tetracycline and Candidiasis--Oral

Topics: Adult; Aged; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Penicillin G; Rectal Diseases; Tetracycline

Normally, Candida albicans is a commensal microbe that resides in the human oral cavity, gut and vagina. However, the fungus can cause mucosal and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. The mechanism by which local mucosal infections progress to systemic candidiasis is poorly understood. Here, a murine model of gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis was developed by inoculation of the oral cavity, followed by treatment with tetracycline (TC) and prednisolone (PSL). Temporal progression from a local infection of the oral cavity to a systemic infection was then monitored. Histological analysis of tissues from mice treated with both TC and PSL revealed massive infiltration of the tongue and stomach by hyphae. PSL increased the fungal burden in the tongue, stomach and small intestine, and facilitated dissemination to the spleen, kidney and liver within 3 days post-infection. Treatment with both TC and PSL supressed interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 (cytokines that play key roles in host defence against fungal infection) levels in the tongue, which were induced by C. albicans infection. In addition, the mucosal layer of the small intestine of mice treated with both TC and PSL was almost destroyed by the fungal infection; this may be a critical event that allows passage of the fungus across the mucosa and into the systemic circulation. Thus, this mouse model is useful for studying mechanisms underlying progression of C. albicans from a local infection of the oral cavity to a systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Immunocompromised Host; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mucous Membrane; Prednisolone; Stomach; Tetracycline; Tongue

This study evaluated the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidiasis using chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlP) encapsulated in cationic nanoemulsions (NE) and chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlP) diluted in DMSO (DMSO) as photosensitizer (PS). Seventy-five 6-week-old female Swiss mice were immunosuppressed and inoculated with C. albicans to induce oral candidiasis. PDT was performed on the tongue by the application of the photosensitizers and LED light (100 J cm(-2) -660 nm). Twenty-four hours and 7 days after treatments, microbiological evaluation was carried out by recovering C. albicans from the tongue of animals (CFU ml(-1) ). Then, mice were sacrificed and the tongues were surgically removed for histological and biomolecular analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ClAlP-NE-mediated PDT reduced 2.26 log10 of C. albicans recovered from the tongue when compared with the control group (P-L-) (P < 0.05). PDT did not promote adverse effects on the tongue tissue. Seven days after treatment, all animals were completely healthy. In summary, PDT mediated by chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine entrapped in cationic nanoemulsions was effective in reducing C. albicans recovered from the oral lesions of immunocompromised mice.

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Indoles; Mice; Organometallic Compounds; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Random Allocation; Tetracycline; Tongue

A conventional and easy method to establish a murine oral candidiasis model, which has not only a stable yeast population in the oral cavity but also symptoms characteristic of oral thrush, was developed by using a sedative agent. Mice were immunosuppressed with prednisolone and were given tetracycline hydrochloride. They were orally infected with 10(6) viable cells of Candida albicans by means of a cotton swab and enough chlorpromazine chloride had been injected to keep them in a sedative state about for 3 hr after inoculation. From day 3 to day 7 post inoculation, 10(5)-10(6) colony forming units of Candida were recovered from the oral cavity of each mouse and whitish, curd-like patches were observed on most parts of tongue. Microscopically, germ tubes had appeared on the tongue surface. This model would be a useful experimental oral candidiasis for investigating the pathogenesis of C. albicans oral infection and the efficacy of various antifungal agents microbiologically and symptomatically.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Chlorpromazine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fluconazole; Immunocompromised Host; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Prednisolone; Tetracycline; Virulence

We established a straightforward murine model of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Mice were immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate, anesthetized, and then inoculated by placing cotton wool balls saturated with Candida albicans sublingually for 2 h. A prolonged, reproducible infection was induced. This model may be useful for antifungal screening or pathogenesis studies.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Cell Count; Cortisone; Disease Models, Animal; Esophagus; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mice; Pharyngeal Diseases; Tetracycline; Tongue

Oral candidal infection and the carriage of oral bacteria in rats has been studied in animals on a high carbohydrate diet and treated with tetracycline. Candidal infection was not significantly enhanced by carbohydrate alone but was promoted by tetracycline; carbohydrate plus tetracycline was no more effective than tetracycline alone. Carriage of lactobacilli was enhanced by carbohydrate but streptococcal carriage was depressed; there was no effect on the number of rats carrying enterobacteria. Administration of tetracycline reduced the carriage of all three groups of bacteria but the isolation rate for enterobacteria increased towards the end of the experiment, becoming nearly the same as at the start. The prevalence of C. albicans did not vary with these changes in bacterial populations.

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Dietary Carbohydrates; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Lactobacillus; Male; Mouth; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tongue; Tongue Diseases

Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 animals received tetracycline solution (0.1% during week 1 and 0.01% thereafter) as drinking water, as in previous studies. Group 2 animals received double-distilled demineralized water. Animals in both groups were inoculated orally with an equal number of viable, mucosally pathogenic Candida albicans organisms. After 20 weeks, inspection of the tongues showed gross lesions in 16 of the 20 animals in group 1 and 17 of the 20 in group 2. These lesions were confirmed histologically. No significant difference in the number of lesions was noted between the two groups. However, the lesions in group 1 animals were significantly larger than those in group 2 animals. These results suggest that, given this mucosally pathogenic strain of C. albicans, the establishment of a chronic infection of the rat tongue is apparently not influenced by tetracycline-treated drinking water as administered in this study. This suggests that antibiotic exposure is not an essential factor in the pathogenesis of this lesion. A larger lesion area, however, does appear to be related to the use of tetracycline solution as drinking water.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Candidiasis, Oral; Chronic Disease; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Mouth Mucosa; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline; Tongue

In comparison with normal rats, those with iron deficiency anaemia showed no significant difference in susceptibility to experimental infection with Candida albicans although anaemic rats had a significantly greater incidence of persistent infection. These findings support the suggestion that patients with chronic candidosis should be investigated for iron deficiency.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Candidiasis, Oral; Disease Susceptibility; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline; Time Factors

The aim of the study was to investigate the carriage of infection rate during continuous oral inoculation of Candida albicans in conventionalized SPF rats after initial tetracycline medication. During the 34-week experiment 50% of the animals harboured Candida albicans in the mouth, whereas only 25% of the animals demonstrated pseudomycelial penetration of the oral mucosa. More than ninety per cent of the candidal foci were found in areas covered by a less densely cornified epithelium and were mainly localized to the sulcular folds, the gingival margin and the cheek. Only the dorsal surface of the tongue showed foci with obvious signs of long-standing candidal infection. The lingual papillae were lost and replaced by a flat-surface parakeratotic epithelium showing irregular hyperplasia, acanthosis but no atypia. Reactive changes were found in the underlying lingual muscular layer.

Topics: Animals; Candidiasis, Oral; Carrier State; Female; Gingiva; Male; Mouth; Mouth Mucosa; Palate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tongue

Rats given tetracycline in their drinking water for one week were orally inoculated with Candida albicans in the following week. Colonization of the mouth by the fungus resulted, whether the rats continued to receive tetracycline or not, over a period of 22 weeks. Histological changes indicative of oral candidosis were also found both in rats maintained on tetracycline throughout the experiment and in animals given the drug only initially. It is suggested that exposure to tetracycline as tested in this experiment causes a lasting reduction in the rat's ability to expel C. albicans, or an enhancement of the organism's colonizing propensities.

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Carrier State; Female; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Rats; Tetracycline; Time Factors

The action of minocycline has been studied in comparison with tetracycline on 52 strains of "C. albicans" by M.I.C. on Agar medium and by the dellophane transfer. A fungistatic activity was observed above 4 mug/ml, and a fungicidal activity above 1000 mug/ml, whereas tetracycline "in vitro" proved to be ineffective.

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Minocycline; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Uremia is defined as the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Uremia may be caused by either acute or chronic renal failure. Uremic stomatitis represents a relatively uncommon intraoral complication of uremia. Uremic stomatitis has classically been divided into ulcerative and nonulcerative types. Reported here is a patient with chronic renal failure exhibiting intraoral lesions that persisted despite local treatment but rapidly cleared following renal dialysis. This case represents the first published report of the microscopic appearance of the nonulcerative type and presents unusual tissue changes heretofore unreported.

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Candidiasis, Oral; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Renal Dialysis; Stomatitis; Tetracycline; Uremia

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; General Practice, Dental; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Injections, Intramuscular; Jaw Fractures; Mouth Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Periapical Abscess; Pericoronitis; Radiotherapy; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Female; Male; Muscles; Rats; Tetracycline; Tongue; Tongue Diseases

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Edema; Epithelium; Female; Inflammation; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Mouth; Rats; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tongue

Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Aminopyrine; Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Dentin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Gingival Hyperplasia; Humans; Hydantoins; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Necrosis; Palate; Penicillins; Phenylbutazone; Tetracycline; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies; Betamethasone; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Iatrogenic Disease; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tetracycline; Triamcinolone

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Candidiasis, Oral; Cheilitis; Chronic Disease; Denture, Complete; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Stomatitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Bronchitis; Candida; Candidiasis, Oral; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Saliva; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Deglutition Disorders; Diagnosis; Esophagitis; Humans; Nystatin; Pneumonia; Prednisolone; Radiography; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline