tetracycline and Communicable-Diseases

Tetracyclines have been used for treatment of a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections since the 1950s. In addition to being effective against traditional bacteria, tetracyclines have been used to treat infections due to intracellular chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites and a variety of noninfectious conditions. They are important for treatment of and prophylaxis against infections with bacteria that could be used in biological weapons. Bacterial resistance to tetracycline was identified shortly after the introduction of therapy. At present, tetracycline resistance in bacteria can occur by acquisition of >or=1 of the 36 different genes, by mutations to host efflux pumps or in their 16S rRNA sequences, or by alteration in the permeability of the cell. In contrast, tetracycline resistance has not yet been described in protozoa or other eukaryotic organisms.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Communicable Diseases; DNA Transposable Elements; Eukaryota; Forecasting; Fungi; Humans; Mutation; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance

The aetiological factors in enamel defects of a non-fluoride nature can be divided into systemic and local. The systemic factors comprise a variety of conditions: genetically determined, chromosomal anomalies, congenital defects, inborn errors of metabolism, neonatal disturbances, infectious diseases, neurological disturbances, endocrinopathies, nutritional deficiencies, nephropathies, enteropathies, liver diseases and intoxications. The genetically determined enamel defects include amelogenesis imperfecta, which may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as part of other disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa, pseudohypoparathyroidism and taurodontism. The congenital defects include heart disorders and unilateral facial hypoplasia and hypertrophy. Among the inborn errors of metabolism are: galactosaemia, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, erythropoietic porphyria and primary hyperoxaluria. Neonatal disturbances are important in the development of enamel hypoplasia, foremost among these are premature birth and hypocalcaemia. The latter causes postnatal hypoplasias, which, however, are never seen in breast-fed children. Haemolytic anaemia, mostly in conjunction with erythroblastosis foetalis, may cause enamel hypoplasia. In children with neurological disturbances a rather large number have enamel hypoplasias, and these changes may be a significant aid in neurological diagnosis. When the tetracyclines were introduced, many children had these drugs prescribed in the period when the teeth were undergoing mineralization. The result was a yellow-brown stain of the affected teeth. In recent years, however, there appears to have been a reduction in the incidence of tetracycline staining. As for local causes the most important are traumatic injuries and periapical osteitis of primary teeth.

Topics: Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Communicable Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Tetracycline

Current interest in tetracycline staining of teeth and other enamel defects led to this review. In the handicapped child structural defects that were seen in the dental enamel may provide a most accurate etiological clue. The method of determining the time of insult is described. Comments are made on seven states in which enamel dysplasia may be frequently observed. A simple means of identifying tetracycline pigment incorporated in dental enamel is outlined. Bilirubin staining of teeth is also shown and warnings are given about the indelible nature of these pigments.

Topics: Avitaminosis; Bilirubin; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Communicable Diseases; Dental Calculus; Dental Enamel; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Kernicterus; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Molar; Pigmentation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Tetracycline; Tooth, Deciduous

Methicillin-resistant. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2016-December 2021 on patients at eleven ISPED-group hospitals.. From 2016-2021, a total of 13024 MRSA isolates were obtained from children. The most common age group for patients with MRSA infection was less than 3 years old, and newborns were an important group affected by MRSA infection. MRSA was most commonly isolated from the lower respiratory, an abscess, a secretion, or blood in neonates and from the lower respiratory, an abscess, or the upper respiratory in non-neonates. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid and resistant to penicillin; additionally, 76.88%, 54.97%, 22.30%, 5.67%, 5.14%, 3.63%, and 1.42% were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (TMP-SMX), gentamicin, and rifampin, respectively. Between 2016 and 2021, a significant increase was seen in the levofloxacin- and TMP-SMX-resistance rates (from 5.45% to 7.14% and from 4.67% to 6.50%, respectively) among MRSA isolates, along with a significant decrease in the rates of resistance to erythromycin (from 82.61% to 68.08%), clindamycin (from 60.95% to 46.82%), tetracycline (from 25.37% to 17.13%), gentamicin (from 4.53% to 2.82%), and rifampin (from 1.89% to 0.41%).. The antibiotic-resistance rates varied among MRSA isolated from different sources. Because of the high antibiotic resistance rate to clindamycin, this antibiotic is not recommended for empirical treatment of MRSA infections, especially in osteomyelitis.

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Communicable Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Levofloxacin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

The aim: This study was undertaken to identify antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Typhi in specimens of gall bladder tissue after cholecystectomy.. Materials and methods: Salmonella Typhi identification from the isolates have been depended on morphology of the colony and biochemical tests as a first step in identification while final identification has been achieved by the automated VITEK-2 compact system then PCR technique.. Results: Depending to finding via the VITEK tests and PCR technique and thirty-five Salmonella Typhi sample have been obtained. This research shown that about 35 (70%) positive result contains, 12 (34.3%) isolates was positive from stool and 23(65.7%) from gall bladder tissue. The results revealed difference in S. Typhi resistance to some antibiotics, where S. Typhi has wide-ranging sensitivity: 35 (100%) to Cefepime, Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin and revealed great sensitivity 22 (62.8%) to Ampicillin. S. Typhi isolates proved extremely resistant 19 (54.2%) and 25 (71.4%) to Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol respectively. Increment in the rate of Salmonella that has multidrug resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, furazolidonecotrimoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline is a developing problem and worldwide worry matte.. Conclusions: Resistant forms of Salmonella enteric serotype Typhi were detected with increment in the rate of multidrug resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline so currently, Cefepime, Cefixime and Ciprofloxacin and revealed great sensitivity and have become the mainstay of treatment. Challenging difficult which rises in this study is the extend of Multidrug resistant strain (MDR) of S. Typhi.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefepime; Cefixime; Chloramphenicol; Ciprofloxacin; Communicable Diseases; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gallbladder Diseases; Humans; Persistent Infection; Salmonella typhi; Tetracycline

