tetracycline and Bacteroides-Infections

An overview of infection as it applies to the oral and maxillofacial region has been provided. The following conclusions are drawn: odontogenic infections are caused by microbes found in the host's oral flora; cultures of purulent material generally will yield three to six anaerobes and one aerobe, (the aerobe is usually a Streptococcus species); Gram stains of purulent material can aid in therapeutic strategies; anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures are necessary to isolate all pathogens; pathogens found in infections of bite wounds reflect the oral flora of the aggressor; early postoperative wound infections are caused by the host's own flora, whereas later infections may be caused by hospital-acquired bacteria; and hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus are occupational hazards. Recommendations have been made for antimicrobial prophylaxis and for treatment. We recognize that some of these selections may be controversial. For instance, the value of prophylactic antibiotics in orthognathic surgery is not well defined; recommendations were made only in certain instances. However, in severe penetrating maxillofacial injuries with devitalized tissue, recommendations for antibiotics were for broad and prolonged coverage. In this instance, use of antibiotics is considered therapeutic and not prophylactic. In each instance, we tried to validate the selection. Our rationale has been to choose the antibiotics most active against the likely pathogens; additionally, consideration was given to drug toxicity and adverse reactions. We regard penicillin as the preferred agent for prophylaxis and treatment of most odontogenic infections. Alternative drugs include cephalosporins, doxycycline, and clindamycin. Erythoromycin and tetracycline are considered less effective than the former agents. Finally, we believe that successful treatment of infection depends as much on changing the microenvironment of the infected tissue by debridement and drainage as on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Maxillofacial Injuries; Mouth Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Virus Diseases

Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the subdural space in all four cases of subdural empyema encountered over a 2 and a half year period. Only one aerobe was isolated in these cases. The bacteriology of subdural empyema was further analyzed from a review of 327 cases reported in the English literature. Anaerobes accounted for 12 per cent of 234 cases; In addition, 27 per cent of cases were reportedly "sterile." These data support our finding that anaerobic bacteria may play a far more important role in subdural empyema than was previously appreciated.

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Anaerobiosis; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Brain Abscess; Child; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Dexamethasone; Drainage; Female; Humans; Male; Meninges; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Peptostreptococcus; Pneumococcal Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Subdural Space; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Drainage; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Infant; Injections; Male; Methylphenidate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Streptococcal Infections; Substance-Related Disorders; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Anticoagulants; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; Drainage; Fusobacterium; Humans; Lincomycin; Liver Abscess; Penicillins; Radionuclide Imaging; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Serratia; Shock, Septic; Tetracycline

Bacteroides fragilis is a part of the normal gastrointestinal flora, but it is also the most common anaerobic bacteria causing the infection. It is highly resistant to antibiotics and contains abundant antibiotic resistance mechanisms.. The antibiotic resistance pattern of 78 isolates of B. fragilis (22 strains from clinical samples and 56 strains from the colorectal tissue) was investigated using agar dilution method. The gene encoding Bacteroides fargilis toxin bft, and antibiotic resistance genes were targeted by PCR assay.. The highest rate of resistance was observed for penicillin G (100%) followed by tetracycline (74.4%), clindamycin (41%) and cefoxitin (38.5%). Only a single isolate showed resistance to imipenem which contained cfiA and IS1186 genes. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. Accordingly, tetQ (87.2%), cepA (73.1%) and ermF (64.1%) were the most abundant antibiotic-resistant genes identified in this study. MIC values for penicillin, cefoxitin and clindamycin were significantly different among isolates with the cepA, cfxA and ermF in compare with those lacking such genes. In addition, 22.7 and 17.8% of clinical and GIT isolates had the bft gene, respectively.. The finding of this study shows that metronidazole is highly in vitro active agent against all of B. fragilis isolates and remain the first-line antimicrobial for empirical therapy.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Cefoxitin; Clindamycin; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Imipenem; Inpatients; Metalloendopeptidases; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tetracycline

The frequency of finding of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic bacteria in clinical samples has doubled from 2008 to 2010 in Costa Rica. To determine whether this increase is due to dissemination of erm genes aided by tetQ elements, we analyzed 100 isolates of Bacteroides or Parabacteroides from a regional hospital, a national hospital, and the community. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were recorded with a broth micro-dilution method and erm genes were detected by PCR and Southern blotting. In addition, plasmid isolation and mating experiments were performed to clarify the location and mobility of the detected erm genes. Resistance to clindamycin was by far more frequent in the regional hospital (72%) than in the national hospital (29%) and the community (26%). Resistance to tetracycline was even more common, with the community (85%) outweighing the hospitals (71-72%). While MIC of clindamycin were higher in the hospitals than in the community (P < 0.05), the opposite was seen for tetracycline (P < 0.0001). Of the sought-after genes, only ermG (n = 2), ermA (n = 1), and ermF (n = 1) were detected in the hospitals and ermF in the community (n = 2). In opposition to the low frequency of finding of erm genes, 71% of the isolates were positive for tetQ. None of the detected genes were encoded on plasmids. Only three isolates from the hospitals transferred their erm genes laterally. By contrast, 13 hospital isolates and two community isolates transferred tetQ. Despite the widespread finding of tetracycline-resistant tetQ-positive bacteria, mobile erm genes were rare in our bacterial collection. We conclude that the detected erm genes are likely not included in typical conjugative transposons of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Conjugation, Genetic; Costa Rica; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Feces; Humans; Methyltransferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥ 8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs< 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC> 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Methyltransferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Tigecycline

This study investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in an isolate of Bacteroides fragilis (WI1) from a patient with anaerobic sepsis. The MDR of WI1 affected susceptibility to beta-lactams, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole and tetracycline. In addition to its 5.31-Mb chromosome, WI1 possessed two low-copy-number plasmids, pHagl (5.6 kb) and pHag2 (9.9 kb), that were absent from B. fragilis NCTC 9343. Restriction digestion with EcoRV, HindIII and SstI, combined with DNA sequencing, revealed that pHAG2 contained a tet(Q) gene at base position 3689 that resided on the conjugative transposon CTn341. Genes cfiA (encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase) and erm(F) (encoding a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant) were also found in WI1, but were absent from B. fragilis NCTC 9343. Nitrocefin hydrolysis revealed that WI1 had high beta-lactamase activity. Sequencing of the gyrA quinolone resistance-determining region revealed a mutation causing a Ser82 --> Phe substitution, and comparative quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the cfiA, erm(F) and tet(Q) genes were all expressed in WI1. In addition, the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump genes bmeB9 and bmeB15 were significantly over-expressed (12.30 +/- 0.42-fold and 3541.1 +/- 95.4-fold, respectively), and the efflux pump inhibitors carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and reserpine significantly increased the susceptibility of the isolate to several unrelated antibiotics (p <0.005). These data suggested that WI1 was highly multidrug-resistant because of the additive effects of chromosome- and plasmid-encoded resistance determinants.

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; beta-Lactamases; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Clindamycin; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenylalanine; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tetracycline

Two different PCR-based molecular approaches, a commercial kit for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, B. forsythus and T. denticola (Amplimedical "Paradonthosis") and a home-made multiplex PCR for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were compared for monitoring the efficacy of different dental treatments on localized persistent periodontal pockets. 44 sites were randomized in two treatment groups: mechanical treatment (22 control sites) and in conjunction with the application of tetracycline fibres (22 experimental sites). 40/44 sites were found positive with both tests for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus pretheraphy. P. intermedia was detected alone in only three sites during the follow-up, while T. denticola. was always associated with the other pathogens. 20 sites were positive in conventional cultures for one to three of the pathogens. PCR-based approaches provided a sensitive and reliable method for identification and monitoring treatment of periodontal pathogens.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe that exists as part of the normal oral flora. Its role as a pathogen in human infection has been disputed, but recently its pathogenic potential has been increasingly recognized. A review of the literature reveals the emergence of this organism as a pathogen in human infection. Specific microbiologic characteristics of this organism make it difficult to isolate and evaluate for antibiotic sensitivities. Infections produced by this bacteria are characteristically indolent in nature and are usually associated with oral contamination. Appropriate antibiotic therapy utilizes ampicillin or penicillin. Tetracycline is the drug of choice in the penicillin-allergic patient. Clindamycin resistance is a universal feature. A greater awareness of the pathogenic potential of E corrodens is essential for appropriate recognition and treatment.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Ampicillin; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Eikenella corrodens; Head; Humans; Male; Neck; Pain; Penicillin Resistance; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Wounds, Gunshot

The ability of strains of Bacteroides fragilis resistant to clindamycin and/or tetracycline to transfer resistance to a susceptible recipient strain in experimental subcutaneous abscesses in mice was investigated. The results indicated that such transfer took place at a frequency similar to that observed in vitro. Transfer of resistance determinants at infected sites may play a role in the epidemiology of disseminated resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Topics: Abscess; Ampicillin; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Conjugation, Genetic; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; R Factors; Tetracycline

The transferability of plasmid-mediated tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance was studied in 63 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Of 48 strains which were tetracycline resistant (Tcr), the regulation of both the expression of Tcr and its transferability was shown to be under inducible control by tetracycline. In 29 of the strains, Tcr was transferable; in the majority of these (26 strains), transferability was inducible (Trai) and it was constitutive (Trac) in only 3 strains. All four possible phenotypes were found (Tci Trai, Tci Trac, Tcc Trai, and Tcc Trac), which indicates independent control of both Tcr expression and its transferability. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was cotransferred with Tcr in 14 of the 48 Tcr strains and transferred independently of Tcr in only 1 strain.

Topics: Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

The efficacies of five common antimicrobial agents were determined for a pure Bacteroides fragilis infection in mice. Therapy was begun 4 h after bacterial injection and given every 8 h thereafter for 5 days. Blood levels were determined over an 8-h period for each concentration of antibiotic tested. Clindamycin and tetracycline were the most effective in preventing the formation of abscesses. Chloramphenicol, penicillin G, and cephalothin were not effective in protecting the mice from infection.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Tetracycline

Of eight patients with Gram-negative bacillary sternoarticular pyoarthrosis, seven were long-term intravenous heroin abusers. Clinical onset was insidious and a long delay (one month or more) in seeking hospitalization was usually noted. Anterior chest discomfort and painful, restricted homolateral shoulder motion were the chief complaints. Fever and monoarticular arthritis were universally present, Open synovial biopsy examination was frequently required for etiologic diagnosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated. Roentgenographic evidence of associated osteomyelitis was usually seen, but tomography was often necessary to delineate this lesion. Intraoperatively, associated osteomyelitis of the clavicular head and/or sternum was present in all eight cases and a perisynovial and/or retrosternal abscess was found in five patients. Early surgical exploration and prolonged antimicrobial therapy yielded excellent results.

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Carbenicillin; Drainage; Female; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Ribs; Sternoclavicular Joint; Sternocostal Joints; Synovial Fluid; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray

A case of severe peritonitis in connection with the application of a Dalkon Shield is reported. By culturing the peritoneal exsudate a monoculture of Bacteroides fragilis was found as causing agens. The general aspects of severe infection in connection with IUD, particularly the Dalkon Shield, are discussed. By analysing the reports in the literature it cannot be ruled out, that Bacteroides fragilis may to be a major factor in cases with lethal outcome.

Topics: Adult; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Peritonitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Bacteroides infection frequently complicates surgery, instrumentation, or trauma to the alimentary, upper respiratory, and female genitourinary tracts. Bacteroides sp, alone or with other organisms, also may cause infections in the ear, nose, and throat, and other tissues where defeneses are lowered. Foul-smelling pus, sinus drainage, material from an abscess or infected traumatic wound, or a blood culture made because of a suspected anaerobic complication should be subjected to anaerobic study in the laboratory. Treatment of clinical bacteroidosis consists of specific antibiotics, surgery, oxygen under pressure, and appropriate local dressings. Treatment is often more effective if at least two antibiotics are given concurrently, and antibiotic sensitivity tests are recommended to select the best combination.

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Bandages; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Digestive System; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Respiratory System; Rifampin; Sulfonamides; Symbiosis; Tetracycline; Urogenital System

One hundred twenty-four strains of Bacteroides fragilis were examined for susceptibility to tetracycline disks and by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations. MIC values and zone sizes around 30-mug tetracycline disks were determined by using selected test conditions which included Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with sheep blood, vitamin K, and hemin and an incubation temperature of 35 C in an atmosphere of 80% N(2), 10% H(2), and 10% CO(2). Strains were separated into two distinct populations by geometric mean MIC and dis tests. Of the 124 strains, 78 were resistant and 46 were susceptible. The resistant strains had geometric mean MIC's of 8 mug/ml or greater, whereas the geometric mean MIC's of sensitive strains were 5 mug/ml or less. The disk test proved to be more reproducible than the MIC test and completely separated the resistant and susceptible populations. An interpretive scheme for B. fragilis to tetracycline was statistically derived on the basis of the distribution of zone sizes of susceptible and resistant strains: resistant, 18 mm or less; indeterminant, 19 to 20 mm; and susceptible, 21 mm or greater. These zone sizes compared closely with the Kirby-Bauer criteria for aerobic bacteria.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiology; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Paranasal Sinuses; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sinusitis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Brain; Brucella; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Culture Media; Heart; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Peptococcus; Sheep; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Carbon Dioxide; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lincomycin; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Bacteroides Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Kanamycin; Methods; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Partial Pressure; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Erythromycin; Fusobacterium; Humans; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Penicillins; Rifampin; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Treponemal Infections; Vancomycin; Veillonella

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Digestive System; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Scotland; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Abdomen; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Clindamycin; Drug Antagonism; Gentamicins; Humans; Lincomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Culture Media; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Rifampin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Evaluation; Empyema; Erythromycin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Peptococcus; Peptostreptococcus; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteria; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Embolism; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Blind Loop Syndrome; Candida; Celiac Disease; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Hospitals, Special; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pressure Ulcer; Sepsis; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteroides Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestive System; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Fusobacterium; Georgia; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sepsis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Abscess; Adnexal Diseases; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Female; Heparin; Humans; Hysterectomy; Kanamycin; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Puerperal Infection; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Hospitals; Humans; Information Services; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteroides Infections; Humans; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline

During a two-year period of observation Bacteroides species were isolated from specimens of pus and vaginal swabs from 115 patients in this hospital. Thirty-five representative strains proved on examination to be Bacteroides fragilis. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of six antibiotics for these strains were determined. All strains were resistant to streptomycin, neomycin, and polymyxin, slightly sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin, and fully sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin were two to four times the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Tetracycline failed to exert any consistent bactericidal effect.The treatment of patients with infections caused by B. fragilis is discussed in the light of the findings in vitro.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Lincomycin; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Agammaglobulinemia; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacteroides Infections; Brain Abscess; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Penicillins; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Brain; Brain Abscess; Cerebral Angiography; Child; Chlortetracycline; Drainage; Hemiplegia; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Oxytetracycline; Radiography; Tetracycline