tetracycline and Conjunctivitis

In many countries the statutory use of silver nitrate prophylaxis as soon as possible after birth has recently been reviewed from both a human rights and a medical standpoint. It has been argued that silver nitrate does not prevent all cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) and that it causes chemical conjunctivitis, pain and visual impairment, which may interfere with parent-infant bonding. Furthermore, the low incidence of GON, better methods of prenatal diagnosis, and the availability of suitable alternative prophylactic medication and of effective methods of treatment of GON have prompted recommendations that alternative prophylaxis be legally allowed or that mandatory prophylaxis be eliminated altogether. This paper reviews the situation and provides updated recommendations.

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Gonorrhea; History, 20th Century; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Legislation, Medical; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Sweden; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Equivalency; Wisconsin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blepharitis; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Cortisone; Eye Diseases; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Iritis; Kanamycin; Ophthalmic Solutions; Polymyxins; Rabbits; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

To evaluate the efficacy of povidone iodine solution 2.5% and tetracycline ointment 1% in prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON).. Prospective, randomized, controlled observational study.. Three-hundred ninety-four full-term neonates.. A randomized comparison between 201 neonates randomly treated with povidone iodine 2.5% solution and 193 treated with tetracycline 1% ointment.. Incidence of ON.. The incidence of ON was significantly higher after povidone iodine than tetracycline prophylaxis (15.4% and 5.2% respectively; P = 0.001). Noninfective ON developed in 10 (5%) of the 201 neonates treated with povidone iodine and in none (0%) of the neonates treated with tetracycline (P = .002). Infective ON was detected in 21 (10.4%) of the neonates treated with povidone iodine and in 10 (5.2%) after treatment with tetracycline (P = .052). Ophthalmia neonatorum appeared more commonly in the first 3 days after treatment with povidone iodine (P = .043). The spectrum of the infective isolates was similar in the 2 groups.. Povidone iodine was associated with noninfective (sterile) conjunctivitis, probably because of its toxicity to the ocular surface in neonates. Tetracycline was marginally more effective against infective ON. For these reasons, tetracycline, rather than povidone iodine, is recommended for prevention of ON.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Male; Ointments; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Povidone-Iodine; Prospective Studies; Solutions; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Boric Acids; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; Drug Evaluation; Erythromycin; Haemophilus; Humans; Moraxella; Neisseria; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Tunisia

Topics: Albuminuria; Anemia; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fever; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Leukopenia; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Military Medicine; Recurrence; Scrub Typhus; Skin Ulcer; Splenomegaly; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conjunctivitis; Environmental Health; Female; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Placebos; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Adult; Animals; Black or African American; Chick Embryo; Chlamydia; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Fixation Tests; Conjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Ethnology; Eye Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histological Techniques; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Virus Cultivation; White People

Topics: Adult; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anura; Bodily Secretions; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Male; Mexico; Skin; Tetracycline; Young Adult

In my office I occasionally see neonates with conjunctivitis. What are the current recommendations for ocular prophylaxis at birth? Do topical antibiotics alone provide adequate treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis? When is systemic therapy indicated?. All infants should receive ocular prophylaxis at birth to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia. Neonates presenting with signs of conjunctivitis should have a conjunctival swab sent for Gram stain and culture. If Gram-negative diplococci are present on the Gram stain results, the infants and their parents should be treated immediately for presumed gonorrhea. Infants with chlamydial infection should be treated with oral antibiotics. Most of all other forms of bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with topical antibiotics, with the exception of Pseudomonas infection. Infants should be followed during their treatment and upon completion of therapy to ensure resolution of symptoms. For cases in which sexually transmitted bacteria are implicated, the mothers and their sexual partners should be treated.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Conjunctivitis; Dexamethasone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Functional Laterality; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Ofloxacin; Tetracycline; Visual Acuity

Twenty seven Chlamydia trachomatis isolates from patients of conjunctivitis were tested for their in vitro sensitivities to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in cyclohexamide treated McCoy cells on cover slip (shell vial) cultures. After a 48 h exposure of chlamydia infected monolayers to varying concentrations of each of the drugs, the cover slips were processed and stained for detection of major out membrane protein of C. trachomatis by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) using fluorescein conjugated monoclonal. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC90) of ciprofloxacin were 2.9 micrograms/ml and 5.7 micrograms/ml and for tetracycline 9.1 micrograms/ml and 18.0 micrograms/ml respectively. Ciprofloxacin may have a more promising role in treating chlamydial conjunctivitis than the commonly used tetracycline.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Ciprofloxacin; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

Topics: Blepharitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline

Two cases of follicular conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis followed by punctate epithelial keratitis are described. Both cases were initially treated with either oral tetracycline or doxycycline with resolution of the follicles. These two patients subsequently had recurrent, bilateral grayish lesions at various levels in the corneal epithelium that stained in a punctate fashion with fluorescein. There was anterior stromal edema associated with some of these lesions in one case. The lesions were confined mostly to the central cornea. These recurrent lesions were unassociated with a conjunctival reaction, were unresponsive to oral tetracycline, but were exquisitely responsive to low doses of topical steroids. Chlamydial conjunctivitis and the associated keratitis typically shows no response or actual exacerbation of symptoms with topical steroids, and the keratitis shows a predilection for the upper half of the cornea. These patients demonstrate that chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis might result in a clinical appearance consistent with Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctivitis; Doxycycline; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Tetracycline

In 58 patients with chronic conjunctivitis of greater than two weeks' duration, examination included obtaining an ocular and general medical history and performing a complete ophthalmic examination of the external eye. Conjunctival smears were obtained for Gram and Giemsa staining, direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining for Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus, and chlamydial culture. Cultures for bacteria and viruses were obtained in 33 patients. The cause of the chronic conjunctivitis based on clinical and laboratory criteria was established in 40 of 58 (69%) patients: chlamydia, 11 (19%); virus, eight (14%); irritant, six (10%); allergen, four (7%); contact lens, four (7%); bacteria, four (7%); acne rosacea, two (3%); and floppy eyelid syndrome, one (2%). In 18 of 58 (31%) patients, no specific cause was detected. We recommend a systematic approach in the investigation of chronic conjunctivitis. Direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining is an effective and rapid technique for detecting chronic chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chronic Disease; Conjunctivitis; Contact Lenses; Cromolyn Sodium; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fluorometholone; Humans; Keratitis, Dendritic; Male; Prospective Studies; Simplexvirus; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tetracycline

The incidence of Lyme disease has been increasing at alarming rates in recent years. Being the most commonly reported tickborne bacterial disease in the United States, it now outnumbers Rocky Mountain spotted fever by a ratio of almost 2:1. It is a multisystem illness and can manifest itself with dermatologic, neurologic, cardiac and rheumatologic involvement. The ocular complications of Lyme disease can present as one of the more ominous signs during the course of the illness. The detection of the disease and proper referral by the optometrist may permit more appropriate treatment, and thus, a better prognosis of the illness.

Topics: Bites and Stings; Borrelia Infections; Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Humans; Keratitis; Lyme Disease; Optic Nerve Diseases; Papilledema; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Uveitis

This study presents data from a prospective comparison of four currently available diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Seventy-six patients clinically suspicious for chlamydial conjunctivitis were all tested with Giemsa stain cytology, direct monoclonal fluorescent antibody (DFA) microscopy, enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) for chlamydial antigens, and standard McCoy cell culture. When compared with primary cell culture, diagnostic Giemsa inclusions had a sensitivity and specificity of 43 and 100%, respectively, supportive Giemsa cytology 71 and 67%, the enzyme immunoassay 71 and 97%, and the monoclonal fluorescent antibody 57 and 81%. Each nonculture method has distinct advantages in terms of cost, technical difficulty, speed, and accuracy, which dictate selection of the most appropriate test for office or laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Topics: Adult; Azure Stains; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctivitis; False Positive Reactions; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunologic Tests; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlamydia trachomatis; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Trachoma

A high incidence of pharyngeal infection was found in babies with isolation-positive chlamydial conjunctivitis. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the pharynx of 12 (52%) of 23 babies before treatment, and was reisolated from the eyes of 4 (12%) of 34 and from the pharynx of 14 (41%) of 34 after treatment. C trachomatis was reisolated significantly more often from babies treated only with topical tetracycline for 4 weeks (75%) than from those treated with both topical tetracycline and oral erythromycin for 2 weeks (32%). Reisolation from the eyes was associated with only minor clinical signs. Radiological signs of an inflammatory lesion in the chest were found in 2 of 8 babies examined because of persistent cough. These signs were not associated with high or rising titres of serum chlamydial antibody.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Conjunctivitis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Gentamicins; Humans; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Uganda

We obtained cultures for bacteria and chlamydiae from 100 infants with conjunctivitis that began during the first month of life. Sixty-nine infants were evaluated during well-child visits (group A); 31 were seen specifically for the ocular discharge (group B). Potentially pathogenic bacteria, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus, were cultured from one third of the infants in each group. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from three infants (4%) in group A and from ten (32%) in group B. Three infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis (two in group A, one in group B) had only mild inflammation. Initial treatment with topical antibiotics was unsuccessful in eliminating the organism from seven of 11 infants.

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Erythromycin; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfisoxazole; Tetracycline

In many cases gonorrhea is overlooked and not treated due to an unusual course of the disease. The longer this infection exists the greater is the danger of dissemination of the gonococci. Gonorrhea, if not diagnosed, may cause a series of local and general clinical manifestations, such as: the dermatitis-arthritis syndrome whose pathogenesis is not yet completely clarified: the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome which is often seen in females with chronic gonococcal adnexitis;gonococcal pharyngitis which nowadays occurs more often due to less conventional sexual practices of contemporary society; gonococcal conjunctivitis which represents the best known extragenital gonococcosis. This paper deals with the clinical manifestations and their treatment.

Topics: Adult; Arthritis; Conjunctivitis; Dermatitis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Penicillins; Pharyngitis; Prognosis; Sepsis; Spectinomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Combinations; Framycetin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Sulfanilamides; Tetracycline; Yemen

Topics: Acute Disease; Asia, Western; Blindness; Conjunctivitis; Diptera; Disease Models, Animal; Doxycycline; Endophthalmitis; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Insect Control; Tetracycline; Trachoma

An 11-year-old girl had hyperacute conjunctivitis but was lost to follow-up until nine days later when she returned with a corneal perforation and iris prolapse. A smear at that time showed Gram-negative intracellular diplococci, but subsequent bacteriological study revealed the causative organism to be Mima polymorpha. This apparently is the first documented case of corneal perforation due to Mimeae, and emphasizes that Mimeae can be completely indistinguishable, clinically and on smear, from infection caused by Neisseria. Only a high index of suspicion and the proper bacterial cultures can prevent a possible tragic misdiagnosis.

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Child; Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Iris; Keratitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Tetracycline

Topics: Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Complement Fixation Tests; Conjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Erythromycin; Eye Diseases; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Sulfacetamide; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Antibodies; Blood Sedimentation; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Conjunctivitis; Erythrocytes; Fever; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Leptospira; Leptospira interrogans; Leptospirosis; Leukocyte Count; Male; Meningitis; Military Medicine; Muscular Diseases; Serotyping; Tetracycline; United States; Vietnam

Topics: Chlamydia; Conjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Drug Combinations; Eye Diseases; Humans; Ointments; Oleandomycin; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blindness; Cataract; Communicable Disease Control; Conjunctivitis; Egypt; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Retinal Diseases; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Aqueous Humor; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Eye Diseases; Humans; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Uveitis

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Contact Lenses; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diffusion; Eye Diseases; Humans; Keratitis; Methods; Spectrophotometry; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Conjunctivitis; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Neutrophils; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pasteurella Infections; Plasma Cells; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Zoonoses

Topics: Adult; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Pneumonia; Tetracycline; Zoonoses

Topics: Conjunctivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosyphilis; Penicillins; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Conjunctivitis; Cornea; Eye Diseases; Ointments; Oleandomycin; Ophthalmic Solutions; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Antibodies; Conjunctivitis; Gingiva; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Humans; Lip; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Oral Manifestations; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Zoonoses

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Culture Media; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Fungi; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctivitis; Cosmetics; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Ointments; Rural Health; Sex Factors; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Mycoplasma strains (B1, B2, CS, and S1A) were isolated from the saliva of normal cats. These were compared with a strain (CO) isolated from the eye of a cat with severe conjunctivitis. On the basis of morphology, biochemical reactions, and antigenic composition, two distinct species were recognizable. Strains CO, B1, and B2 were antigenically unrelated to the other species tested; strains CS and S1A possessed antigenic components in common with Mycoplasma arthritidis, M. salivarium, M. hominis, type 1, and M. orale, types 1 and 2. It was tentatively suggested that the two cat species be called M. felis and M. gateae, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Conjunctivitis; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Erythromycin; Hemolysis; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Lincomycin; Mycoplasma; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Rats; Saliva; Tetracycline

Topics: Acinetobacter; Adolescent; Bacillus; Conjunctivitis; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Female; Fungi; Haemophilus; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Moraxella; Neisseria; Nocardia; Ophthalmic Solutions; Seasons; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trachoma; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctivitis; Delayed-Action Preparations; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Tajikistan; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Chlamydia; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neomycin; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Conjunctivitis; Female; Humans; Hungary; Skin Tests; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Tularemia

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomedical Research; Child; Conjunctivitis; Drug Therapy; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Animals; Bacitracin; Chlamydia; Chlamydophila psittaci; Complement Fixation Tests; Conjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Guinea Pigs; Pharmacology; Psittacosis; Research; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline; Tissue Culture Techniques; Trachoma; Virus Cultivation

Topics: Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Aqueous Humor; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctivitis; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endophthalmitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Helminthiasis; Keratitis; Keratitis, Dendritic; Lens, Crystalline; Manometry; Mycoses; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Virus Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Biomedical Research; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Feces; Humans; India; Infant, Newborn; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Penicillin G; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Research; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Asthma; Conjunctivitis; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy; Female; Headache; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Influenza Vaccines; Nasal Polyps; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Smallpox Vaccine; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urticaria; Vertigo

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis; Oleandomycin; Penicillins; Spinal Puncture; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Vaccines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjunctivitis; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bartholin's Glands; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Ethylenediamines; Female; France; Gonorrhea; Humans; Imidazoles; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Procaine; Spiramycin; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Infections; Urethritis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Conjunctivitis; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Pneumococcal Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjunctivitis; Dacryocystitis; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Iritis; Keratoconjunctivitis; Nitrates; Panophthalmitis; Penicillins; Proteus; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trachoma