In recent years, the emergence of newly detected pathogens and the increase of drug resistant bacterial bring serious challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Tetracycline drugs are widely used in clinical practice, and the varieties of these drugs are constantly being updated. However, there is still a lack of guidance documents for the rational clinical application of tetracycline drugs in China. Meanwhile, some healthcare workers have doubts about their pharmaceutical characteristics, timing and methods of clinical application. In order to further standardize the clinical application of tetracycline drugs and provide professional evidence-based medicine suggestions for medical personnel in medical institutions, under the leadership of Hospital Infection Control Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and Clinical Pharmacology Branch of Chinese Pharmacological Society, experts from areas of infection, respiratory medicine, critical care medicine, emergency, infection control, pharmacy and other disciplines organized a consensus meeting and formulated multidisciplinary expert consensus on the rational use of tetracyclines commonly used in clinical practice. This expert consensus is based on the pharmaceutical characteristics of tetracyclines commonly used in China, the mechanism of action and drug resistance status of tetracyclines, combined with the infection site, pathogen characteristics and bacterial drug resistance. This expert consensus also pays attention to special populations and off-label drug use, and integrates domestic and foreign recommendations and the latest evidence-based medicine evidence, and 17 expert consensus opinions for clinical physicians, pharmacists, and other professionals in medical institutions to refer to were formed. In view of the particularity and complexity of infectious diseases and the individual differences of patients, in order to benefit patients, individualized anti-infection strategies should be implemented.. 近年来随着新检出病原体的出现和细菌耐药性的增加，感染性疾病的诊断和治疗面临着严峻挑战。四环素类药物在临床应用广泛，药物品种也在不断更新，我国尚缺乏四环素类药物临床合理应用的指导性文件，部分医务人员对其药学特点和临床应用时机及用法存在疑惑。为进一步规范四环素类药物的临床应用，为各级医疗机构医务人员提供专业的循证医学建议，中华预防医学会医院感染控制分会和中国药理学会临床药理分会牵头，组织感染科、呼吸科、重症医学科、急诊科、感染控制中心、药学部等多个学科领域专家经过共识会议制订了临床常用四环素类药物合理应用多学科专家共识。本专家共识以国内常用的四环素类药物的药学特性为基础，以四环素类药物作用机制和耐药现状为依据，结合感染部位、病原体特点及细菌耐药性，关注特殊人群和超说明书用药，整合国内外指南推荐意见和最新循证医学证据，形成可供医疗机构临床医师、临床药师等专业人员参考的17条专家共识意见。鉴于感染性疾病的特殊性、复杂性及患者的个体差异性，为使患者获益，本专家共识形成的意见需实施个体化的抗感染策略。.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Communicable Diseases; Consensus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Nonprescription Drugs; Off-Label Use; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Piercing; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Cellulitis; Ciprofloxacin; Communicable Diseases; Cyanosis; Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estrogens; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Otitis; Penicillin V; Phenazopyridine; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tick Bites; Travel-Related Illness; Urinary Tract Infections; Young Adult

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Communicable Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Legislation, Veterinary; Penicillins; Swine; Tetracycline; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Genetics, Microbial; Humans; Isoxazoles; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleandomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Recurrence; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Brazil; Communicable Diseases; Female; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Asthenia; Chlamydia; Columbidae; Communicable Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Cough; France; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Pneumonia, Viral; Psittacosis; Radiography, Thoracic; Tetracycline; Tomography

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Communicable Diseases; Diarrhea, Infantile; Enteritis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Meningitis; Pneumonia; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Tooth, Deciduous; Vomiting; Whooping Cough

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bromelains; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tetracycline

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Methacycline; Pneumonia; Stomatitis; Tetracycline; Tooth Discoloration

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biomedical Research; Communicable Diseases; Drug Therapy; Mice; Oleandomycin; Pharmacology; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Child; Chlamydia Infections; Communicable Diseases; Cortisone; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Prednisone; Tetracycline

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetaminophen; Acetazolamide; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cataract; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meclizine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nitrofurantoin; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Progesterone; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Sulfisoxazole; Sympathomimetics; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriology; Canada; Communicable Diseases; Epidemiology; History; Occupational Diseases; Penicillins; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rat-Bite Fever; Social Conditions; Streptobacillus; Tetracycline

Topics: Communicable Diseases; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Israel; Mastitis; Mothers; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Puerperal Disorders; Pyoderma; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptomycin; Sulfathiazoles; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Infectious; Chloramphenicol; Coloring Agents; Communicable Diseases; Drug Therapy; Haemophilus influenzae; Hemagglutination; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Penicillins; Precipitin Tests; Staining and Labeling; Tetracycline; Vaccination

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Bacillus; Bone Marrow; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; gamma-Globulins; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Infections; Paratyphoid Fever; Rickettsia Infections; Sepsis; Shigella; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Virus Diseases

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Chloramphenicol; Cholecystitis; Colitis; Communicable Diseases; Erythromycin; Humans; Tetracycline

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Biomedical Research; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Communicable Diseases; Cycloserine; Diphtheria; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Influenza, Human; Liver Extracts; Methicillin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Syphilis; Tetracycline; Trachoma; Tuberculosis; USSR

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Novobiocin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Pediatrics; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Child; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Infant; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ascorbic Acid; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Disease; Humans; North Carolina; Pelvic Infection; Pelvis; Prednisone; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Hemorrhage; Humans; Otitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Infant; Novobiocin; Pediatrics; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Humans; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Infections; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Diseases; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline