tetracycline and Conjunctivitis--Bacterial

Topics: 4-Quinolones; Anti-Infective Agents; Cephalosporins; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G; Tetracycline; Urethritis; Uterine Cervicitis

Major outer membrane protein sequences, determined from Chlamydia-positive eye swab samples collected in 2 Egyptian villages, were used to analyze the epidemiology of trachoma in an endemic setting. Samples were collected during the 1999 Azithromycin in Control of Trachoma trial, in which residents of villages were mass treated with either oral azithromycin or topical tetracycline and were followed up for nearly 2 years. Three genovar families (A, Ba, and C) and 12 genovars were detected, with 2 genovars (A1 and Ba1) comprising almost 75% of the samples. The presence of >1 genovar within households was common, with > or =24% of households having >1 genovar. Evidence consistent with reinfection and persistence as mechanisms of communitywide continued presence of trachoma was provided by data for individuals infected with rare genovars.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rural Population; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tetracycline

With the emergence of chlamydia as a major cause of neonatal conjunctivitis, silver nitrate is no longer the prophylactic agent of choice in many parts of the world. We studied 450 consecutive newborns in north-eastern Zaire in an effort to determine which of two agents provided the most effective prophylaxis. None of 236 newborns treated at birth with 1% silver nitrate and none of 123 treated with 1% tetracycline was found to develop conjunctivitis. Three of 91 "forgotten" babies developed gonococcal conjunctivitis. Nurses, thinking tetracycline was "messy", tended to "forget" to treat babies for whom tetracycline was prescribed. The use of silver nitrate still provides adequate prophylaxis in Zaire. Potential changes in the prophylactic regimen would need to take the perceptions of health care workers into account.

Topics: Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Tetracycline

An outbreak of chlamydiosis was diagnosed in hatchling and juvenile Indopacific crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) on a crocodile farm in Papua New Guinea. The outbreak was characterised by high mortality with hepatitis and exudative conjunctivitis. The agent appears to have been introduced with live wild-caught crocodiles, which are purchased routinely by the farm. Improved quarantine procedures and treatment with tetracycline led to a rapid reduction of losses on the farm.

Topics: Alligators and Crocodiles; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Disease Outbreaks; Eggs; Female; Hepatitis, Animal; Male; Papua New Guinea; Quarantine; Tetracycline

Conjunctival swabs taken from a two-month-old kitten showing ocular discharge were found to be positive for Chlamydophila felis by PCR and isolation. The cat was treated with topical 1% tetracycline ophthalmic ointment twice a day for 60 days. At the end of the treatment, the cat showed no ocular signs and conjunctival swabs resulted PCR and isolation negative for C. felis. Forty days later, the ocular discharge recurred and C. felis was isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from both the cat's eyes. Twenty days of doxycycline systemic treatment at 10 mg/kg once daily was started. The treatment resulted in a complete clinical recovery after a few days. C. felis was not isolated or amplified on the 10th day after beginning the treatment. The cat's conjunctival swabs were also PCR and isolation negative on the 10th, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th and 240th days after the end of therapy.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cats; Chlamydophila; Chlamydophila Infections; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Doxycycline; Exudates and Transudates; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetracycline

Topics: Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Tetracycline; Trachoma

From November, 1989, to October, 1991, 4544 neonates were born at our hospital. Neonatal ocular prophylaxis immediately after birth was used with 1% tetracycline ophthalmic ointment in 1156 neonates, 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment in 1163 neonates and 1% silver nitrate drops in 1082 neonates. No prophylaxis for neonatal conjunctivitis was given to 1143 neonates. A total of 302 infants (6.7%) developed conjunctivitis during the first 4 weeks of life. Between December, 1991, and January, 1992, 425 neonates were born at our hospital and all were given 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment twice in the first 24 hours after birth for ocular prophylaxis. Thirty-one (7.3%) infants developed conjunctivitis during the neonatal period. The incidence rates of neonatal chlamydial conjuctivitis in the tetracycline, erythromycin, silver nitrate, no prophylaxis and erythromycin twice groups were 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.6 and 1.4%, respectively. We conclude that neonatal ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin (one or two doses) or tetracycline or silver nitrate does not significantly reduce the incidence of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis compared with that in those given no prophylaxis.

Topics: Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ointments; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Ophthalmic Solutions; Silver Nitrate; Tetracycline

Topics: Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Erythromycin; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pregnancy; Silver Nitrate; Tetracycline

Gonococcal conjunctivitis in adults is rare; however, over the past two years there have been reports of cases from the military and an outbreak of ten cases in Miami, where urine was used as therapy for hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Reported here is the case of a sixteen-year-old female who developed hemorrhagic conjunctivitis that grew Neisseria gonorrhoeae. With the increase in sexual activity at younger ages, gonococcal conjunctivitis may become more prevalent in this age group.

Topics: Adolescent; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gonorrhea; Hemorrhage; Humans; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Penicillin G Procaine; Tetracycline