.9 months. Primary therapy included the following: observation; tube thoracostomy; tube thoracostomy with instillation of quinacrine hydrochloride, tetracycline, silver nitrate, or talc; or partial pleurectomy. Complications were minimal in each group. The surgical group did significantly better than all other groups except the group given talc. We conclude that pneumothorax is a late and ominous complication of cystic fibrosis. The primary treatment of pneumothorax should be partial pleurectomy. Talc instillation should be reserved for patients in respiratory failure who are too ill to undergo operation and for the occasional patient in whom surgical intervention fails.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Male; Pleura; Pneumothorax; Quinacrine; Silver Nitrate; Talc; Tetracycline; Thoracostomy; Tissue Adhesions

Topics: Animals; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Rats; Tetracycline; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration

We reviewed our experience over the past 12 years to determine the best method of management, to determine the morbidity and the physiologic outcome of medical vs surgical treatment of pneumothorax complicating CF, and to assess the influence of age, sex, and Shwachman scores on survival. Sixty-five patients, ages ranging from 5 to 32 years (mean 18 years). Shwachman scores ranging from 25 to 87 (mean 57), and a male-female ratio of 1:1, experienced 170 pneumothoraces, 93 first episodes, and 77 recurrences, requiring 211 trials of management. All methods of management except needle aspiration resulted in a fair rate of resolution (70 to 100%), but recurrence rates were high for observation (60%), needle aspiration (79%), trocar thoracotomy (63%), tetracycline sclerosis (86%), and silver nitrate sclerosis (43%). The recurrence rates were 12.5% for quinacrine sclerosis and 0% for parietal pleurectomy. Quinacrine sclerosis and parietal pleurectomy were the most effective methods of management. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function before pneumothorax and after pleural sclerosis or parietal pleurectomy. Age, sex, and severity of pulmonary disease were all independent variables influencing prognosis. Severity of disease, rather than the occurrence of a pneumothorax, appears to be the major cause of death. We recommend that quinacrine sclerosis should be considered for management of the first pneumothorax, and parietal pleurectomy if it fails.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Intubation; Male; Pleura; Pneumothorax; Quinacrine; Respiratory Function Tests; Retrospective Studies; Sclerosing Solutions; Silver Nitrate; Suction; Tetracycline

The prevalence, distribution, and interrelationship between tetracycline discoloration, enamel defects, and dental caries was determined in 86 patients with cystic fibrosis (age 3 to 24 years). The dental caries experience was compared to control subjects matched for sex, race, exposure to optimally fluoridated water, chronologic age, and dental age. The findings indicate a high prevalence of tetracycline discolorations and enamel defects but a significantly reduced dental caries experience in these patients. However, interrelationships between these three factors were not strikingly evident. The presence of an altered oral health status in cystic fibrosis patients and the increased prevalence of this disease due to recent therapeutic and diagnostic advances in its management suggest the need for further familiarization with the dental manifestations of cystic fibrosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Female; Humans; Male; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis were studied in an effort to determine the unique characteristics of the infecting strains and to elucidate the pattern of colonization. Of 413 patients studied, 81% were chronically infected with P. aeruginosa. Patients from whom P. aeruginosa was never or only occasionally isolated were in better clinical condition than the chronically infected patients. Isolates were classified into six morphologic varieties: classic, rough, mucoid, gelatinous, dwarf, and enterobacter. Most patients had two or more of these varieties. Such multiple varieties from the same individual were of the same serotype but often differed in antibiotic susceptibility as determined by both the disk and the minimal inhibitory concentration methods. These differences were apparent when mucoid strains were compared with nonmucoid strains and when nonmucoid strains were compared with one another. Studies of antibiotic susceptibility should be performed on each morphologically different type of P. aeruginosa obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbenicillin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetracycline; Ticarcillin; Time Factors; Tobramycin

Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Fluorescence; Humans; Photography; Probability; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Atrophy; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dwarfism; Humans; Male; Photosensitivity Disorders; Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cloxacillin; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Lincomycin; Male; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Alanine Transaminase; Ampicillin; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Cell Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Colistin; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Synergism; Gentamicins; Humans; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sputum; Tetracycline

The differential attraction in vitro of antibiotics to blood lymphocytes and salivary glycoprotein was studied in an attempt to determine the distribution of antibiotics in sputum. Results from studies in vivo on sputum antibiotic levels are also presented.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cloxacillin; Cystic Fibrosis; Gentamicins; Glycoproteins; Lymphocytes; Penicillins; Saliva; Sputum; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chymotrypsin; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Trypsin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Blood Sedimentation; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocyte Count; Lung Diseases; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Cystic Fibrosis; Dental Caries; Female; Fluorescence; Humans; Incisor; Male; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Adult; Bronchopneumonia; Chloramphenicol; Cystic Fibrosis; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Fluorescence; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Cysteine; Cystic Fibrosis; Erythromycin; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Fluorescence; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Chromatography; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Fatty Acids; Humans; Kanamycin; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Sputum; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Ileus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Secretions; Meconium; Pancreatic Extracts; Pathology; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biometry; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Research; Statistics as Topic; Tetracycline; Tooth; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Tetracycline; Tooth

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Meconium; Neomycin; Nursing; Pancreatic Extracts; Physical Therapy Modalities; Tetracycline