tetracycline and Brain-Diseases

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Back Pain; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Ventriculography; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Craniotomy; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Nalidixic Acid; Postoperative Complications; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Seizures; Spinal Puncture; Tetracycline; Vitamin A; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Infant; Male; Obesity; Papilledema; Prognosis; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Tetracycline; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency

Upregulation of Notch signaling is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM), a disease that lacks pharmacological treatments. Tetracycline (tet)-regulatable endothelial expression of constitutively active Notch4 (Notch4*tetEC) from birth induced bAVMs in 100% of mice by P16. To test whether targeting downstream signaling, while sustaining the causal Notch4*tetEC expression, induces AVM normalization, we deleted Rbpj, a mediator of Notch signaling, in endothelium from P16, by combining tet-repressible Notch4*tetEC with tamoxifen-inducible Rbpj deletion. Established pathologies, including AV connection diameter, AV shunting, vessel tortuosity, intracerebral hemorrhage, tissue hypoxia, life expectancy, and arterial marker expression were improved, compared with Notch4*tetEC mice without Rbpj deletion. Similarly, Rbpj deletion from P21 induced advanced bAVM regression. After complete AVM normalization induced by repression of Notch4*tetEC, virtually no bAVM relapsed, despite Notch4*tetEC re-expression in adults. Thus, inhibition of endothelial Rbpj halted Notch4*tetEC bAVM progression, normalized bAVM abnormalities, and restored microcirculation, providing proof of concept for targeting a downstream mediator to treat AVM pathologies despite a sustained causal molecular lesion.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arteriovenous Malformations; Brain; Brain Diseases; Endothelium; Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein; Mice; Nervous System Malformations; Receptor, Notch4; Tetracycline

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is reported to occur frequently after all types especially cardiac surgery in elderly patients. It can be short-term or long-term and some cases even develop into Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although multi-risk factors associated with POCD have been identified, the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of this surgical complication remain elusive. Therefore, developing strategies for preventing or treating POCD is still challenging. However, increasing evidence suggests that central and systemic inflammation triggered by surgery likely plays a fundamental role in POCD developing and progression. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative with anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to be effective in treating neuroinflammatory related conditions or neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease. Considering that inflammation may be a potential factor of POCD and minocycline is effective in improving cognitive dysfunction induced by inflammation, we hypothesize that minocycline may be useful to treat/prevent the POCD development after surgery in elderly patients.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain Diseases; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Inflammation; Minocycline; Models, Theoretical; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Neuronal loss is a major pathological outcome of many common neurological disorders, including ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer disease. Stem cell-based approaches have received considerable attention as a potential means of treatment, although it remains to be determined whether stem cells can ameliorate memory dysfunction, a devastating component of these disorders. We generated a transgenic mouse model in which the tetracycline-off system is used to regulate expression of diphtheria toxin A chain. After induction, we find progressive neuronal loss primarily within the hippocampus, leading to specific impairments in memory. We find that neural stem cells transplanted into the brain after neuronal ablation survive, migrate, differentiate and, most significantly, improve memory. These results show that stem cells may have therapeutic value in diseases and conditions that result in memory loss.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Diseases; Bromodeoxyuridine; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Diphtheria Toxin; Disease Models, Animal; Green Fluorescent Proteins; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Brain Diseases; Chloroquine; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Quinine; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever

Progressive dementia, vertical ophthalmoplegia, and prominent hypothalamic dysfunction developed in one patient with documented intestinal Whipple's disease despite ongoing antibiotic therapy with intestinal remission. A clinical diagnosis of central nervous Whipple's disease was made on the basis of the patient's presentation. High-dose parenteral penicillin and chloramphenicol were administered for 4 1/2 weeks. There was no improvement in results of daily mental status examination or neuropsychologic testing. Deterioration was noted in the electroencephalographic findings after therapy. Vigorous antibiotic therapy with agents that cross the blood-brain barrier had no immediate beneficial effect. Irreversible neurologic damage or a slow, delayed response may account for this observation.

Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Penicillin G; Tetracycline; Whipple Disease

Whipple's disease confined to the nervous system occurred in a 36-year old woman who presented with grand mal seizures and dementia. There was no evidence of extracerebral involvement and the jejunal biopsy was negative before treatment. Multiple enhancing lesions on CT scan progressed despite therapy with minocycline and prednisone, but resolved on treatment with tetracycline. The dementia did not progress while she was on antibiotic therapy. Whipple's disease should be considered as a treatable cause of progressive dementia even in the absence of an abnormal jejunal biopsy.

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Brain; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Neurocognitive Disorders; Prednisolone; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Whipple Disease

Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Edema; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Diagnosis, Differential; Encephalitis; Encephalocele; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Intracranial Pressure; Meningitis; Papilledema; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Spinal Puncture; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vitamin A

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Brain Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Infant; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Tetracycline; Virus Diseases

Topics: Adult; Brain Diseases; Catheterization; Chronic Disease; Diet Therapy; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Circulation; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Neomycin; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Portal Vein; Radiography; Tetracycline

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Intracranial Pressure; Papilledema; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Remission, Spontaneous; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia; Brain Diseases; Craniocerebral Trauma; Endocrine System Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Jugular Veins; Mastoiditis; Nalidixic Acid; Pregnancy; Radiography; Steroids; Tetracycline; Vascular Diseases; Veins; Vitamin A; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Brain Diseases; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Headache; Humans; Male; Papilledema; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Vomiting

Concentrated suspensions of washed Mycoplasma neurolyticum produce rolling disease in mice and rats, with neurological manifestations and pathological lesions similar to those seen with the exotoxin of this organism. Pretreatment of animals with tetracycline protects completely against the toxic effects of washed suspensions of mycoplasmas, while tetracycline affords no protection against the exotoxin. Freeze-thawing disruption of mycoplasma suspensions eliminates their neurotoxicity, while the same treatment does not affect exotoxin. The toxicity of intact organisms is not affected by exposure to the sedimentable component of brain, nor to ganglioside. These observations are interpreted to indicate that the neurotoxicity of living mycoplasmas must be due to their production of toxin after they have been injected into the animal. Resting mycoplasmas, suspended in Ringer's solution in dialysis sacs submerged in PPLO broth) produce considerable amounts of toxin within 15 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. Toxin is also produced, although in somewhat less amount, by washed organisms suspended in phosphate buffer containing glucose. The formation of toxin is prevented by the presence of puromycin, but not by the aminonucleoside analogue of puromycin, indicating that active protein synthesis is involved in the elaboration of toxin. The similarities between the neurotoxicity of the intact organisms of M. neurolyticum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum are discussed.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Gangliosides; Immune Sera; Mycoplasma; Rats; Tetracycline; Tissue Extracts; Toxins, Biological

Topics: Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meninges; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy; Fatty Liver; Female; Kidney Diseases; Pancreatitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyelonephritis; Tetracycline; Toxicology

The available world literature (since Friedman's and Levy's comprehensive report in 1937) regarding actinomycosis of the central nervous system is reviewed. Only cases proved by culture were included in this analysis. A total of 17 cases was collected and an additional patient with this entity is described.The important differences between actinomycosis and nocardiosis are discussed. A definite diagnosis of actinomycosis was possible only when anaerobic cultures of cerebrospinal fluid or material obtained from a brain abscess yielded colonies of typical Actinomyces organisms. The characteristic result of infection of the brain by this fungus was abscess formation, and this occurred in all except one of the cases reviewed. Penicillin appears to be the drug of choice in treatment and, where possible, surgical excision of the cerebral abscess should be undertaken.

Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain; Brain Abscess; Brain Diseases; Cerebral Angiography; Chloramphenicol; Electroencephalography; Humans; Meninges; Neurosurgery; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Procaine; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brain; Brain Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Medical Records; Mycoses; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline