tetracycline and Bacterial-Infections

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; 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Emergence of drug resistance has created unmet medical need for the development of new classes of antibiotics. Discovery of new antibacterial agents with new mode of action remains a high priority universally. 4(3H)-quinazolinone, a fused nitrogen heterocyclic compound has emerged as a biologically privileged structure, possessing a wide range of biological properties viz. anticancer, antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Promising antibacterial properties of quinazolinones have enthused the medicinal chemists to explore and develop this fused heterocyclic system for new antibacterial agents. Utilization of quinazolinone core for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents has recently gained momentum. This review aims to provide an overview of the structures and antibacterial activity of various 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives covering various aspects of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities and structure activity relationships (SARs).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Discovery; Humans; Quinazolinones; Structure-Activity Relationship

To provide a systematic overview and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating preventive antibiotics in patients with acute stroke.. The MEDLINE (1966-February 2009) and Cochrane databases and reference lists of retrieved articles.. Randomized controlled trials on preventive antibiotic treatment in stroke. For inclusion, at least case fatality or infection rate had to be recorded.. Each study was scored for methodological key issues and appraised by the Jadad scale. We extracted the data using a predetermined protocol and included all patients who were randomized or who started therapy in an intent-to-treat analysis.. We identified 4 randomized clinical trials including 426 patients; 94% had ischemic stroke. Study interventions were fluoroquinolones in 2 and tetracycline or a combination of beta-lactam antibiotic with beta-lactamase inhibitor in 1. Therapy was started within 24 hours of stroke onset. Duration of therapy varied between 3 and 5 days. The methodological quality ranged from 2 to 5 on the Jadad scale, and studies were subject to potential bias. The proportion of patients with infection was significantly smaller in the antibiotic group than in the placebo/control group (32 of 136 [23.5%] vs 53 of 139 [38.1%] patients). The pooled odds ratio for infection was 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.86). Ten of 210 patients (4.8%) in the antibiotic group died, compared with 13 of 216 (6.0%) in the placebo/control group. The pooled odds ratio for mortality was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.78). No major harm or toxicity was reported.. In adults with acute stroke, preventive antibiotics reduced the risk of infection, but did not reduce mortality. The observed effect warrants evaluation of preventive antibiotics in large stroke trials.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Odds Ratio; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Infections; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Smoking; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiporters; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Doxycycline; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Minocycline; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Tetracyclines; Tigecycline

Action of chemotherapeutics on bacteria can be described as "bacteriostatic" or "bactericidal". In vitro, "bactericidal" agents are able to kill >or= 99.9% bacteria of the inoculum within 18-24 h. However, "bactericidal" or "bacteriostatic" effects are dependent on several variables, e.g., inoculum, species, or medium. The number of bacteria found in an infectious process amounts to 10(8)-10(10) CFU/ml (colony-forming units per milliliter) and is far beyond the in vitro test inoculum of 5 x 10(5) CU/ml. Contrary to the term "bactericidal", in vivo a significant number of bacteria will survive. These bacteria are able to regrow, to mutate and to support infection. It is thought that a special advantage of "bactericidal" agents is the rapid killing of bacteria, thus avoiding or at least slowing down development of resistance. Contrary to this assumption, there is now an alarming increase in resistance including third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones and even carbapenems.Recent randomized clinical studies comparing "bacteriostatic" and "bactericidal" regimens revealed an equivalent clinical success. It became obvious that therapy with certain "bacteriostatic" agents even in severe infections is not harmful to patients. In addition, e.g. tetracyclines are able not only to fight bacteria but also to modulate immune response of the host. This property may offer possibilities to develop new strategies in treating infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Infectious diarrhea is an important disease in the elderly. Some basic principles have been outlined, as follows. In the elderly: Infectious diarrhea is an underappreciated health problem. There is a higher mortality rate and case-fatality rate compared with younger persons. Infectious diarrhea is most often associated with group settings (e.g., nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities) or antibiotic use. Infectious diarrhea may be associated with abnormal immune function (i.e., immunosenescence). Certain bacterial infections are commoner (e.g., C. difficile, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella). Some infections behave differently (e.g., Salmonella). Prompt and adequate rehydration measures are crucial. The institution of appropriate contact isolation and infection control measures is crucial in group settings.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Immune System; Nursing Homes; Salmonella; Shigella sonnei; Tetracycline

Anaerobic bacteria predominate in the normal flora of the human oropharynx and therefore are a common cause of endogenous bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. They are found in chronic otitis media and sinusitis, play a pathogenic role in tonsillitis, and are important contributors to complications of these infections. Anaerobes also predominate in deep oral and neck infections and abscesses. Their direct pathogenicity in these infections is compounded by their ability to produce beta-lactamase, which allows anaerobes to "shield" non-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria from penicillin activity. Their slow growth, polymicrobial nature, and growing resistance to antimicrobial agents complicate treatment. Usually, antimicrobial therapy is all that is needed, but in some cases, it serves as an important adjunct to surgical intervention. Adequate antimicrobial coverage of both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria is essential because culture usually reveals a mixed infection. Failure to select the appropriate antibiotics may lead to clinical failure.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; beta-Lactams; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Tetracycline

Since it is a disease mainly caused by plaque--an aggregate of various bacteria--periodontal disease can be considered a local infection. Thus, it has seemed reasonable to utilize antibiotics to suppress the intrapocket bacteria, specifically or nonspecifically. When antibiotics are administered orally, however, massive doses over a prolonged period of time are needed to attain a therapeutic effect. This increases the risk of adverse reactions as well as developing resistant strains of bacteria. To overcome these problems, local drug delivery systems (LDDS) were devised to combat the local infection. However, the intrapocket antibiotic delivery systems have yet to be fully evaluated for clinical effectiveness; to prove the therapeutic effectiveness of locally administered antibiotics, the drug must reach the base of the periodontal pocket and the effective concentration of the antibiotic against the pathogenic bacteria must be maintained for a long time. This concise review presents with figures, tables, and a comprehensive list of references the many studies which have used the various tetracyclines as LDDS to treat periodontal disease.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biodegradation, Environmental; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Minocycline; Periodontal Pocket; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation

The human race has had to endure infections for as long as it has been on earth, and has developed efficient natural defence mechanisms to combat them. Modern medicine aims to augment these natural mechanisms, to help speed up resolution of infection and decrease morbidity and mortality.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Drainage; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Ludwig's Angina; Penicillins; Periodontal Abscess; Premedication; Retropharyngeal Abscess; Tetracycline

Antimicrobial agents are used in combination with debridement to eliminate putative periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, from diseased tissues. The most frequently used antimicrobial agents are the tetracyclines. However, these agents are not effective in some patients. This lack of efficacy may be due to antimicrobial resistance. As many as 75% of the bacteria in the subgingival flora may be resistant to tetracycline after long-term, low-dose treatment. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by the tet(M) determinant in some isolates of Veillonella species and Fusobacterium nucleatum, while a DNA probe to the tet(Q) determinant hybridizes to isolates of Prevotella denticola and P. intermedia. The mechanism of tetracycline resistance for most periodontal organisms, however, has yet to be determined. Before tetracycline is used as adjunctive therapy for refractory periodontitis, the subgingival bacterial flora should be tested for susceptibility.

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance

Prostatitis remains a challenging condition. The clinical features are often nonspecific while the aetiology and pathogenesis can be diverse and includes inflammatory, obstructive, and/or chemical causes and may also be related to calculi. Four categories are recognized: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, non-bacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia. The diagnosis of prostatitis was advanced substantially by the introduction of sequential sampling of urine aliquots following prostatic massage. Bacterial prostatitis is largely associated with the Enterobacteriaceae although Pseudomonas spp., enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus may also be isolated. In chronic bacterial prostatitis a variety of streptococci and anaerobic bacteria may be isolated. Treatment is difficult largely owing to the limited range of agents able to achieve therapeutic concentrations within prostatic fluid, which has a pH lower than that of plasma. Trimethroprim, co-trimoxazole and the tetracyclines have been widely used. The quinolones have recently been shown to diffuse readily into the prostate; ofloxacin and temafloxacin have produced the highest concentrations in prostatic fluid. Antibiotic treatment requires prolonged high dosage and careful monitoring to ensure that bacterial eradication has occurred. Other forms of management have included the judicious use of anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics. In some patients zinc sulphate has proved to be of symptomatic benefit.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Disease; Colony Count, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Male; Prostatitis; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Whipple's disease is a systemic bacterial infection that once was uniformly fatal and now is treatable with several different antibiotics in most cases. The exact nature of the Whipple's bacillus is unknown, since the organism cannot consistently be cultured. There is also controversy concerning the role of immunologic dysfunction in patients with Whipple's disease. In addition to the small intestine, Whipple's disease can involve the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the lymph nodes, joints, nervous system, heart, eyes, hematopoietic system, lungs, liver, and other organs. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare but fascinating disease will be reviewed in this article.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Combinations; Eye Diseases; Heart Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Joint Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Penicillins; Skin Diseases; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Whipple Disease

Following the discovery of Legionella pneumophila as the cause of an epidemic of pneumonia at an American Legion Convention in Philadelphia, a group of related bacteria were recognized as additional human pathogens. This newly established bacteria genus, Legionella, includes the agents of Legionnaires' Disease, Pittsburgh pneumonia and several related infections. A number of researches have been performed in the past few years about these bacteria; many of these data are here summarized to give an idea of the most important characteristics of Legionella and of the diseases they cause.

Topics: Antibody Formation; Bacterial Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Erythromycin; Humans; Legionella; Legionnaires' Disease; Phenotype; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Rifampin; Serotyping; Tetracycline

Historically chronic bacterial prostatitis in the male human has been relatively resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetic theory of drug diffusion into the prostate is reviewed. A brief description of the various canine models utilized to quantitate antimicrobial drug diffusion is presented. Specific data concerning the diffusion of various antimicrobial agents are abstracted followed by a brief discussion of mechanistic explanations for the success or failure of drug therapy.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Kinetics; Male; Penicillins; Prostatitis; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

An overview of infection as it applies to the oral and maxillofacial region has been provided. The following conclusions are drawn: odontogenic infections are caused by microbes found in the host's oral flora; cultures of purulent material generally will yield three to six anaerobes and one aerobe, (the aerobe is usually a Streptococcus species); Gram stains of purulent material can aid in therapeutic strategies; anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures are necessary to isolate all pathogens; pathogens found in infections of bite wounds reflect the oral flora of the aggressor; early postoperative wound infections are caused by the host's own flora, whereas later infections may be caused by hospital-acquired bacteria; and hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus are occupational hazards. Recommendations have been made for antimicrobial prophylaxis and for treatment. We recognize that some of these selections may be controversial. For instance, the value of prophylactic antibiotics in orthognathic surgery is not well defined; recommendations were made only in certain instances. However, in severe penetrating maxillofacial injuries with devitalized tissue, recommendations for antibiotics were for broad and prolonged coverage. In this instance, use of antibiotics is considered therapeutic and not prophylactic. In each instance, we tried to validate the selection. Our rationale has been to choose the antibiotics most active against the likely pathogens; additionally, consideration was given to drug toxicity and adverse reactions. We regard penicillin as the preferred agent for prophylaxis and treatment of most odontogenic infections. Alternative drugs include cephalosporins, doxycycline, and clindamycin. Erythoromycin and tetracycline are considered less effective than the former agents. Finally, we believe that successful treatment of infection depends as much on changing the microenvironment of the infected tissue by debridement and drainage as on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Maxillofacial Injuries; Mouth Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases; Virus Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Antagonism; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Kanamycin; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; DNA Replication; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Mesylates; Natamycin; Neomycin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Age Factors; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Blood Coagulation; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Chloramphenicol; Drug Hypersensitivity; Erythromycin; Female; Fetus; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Kidney; Lincomycin; Liver; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pregnancy; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Kanamycin; Kidney; Kidney Calculi; Methenamine; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genitalia, Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Hysterectomy; Kanamycin; Penicillin Resistance; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline; Vagina

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cross Infection; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Leukocyte Count; Mycoses; Neutropenia; Patient Isolators; Phagocytosis; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Gentamicins; Methicillin; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Child; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctiva; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Erwinia; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Infant; Mice; Parenteral Nutrition; Pharynx; Skin; Sputum; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cell Wall; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Enterobacter; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Lincomycin; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Erythromycin; Eye Diseases; Gentamicins; Humans; Lincomycin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rifampin; Ristocetin; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Anticoagulants; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline; Thrombophlebitis

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; Drainage; Fusobacterium; Humans; Lincomycin; Liver Abscess; Penicillins; Radionuclide Imaging; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Abscess; Aminoglycosides; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Brain Abscess; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lincomycin; Lung Abscess; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Acinetobacter; Alcaligenes; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Chromobacterium; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia; Humans; Klebsiella; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Silver Nitrate; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Water

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tract Diseases; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Meningitis; Osteomyelitis; Oxacillin; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the effects of periodontal surgery and 4 systemically administered agents, Augmentin, tetracycline, ibuprofen or a placebo on clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal disease. 98 subjects were monitored at 2-month intervals at 6 sites per tooth for clinical parameters. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial surface of each tooth at each visit and evaluated for their content of 14 subgingival species using DNA probes and a colony lift method. 40 subjects who exhibited loss of attachment > 2.5 mm at 1 or more sites during longitudinal monitoring were treated using modified Widman flap surgery at sites with probing pocket depth > 4 mm, subgingival scaling at all other sites and were randomly assigned 1 of the 4 agents. Treatment was completed within 30 days during which time the subject took the assigned agent. Overall, subjects exhibited a mean attachment level "gain" of 0.34 +/- 0.10 mm (SEM) and a mean pocket depth reduction of 0.62 +/- 0.09 mm 10 +/- 4 months post-therapy. However, certain subjects in each treatment group showed a poor response. Subjects receiving antibiotics exhibited significantly more attachment level "gain" (0.57 +/- 0.15 mm, SEM) than subjects receiving either ibuprofen or a placebo (0.02 +/- 0.10). The differences between Augmentin and tetracycline groups were not significant, nor were the differences between ibuprofen and placebo. 10 months post-therapy, there was a reduction in the number of sites colonized in any subject group by detectable levels (10(3)) of P. gingivalis. Species showing similar reductions were B. forsythus, P. intermedia and P. micros. Subjects receiving systemically administered antibiotics had a significant increase in the proportion of sites colonized by C. ochracea coupled with a greater decrease in the number of sites colonized by P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, P. intermedia and P. micros post-therapy than subjects not receiving antibiotics. The results of this investigation indicate that adjunctive systemic antibiotics increase periodontal attachment "gain" and decrease the levels of some suspected periodontal pathogens in subjects with evidence of current disease progression.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroidaceae; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clavulanic Acids; Dental Plaque; Dental Scaling; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Ibuprofen; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Placebos; Subgingival Curettage; Surgical Flaps; Tetracycline

A randomized, single-blind, controlled study comparing the efficacy of an ointment containing two antibiotics, one containing one antibiotic plus hydrocortisone, and no treatment in reducing secondary infections in patients with patent Guinea worm was undertaken in the northern region of Ghana. Seventy-seven patients were included. Time to complete healing was significantly shorter in the treatment groups compared with the controls (P = 0.044 and P = 0.003, respectively). Secondary infections occurred more often in the controls (P = 0.00014). Ointments containing antibiotics are recommended for application at the early stage of patent Guinea worm infection.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Dracunculiasis; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Polymyxin B; Single-Blind Method; Skin Ulcer; Tetracycline

The efficacy of intrauterine oxytetracycline and a combination of benzydamine and tetracycline in preventing uterine infections in 150 Italian Friesian cows with retained placentas were compared. The animals were divided into three equal groups. Sixteen per cent of the oxytetracycline-treated group, 12 per cent of the benzydamine-tetracycline-treated group and 76 per cent of the untreated group developed endometritis. The difference between the two treatment groups was not significant but both treatments were effective in preventing septic complications in cows with retained placentas.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Benzydamine; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Female; Oxytetracycline; Placenta Diseases; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Tetracycline

Efficacy of doxycycline hydrochloride administered intravenously was studied in treatment of severe purulent inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia, lung abscesses, pyothorax, skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis, purulent cholangitis, etc.. Doxycycline showed significant advantages over tetracyclines: prolonged action, higher efficacy and good tolerance. Favourable results were observed in 85 per cent of the cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Child; Cholecystitis; Doxycycline; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Peritonitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bacterial Infections; Chi-Square Distribution; Clindamycin; Dental Implants; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Periodontitis; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Tetracycline

The role of bacteria in the bioavailability of protein-bound vitamin B12 was examined in eight elderly subjects who had atrophic gastritis and in eight normal controls. On separate days and in random order, vitamin B12 absorption tests were performed using either radiolabeled crystalline or protein-bound vitamin B12. At the same time, bacterial samples were collected from the upper gastrointestinal tract. The tests and gastrointestinal aspirates were performed before and during tetracycline therapy. Crystalline vitamin B12 was absorbed to the same extent in the two study groups. Atrophic gastritis subjects absorbed significantly less protein-bound vitamin B12 than normal controls (mean +/- SEM, 0.7% +/- 0.2% vs. 1.9% +/- 0.5%, respectively). However, protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption in these subjects normalized after antibiotic therapy. These results suggest that the small amounts of vitamin B12 released from the protein binders is readily absorbed (as shown in vitro) and/or metabolized by bacteria.

Topics: Achlorhydria; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Biological Availability; Female; Gastritis, Atrophic; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Tetracycline; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

A double blind study of daily doxycycline (100 mg) vs. weekly mefloquine (250 mg) was performed on United States soldiers training in Thailand to assess the effect of doxycycline malaria prophylaxis on the incidence of gastrointestinal infections. During a 5 week period, 49% (58/119) of soldiers receiving doxycycline and 48% (64/134) of soldiers receiving mefloquine reported an episode of diarrhea. Infection with bacterial enteric pathogens was identified in 39% (47/119) of soldiers taking doxycycline and 46% (62/134) of soldiers taking mefloquine. Forty-four percent (59/134) of soldiers receiving mefloquine and 36% (43/119) of soldiers receiving doxycycline were infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), while 9% (12/134) of soldiers receiving mefloquine and 4% of soldiers receiving doxycycline were infected with Campylobacter. Side effects from either medication were minimal. After 5 weeks in Thailand, the percent of non-ETEC strains resistant to greater than or equal to 2 antibiotics increased from 65% (77/119) to 86% (95/111) in soldiers on mefloquine and from 79% (84/106) to 93% (88/95) in soldiers on doxycycline. Doxycycline prophylaxis did not prevent or increase diarrheal disease in soldiers deployed to Thailand where ETEC and other bacterial pathogens are often resistant to tetracyclines.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Campylobacter; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Malaria; Male; Mefloquine; Military Personnel; Random Allocation; Tetracycline; Thailand

A double-blinded study was conducted to compare the effects of mupirocin and tetracycline ointments in the treatment of skin infections. 111 patients were available for clinical assessment, of which 53 were treated with mupirocin and 58 treated with tetracycline. Clinically, both groups were improved, and there was no significant difference. Bacteriological assessment however revealed a better response to mupirocin. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common organisms isolated. 99% of Staphylococci were sensitive to mupirocin compared with 61% to tetracycline and 29% to penicillin G. 57% of Group A beta haemolytic Streptococci were resistant to tetracycline compared to 14% to mupirocin. Gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to both preparations. No side effects were observed in both treatment groups. This study suggests that mupirocin is a safe and effective topical preparation for treating most of our common skin infections.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Mupirocin; Ointments; Random Allocation; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline

A prospective randomized trial was performed to determine the value of tetracycline lavage in addition to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in 159 patients undergoing elective and emergency intestinal operations. Tetracycline lavage was associated with a significant overall reduction in postoperative infection rates in 25 of 74 patients (34 percent) receiving saline lavage compared with 15 of 85 patients (18 percent) having tetracycline lavage (P less than 0.05). Tetracycline lavage was associated with a significant reduction in the counts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the peritoneal fluid at the end of the operation (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) and with a significant reduction of aerobes 24 hours postoperatively (P less than 0.02). Tetracycline lavage would appear to confer clinical benefit in preventing postoperative infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colonic Diseases; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Sodium Chloride; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Therapeutic Irrigation

This report describes a single-blind, comparative evaluation of cefaclor and tetracycline therapy for acute episodes of bacterial bronchitis due to Hemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. One therapeutic failure occurred in the 25 patients receiving cefaclor, and four occurred in the 26 patients receiving tetracycline. The latter failures were due to tetracycline-resistant organisms. Sputum cultures yielded 39 isolates of S pneumoniae and 11 of H influenzae. None of the isolates were resistant to cefaclor. In contrast, the incidence of resistance to tetracycline was 38% (18 of 48 isolates). All of the nine isolates of H influenzae tested were resistant to tetracycline; five of 11 H influenzae isolates were resistant to ampicillin, four of four were resistant to erythromycin, and five strains were resistant to multiple agents. These findings suggest that traditional therapy of bacterial bronchitis may be unsatisfactory in a substantial proportion of patients. The high cure rate and the absence of resistance found in the present study indicate that cefaclor is preferable to tetracycline in the treatment of bacterial bronchitis.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cefaclor; Cephalexin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

Neonatal Group B streptococcal infections may not respond to antimicrobial therapy and have been associated with case fatality rates of 50 per cent or greater. We evaluated the effect on colonization and disease rates of a single intramuscular dose of aqueous penicillin G given at birth in a prospectively controlled study of 18,738 neonates during a 25-month period. The colonization rate in the mothers was 26.6 per cent, with 50 per cent concordance in the untreated infants and 12.2 per cent in the penicillin-treated infants (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of disease caused by all penicillin-susceptible organisms in the penicillin group (0.64 vs. 2.26 cases per thousand live births, P = 0.005). Disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens was increased in the penicillin-treated group during the first year of the study but was unaffected during the second year. Routine administration of parenteral penicillin at birth cannot be recommended until the effect on the incidence of disease caused by penicillin-resistant pathogens is fully defined.

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Prospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tetracycline

One hundred and twenty-six adult patients with acute lower respiratory infection were studied in a double-blind trial. One group was treated with co-trimoxazole (480 mg trimethoprim and 2400 mg sulphamethoxazole) per day and the other group with tetracycline 2 g per day. The results showed that co-trimoxazole was significantly more effective than tetracycline as judged by clinical improvement, and the reduction in sputum volume and purulence. No haematological abnormalities were observed, but the incidence of side-effects, though mostly mild, was higher in the group of patients on tetracycline than in the co-trimoxazole group. The results of this study strongly suggest that co-trimoxazole may be a useful and reliable drug in the treatment and control of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the developing countries.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Penicillin Resistance; Premedication; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Influenza, Human; Lung; Minocycline; Neisseria meningitidis; Orthomyxoviridae; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiratory System; Respirovirus; Sputum; Tetracycline; Trachea

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Demeclocycline; Drug Combinations; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Amines; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; DNA; Fibrinogen; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Mucus; Penicillins; Recurrence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Saliva; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Cholestyramine Resin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Placebos; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Vietnam

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Biguanides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Urticaria

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pyuria; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Several classes of antibiotics have long been known for protective properties that cannot be explained through their direct antimicrobial effects. However, the molecular bases of these beneficial roles have been elusive. In this issue of the JCI, Mottis et al. report that tetracyclines induced disease tolerance against influenza virus infection, expanding their protection potential beyond resistance and disease tolerance against bacterial infections. The authors dissociated tetracycline's disease-resistance properties from its disease-tolerance properties by identifying potent tetracycline derivatives with minimal antimicrobial activity but increased capacity to induce an adaptive mitochondrial stress response that initiated disease tolerance mechanisms. These findings have potential clinical applications in viral infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

For stopping long-time harmful bacterial infection, designing a drug carrier with a highly prolonged release profile is a promising approach that is of interest to different biomedical areas. The subject of this work is to synthesis a novel carrier system through coordination of MIL-88(Fe) to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for enhancing interaction between drug and carrier. We established an ultrasound-assisted synthetic method for in situ synthesis of MIL-88(Fe) in the presence of CMC resulting in CMC/MIL-88(Fe) composite. The CMC/MIL-88(Fe) was loaded with a high amount of Tetracycline (TC) by immersion of carrier to the TC aqueous solution. The release profile in the simulated physiological conditions, pH 7.4, revealed a low initial burst release followed by a sustained and prolonged release over 384 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CMC/MIL-88(Fe) against Human skin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells was calculated by MTT assay and showed a good cytocompatibility. The antibacterial activity was found for TC-loaded CMC/MIL-88(Fe) toward both E. coli and S. aureus with MIC 64 mg·ml

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Escherichia coli; Fibroblasts; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Puerperal sepsis is any bacterial infection of the genital tract that occurs after childbirth. It is among the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality especially in low-income countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and factors associated with puerperal sepsis among post-partum/aborted women at a Referral Hospital in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to May 2017 among 166 post-partum/aborted women admitted to Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital for medical services and suspected for puerperal sepsis.. Socio-demographic data and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaire. Bacteria were isolated and identified from blood samples on Trypton soya broth, blood, Chocolate and MacConkey agars following standard bacteriological procedures. The VITEK 2 identification and susceptibility testing system was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Factors associated with puerperal sepsis were considered statistically significant at. The overall proportion of bacterial isolates among post-partum/aborted women was 33.7% (56/166); of which 55.4% was caused by Gram-negative and 44.6% was by Gram-positive bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were. About one third of post-partum/aborted women suspected for puerperal sepsis were infected with one or more bacterial isolates. Significant proportion of bacterial isolates showed mono and multi-drug resistance for the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Women with multiparous parity were more likely to develop puerperal sepsis than primiparous parity.

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefazolin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Risk Factors; Tetracycline; Young Adult

Numerous infectious diseases that cause clinical failures and relapses after antibiotic therapy have been confirmed to be induced by pathogenic intracellular bacteria. The existing therapeutic strategies fail to eliminate intracellular bacteria mainly due to a guard reservoir provided by the cell membrane, which can deactivate antibiotics. Herein, we have reported the design of a pH-responsive metal organic framework (MOF)/antibiotic synergistic system for the targeted highly efficient elimination of intracellular bacteria. The obtained tetracycline (Tet)@ZIF-8@ hyaluronic acid (HA) system (abbreviated to TZH) can be taken up by cells owing to the presence of CD44 receptors on the cell surface via an HA-mediated pathway. Zinc ions and antibiotics, released from TZH under acidic conditions caused by bacteria, have a synergistic antibacterial effect both in vitro and in vivo. The clearance rate of TZH to the intracellular bacteria reached over 98% within the limits of biotoxicity, which indicated that this delivery system can pass the cell membrane "barriers" and restore the efficacy of endangered antibiotics. This synergistic strategy shows potential in optimizing the efficacy-dosage correlation of antibiotics for related infection treatments and constructing versatile controlled release delivery systems for a broad range of applications.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Mice; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Eleven antimicrobial peptides (AMP) based on the incorporation of cyclic tetra substituted C(α) amino acids, as well as other unnatural amino acids were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro activity against 18 strains of bacteria as well as 12 cancer cell lines. The AMPs discussed herein are derived from the following peptide sequence: Ac-GF(X)G(X)B(X)G(X)F(X)G(X)GB(X)BBBB-amide, X=any one of the following residues, A5c, A6c, Tic or Oic and B=any one of the following residues, Arg, Lys, Orn, Dpr or Dab. A diversity of in vitro inhibitory activity was observed for these AMPs. Several analogs exhibited single digit μM activity against drug resistant bacteria including; multiple drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, extremely drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and MRSA. The physicochemical properties of the basic amino acid residues incorporated into these AMPs seem to play a major role in defining antibacterial activity. Overall hydrophobicity seems to play a limited role in defining antibacterial activity. The ESKAPE pathogens were used to compare the activity of these AMPs to another family of synthetic AMPs incorporating the unnatural amino acids Tic and Oic. In most cases similarly substituted members of both families exhibited similar inhibitory activity against the ESKAPE pathogens. In specific cases differences in activity as high as 15 fold were observed between analogs. In addition four of these AMPs exhibited promising IC50 (<7.5μM) values against 12 different and diverse cancer cell lines. Five other AMPs exhibited promising IC50 (<7.5μM) values against selected cancer cell lines.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neoplasms; Peptides; Tuberculosis

Large apical radiolucencies after endodontic treatment are usually advised orthograde retreatment, apical surgery and that too with a guarded prognosis. Microsurgical techniques, the use of ultrasonic and magnification aides, have been in use in the developed countries for the past few decades and have shown significant improvement in long-term success of such cases. MTA is proposed as one of the best materials for sealing root end surfaces. In this report, the healing response of cases of 2 large apical radiolucencies, found separately in the anterior maxilla, which were treated by orthograde as well as retrograde endodontic treatments and guided tissue regeneration techniques.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biopsy; Calcium Compounds; Drug Combinations; Female; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Oxides; Periapical Periodontitis; Radicular Cyst; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Obturation; Root Canal Therapy; Silicates; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

We describe the laboratory-confirmed etiologies of illness among participants in a hospital-based febrile illness cohort study in northern Tanzania who retrospectively met Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness District Clinician Manual (IMAI) criteria for septic shock, severe respiratory distress without shock, and severe pneumonia, and compare these etiologies against commonly used antimicrobials, including IMAI recommendations for emergency antibacterials (ceftriaxone or ampicillin plus gentamicin) and IMAI first-line recommendations for severe pneumonia (ceftriaxone and a macrolide). Among 423 participants hospitalized with febrile illness, there were 25 septic shock, 37 severe respiratory distress without shock, and 109 severe pneumonia cases. Ceftriaxone had the highest potential utility of all antimicrobials assessed, with responsive etiologies in 12 (48%) septic shock, 5 (14%) severe respiratory distress without shock, and 19 (17%) severe pneumonia illnesses. For each syndrome 17-27% of participants had etiologic diagnoses that would be non-responsive to ceftriaxone, but responsive to other available antimicrobial regimens including amphotericin for cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis; anti-tuberculosis therapy for bacteremic disseminated tuberculosis; or tetracycline therapy for rickettsioses and Q fever. We conclude that although empiric ceftriaxone is appropriate in our setting, etiologies not explicitly addressed in IMAI guidance for these syndromes, such as cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and tetracycline-responsive bacterial infections, were common.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Ceftriaxone; Child; Cohort Studies; Cryptococcosis; Emergencies; Female; Gentamicins; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Infections; Macrolides; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Shock, Septic; Tanzania; Tetracycline; Young Adult

This paper is the fourth in a series on the search for new antibacterial therapies, and covers new compounds belonging to the aminoglycoside, macrolide and tetracycline groups of antibiotics. The article describes eight new substances at the clinical trial stage of development. One of them is an aminoglycoside (plazomicin), four are macrolides, collectively known as ketolides (cethromycin, solithromycin, EDP-420 and EDP-788), and the remaining three are members of the tetracycline group (omadacycline, eravacycline, sarecycline). Despite the long-term and very expensive process of collecting documentation proving the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs, there is a possibility, that particular compounds find use as active ingredients of medicinal products allowing for the triumph over the clinically relevant, dangerous bacteria.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drugs, Investigational; Humans; Macrolides; Tetracycline

Two different series of N-substituted imidazolium oximes and their monoquaternary salts were synthesized and biologically tested with respect to their ability to inhibit growth a diverse panel of antibiotic susceptible Gram-positive and antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria as well fungal strains. The newly synthesized compounds were analyzed by spectral studies to confirm their structure. The preliminary results showed that all compounds tested possess promising antimicrobial potential against both susceptible Gram-positive and antibiotic resistant Gram-negative isolates, exhibiting a wide range of MIC values from 0.14 to 100.0 μg/mL. The structure-activity relationship demonstrates that the p-methylphenyl and p-fluorophenyl groups in monoquaternary salts 6 and 7 attached directly to the imidazolium ring could be essential for observed remarkable inhibitory profiles against clinically important pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=0.14 μg/mL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC=1.56 μg/mL). Furthermore, the broth microdilution assay was then used to investigate the antiresistance efficacy of compound 7 against fourteen extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in comparison to eight clinically relevant antibiotics. Compound 7 exhibited a remarkable antiresistance profiles ranging between 0.39 and 12.50 μg/mL against all of ESBL-producing strains, which leads to the suggestion that may be interesting candidate for development of new antimicrobials to combat multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Imidazoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Oximes

A quick and efficient synthesis and the biological evaluation of promising antitumor-antibiotics proximicins A, B and C are reported. The characteristic repetitive unit of these molecules, the methyl 4-Boc-aminofuran-2-carboxylate 15, was prepared in three synthetic steps in good yield using an optimised copper-catalysed amidation method. The proximicins were evaluated for their antitumor activity using cellular methods. Proximicin B induced apoptosis in both Hodgkin's lymphoma and T-cell leukemia cell lines and proximicin C exhibited significantly high cytotoxicity against glioblastoma and breast carcinoma cells. The proximicins were also screened against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and several strains of methicillin-and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Proximicin B showed noteworthy activity against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive cocci.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Apoptosis; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line, Tumor; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Netropsin; Staphylococcus aureus

This article describes a portable microfluidic technology for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics against bacteria. The microfluidic platform consists of a set of chambers molded in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) that are preloaded with antibiotic, dried, and reversibly sealed to a second layer of PDMS containing channels that connect the chambers. The assembled device is degassed via vacuum prior to its use, and the absorption of gas by PDMS provides the mechanism for actuating and metering the flow of fluid in the microfluidic channels and chambers. During the operation of the device, degas driven flow introduces a suspension of bacterial cells, dissolves the antibiotic, and isolates cells in individual chambers without cross contamination. The growth of bacteria in the chambers in the presence of a pH indicator produces a colorimetric change that can be detected visually using ambient light. Using this device we measured the MIC of vancomycin, tetracycline, and kanamycin against Enterococcus faecalis 1131, Proteus mirabilis HI4320, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli MG1655 and report values that are comparable to standard liquid broth dilution measurements. The device provides a simple method for MIC determination of individual antibiotics against human pathogens that will have applications for clinical and point-of-care medicine. Importantly, this device is designed around simplicity: it requires a single pipetting step to introduce the sample, no additional components or external equipment for its operation, and provides a straightforward visual measurement of cell growth. As the device introduces a novel approach for filling and isolating dead-end microfluidic chambers that does not require valves and actuators, this technology should find applications in other portable assays and devices.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Equipment Design; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Reproducibility of Results; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Aim of the study was to assess both prevalence and antibiotic resistance in anaerobic bacteria from glans penis skin of 70 adults. Strain susceptibility was determined by breakpoint susceptibility test or E test. In 9 asymptomatic, 48 untreated and 13 treated symptomatic patients, anaerobes were found in 22.2%, 70.8% and 53.3%, respectively. Gram-positive strains (GPAs) were 2.2-fold more common than Gram-negative ones. Prevalent Gram-negative (GNAs) and GPAs were Prevotella spp. and anaerobic cocci, respectively. Clostridium difficile strain was found in an untreated patient. In GNAs, resistance rates to amoxicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate were 42.1, 0, 52.6, 53.3, 86.7 and 5.2%, respectively. In GPAs, the resistance rates to metronidazole, clindamycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanate were 18.2, 34.1, 52.6, 36.8 and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, anaerobes were 1.6-fold more frequent in untreated symptomatic patients compared with other patients, suggesting their participation in development of chronic balanitis. GPAs were more common than GNAs. The resistance rates to amoxicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin were high. Most active agents were metronidazole and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Resistance in anaerobes varies according to sites of specimens and years of study.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Balanitis; Clindamycin; Clostridioides difficile; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Male; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Young Adult

Antibiotics are drugs used for treatment of infections caused by bacteria. Misuse and overuse of these drugs have contributed to phenomena known as antibiotic resistance. In this research, the antimicrobial resistance of the Shigella has been determined. This descriptive research analyzed registered laboratory data of patients referred to Fatemeh Zahra Hospital of the Bushehr, Iran. Shigella was isolated from their cultured sample from the year 2002-2008. In this study, the total of 121 registered Shigella collected from 2002-2008 were analyzed. There were 62 cases of S. sonnei, 46 cases of S. flexneri, eight cases of S. boydii and five cases of S. dysenteriae among them. Furthermore, two cases of Shigella sonnei were collected from the blood and the rest from the watery stools of the infected patients. The following is the resistance pattern of these organisms; to ciprofloxacin, 4.25%; ceftizoxime, 8.62%; nalidixic acid, 12.12%; co-trimoxazole, 86.13% and to tetracycline, 93.02%. Results ofantibiogram showed that highest rate of drug resistance belongs to tetracycline and co-trimoxazole and the lowest belongs to ciprofloxacin and ceftizoxime. One of the important issue for clinicians, now a day is drug resistance of microorganisms. This phenomenon is increasing due to some factors such as improper use of antibiotics and irrational prescribing. These factors lead to development of new drug resistant species.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Shigella; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

In this paper the novel N-cycloalkyl-(cycloalkylaryl)-2-[(3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-6-yl)thio]acetamides synthesis by aminolysis of activated by thionyl chloride or carbonyldiimidazole [(3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-thio]acetic acids and alkylation of the 3-R-6-thio-6,7-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-2-ones potassium salts with N-cycloalkyl-(cycloalkylaryl)-2-chloroacetamides are proposed. The structures of compounds are determined by (1)H, (13)C NMR, LC-MS and EI-MS analysis. The in vitro anticancer, antibacterial activity and Photobacterium leiognathi Sh1 bioluminescence inhibition of synthesized compounds were revealed. SAR results were discussed. Compound 4.10 was found to be the most anticancer active one, selectively influenced on the non-small cell lung and CNS cancer cell lines, especially on the HOP-92 (log GI(50) = -6.01) and U251 (log GI(50) = -6.00).

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Quinazolines

Data on more than a decade of outpatient use of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials in Europe were collected from 33 countries as part of the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) project, funded by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).. For the period 1997-2009, data on outpatient use of systemic tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in defined daily doses (DDD; WHO, version 2011) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification, trends in the use of tetracyclines (J01A), sulphonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) and other antibacterials (J01X) over time, seasonal variation and composition of use were analysed.. In 2009, the variations in outpatient use of systemic tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials between countries, and also in the composition of use over time, were huge. For tetracyclines a significant and for sulphonamides and trimethoprim a non-significant decrease in use was observed between 1997 and 2009 in Europe. The seasonal variation in their use significantly decreased over time. For the other antibacterials, no significant changes in the volume of use or its seasonal variation were seen.. As for all other major antibiotic subgroups, a striking variation in use and composition of use between countries in Europe was observed for outpatient use of tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and other antibacterials. In combination with the decreasing use, especially of recommended substances, this represents an opportunity not only to reduce antibiotic use but also to improve its quality.

Topics: Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Utilization; Europe; Humans; Outpatients; Pharmacoepidemiology; Respiratory Tract Infections; Seasons; Statistics as Topic; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Urinary Tract Infections

The rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains represents an emerging health problem that has motivated efforts to develop new antibacterial agents. Endogenous cationic antibacterial peptides (CAPs) that are produced in tissues exposed to the external environment are one model for the design of novel antibacterial compounds. Here, we report evidence that disubstituted dexamethasone-spermine (D2S), a cationic corticosteroid derivative initially identified as a by-product of synthesis of dexamethasone-spermine (DS) for the purpose of improving cellular gene delivery, functions as an antibacterial peptide-mimicking molecule. This moiety exhibits bacterial killing activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa present in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Although compromised in the presence of plasma, D2S antibacterial activity resists the proteolytic activity of pepsin and is maintained in ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. D2S also enhances S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics, such as amoxicillin (AMC), tetracycline (T), and amikacin (AN). Inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-treated neutrophils in the presence of D2S suggests that this molecule might also prevent systemic inflammation caused by bacterial wall products. D2S-mediated translocation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) suggests that some of its anti-inflammatory activities involve engagement of glucocorticoid receptors. The combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of D2S suggest its potential as an alternative to natural CAPs in the prevention and treatment of some bacterial infections.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Cathelicidins; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Dexamethasone; Drug Design; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukins; Macrophages; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Spermine; Staphylococcus aureus

Local delivery of antibiotics may provide the advantage of reducing the potential side effects associated with their systemic administration. This study assessed, in vitro, the antimicrobial efficacy of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) adsorbed onto Bio-Oss bone grafts against a range of pathogenic bacteria. Various levels of TCH were adsorbed onto Bio-Oss granules by immersing in TCH aqueous solutions of different initial concentrations for 48 h at room temperature. TCH release was assessed in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C, and its antimicrobial efficacy, up to 96 h, was tested against two Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal diseases: Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and one Gram-positive bacterium associated with soft-tissue and bone infections: Staphylococcus aureus. The range of TCH concentrations studied was also assessed for cytotoxicity against osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cell lines. The amount of TCH adsorbed and released from Bio-Oss was concentration dependent. All TCH adsorbed Bio-Oss resulted in a reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and S. aureus and higher concentrations were generally more effective in reducing or eliminating bacterial growth. The proliferation of HOS cells was not substantially reduced except for the maximum concentration of TCH. In addition to its osteoconductive role, TCH adsorbed Bio-Oss could also be functional in negating systemically antibiotic prophylactic treatment in the prevention of implant or biomaterial related infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Minerals; Tetracycline

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to detect residues of tetracycline (TC), epi-tetracycline (eTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in animal hair was developed. Hair samples were washed with water, extracted with NH(4)OH 0.1M, purified by SPE-C(18) cartridge and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(+), MRM mode) with satisfactory results. For the first time, accumulation of TC, eTC and OTC was confirmed in livestock hairs after a therapeutic treatment with TC and OTC, respectively. Administered drug residues were detectable in hair samples up to 2 months after the last treatment, providing a retrospective evidence of TC and OTC administration. Hair analysis seems to offer a wider window of detection than edible tissues.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Residues; Hair; Muscles; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetracycline

QPT-1 was discovered in a compound library by high-throughput screening and triage for substances with whole-cell antibacterial activity. This totally synthetic compound is an unusual barbituric acid derivative whose activity resides in the (-)-enantiomer. QPT-1 had activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, was nontoxic to eukaryotic cells, and showed oral efficacy in a murine infection model, all before any medicinal chemistry optimization. Biochemical and genetic characterization showed that the QPT-1 targets the beta subunit of bacterial type II topoisomerases via a mechanism of inhibition distinct from the mechanisms of fluoroquinolones and novobiocin. Given these attributes, this compound represents a promising new class of antibacterial agents. The success of this reverse genomics effort demonstrates the utility of exploring strategies that are alternatives to target-based screens in antibacterial drug discovery.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Area Under Curve; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

In order to investigate the effects of tiamulin, neomycin, tetracycline, fluorophenicol, penicillin G, Linco-Spectin (0.15 mg mL(-1) lincomycin + 0.3 mg mL(-1) spectinomycin), erythromycin and oxytetracycline on controlling bacterial contaminations of the river buffalo semen, 120 mL diluted buffalo bull semen (diluted by tris-egg yolk extender) was divided into 5 mL tubes after initial evaluation and before (control sample) and at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after adding each of the above antibiotics at the recommended dose (D) and twice the recommended dose (Dx2) to the semen samples, each sample was cultured 4 times on Muller-Hinton agar medium and the results were recorded after 18 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Tiamulin, tetracycline, neomycin and fluorophenicol were ineffective. Oxytetracycline was effective in both D and Dx2 (p < 0.001). Penicillin G in both D and Dx2 was effective (p < 0.001). Linco-Spectin was effective, though not significant, in D at 2 h and in Dx2 at 0 h only. Erythromycin in D was not significantly effective, but, in Dx2 was effective (p < 0.001). Duration of the antibiotic exposure had no significant effect on the antibiotic potentials except for Linco-Spectin at 2 h (p < 0.014). The biochemical tests identified the contaminant bacteria as being a member of Arcanobacter (Corynebacterium) sp. In the next step, the semen sample of the same bull was taken, semen quality tests were carried out and the semen was diluted with the same extender (tris-egg yolk) + 7% glycerol, containing a double dose (Dx2) of these antibiotics and semen quality tests were carried out immediately after dilution, 18 h after storage at 4 degrees C and after the semen was packed in the straws, frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) and later thawed in 37 degrees C water bath to investigate whether these antibiotics have any adverse effect on the spermatozoa during the process of freezing and thawing. The comparison of the results with those of the control group (the sample undergone the same process without adding antibiotics) indicated that oxytetracycline adversely affected sperm motility at 0 and 18 h, all the antibiotics had a lower percentage of sperm abnormal morphology than the control at 0 and 18 h, except for Linco-Spectin at 18 h and after freezing-thawing and tetracycline after freezing and thawing the sample which were the same as the control. Sperm viability was not affected by antibiotics before and after freezing. It was concluded that oxytetr

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Buffaloes; Diterpenes; Erythromycin; Lincomycin; Male; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Semen; Spectinomycin; Temperature; Tetracycline; Thiamphenicol

The objective of this report was to document the pattern of initial antibiotic prescribing in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a hospital setting. All episodes of acute exacerbation of COPD, as diagnosed by the admitting doctor, in one hospital in the period January to May 1996, were identified. Case notes were reviewed retrospectively. Cases of radiographic pneumonia, bronchiectasis and incorrectly coded admissions were excluded. Symptoms, microbial cultures and initial antibiotic therapies were recorded. One hundred and fifty-nine patient episodes were identified; 40 were excluded yielding a sample of 119. Nineteen case notes were unavailable leaving a sample of 100 (84%) episodes. Eighty were treated with antibiotics on admission; amoxycillin was the most frequently prescribed, in 46 (58%) episodes. Of the antibiotic treated group, 42 (53%) patients were given dual therapy, most commonly a macrolide antibiotic with either amoxycillin or a cephalosporin. Intravenous treatment was used in 22 (28%) cases. The duration of intravenous treatment was >48 h in 12 (15%) cases. A total of 76 sputum samples were analysed from 55 patient episodes: 34 (45%) were culture positive. In 15 (27%) patient episodes, antibiotic therapy was changed or instituted on the basis of culture results. These data suggest that antibiotic treatment is not optimal, with overuse of antibiotics, especially intravenous and dual therapy.

Topics: Aged; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Case-Control Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Penicillins; Retrospective Studies; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bismuth; Child; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter heilmannii; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Organometallic Compounds; Salicylates; Tetracycline

Apexification with calcium hydroxide is a routine procedure. However, some clinical reports suggest that root completion can occur by controlling the infection without use of a catalyst. The present study investigated the use of tetracycline treatment (in root canals) on root growth in immature teeth, rendered non-vital experimentally. Incisors in 3 young baboons were exposed and canals were left open. After 2 months all canals were cleaned and treated with either tetracycline or formocresol. Some canals in each group were filed. Animals were sacrificed after 6 months. Bacterial evaluations were done before placing medications, one week later and six months after that. The number of bacteria were reduced in all treatment groups. Root growth almost near completion was observed in more teeth treated with tetracycline than in the formocresol group.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; Formocresols; Incisor; Male; Papio; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Therapy; Tetracycline; Tooth Apex

The management of malignant pericardial effusion remains controversial. We present our experience with 93 patients referred for drainage and sclerosing procedures between 1979 and 1994.. With continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, a Kifa catheter was inserted percutaneously into the pericardial sac and allowed to drain. A 100 mg dose of lidocaine hydrochloride was instilled intrapericardially, followed by 500 to 1000 mg tetracycline or doxycycline hydrochloride in 20 to 50 ml normal saline solution. The catheter was clamped for 1 to 2 hours and then reopened, and the procedure was repeated daily until the net drainage was less than 25 ml in 24 hours.. Subjects included 53 women and 40 men (median age 58 years). Eight patients could not undergo sclerosis because of technical failure. Eighty-five patients underwent sclerosis and required a median dose of 1500 mg of the sclerosing agent (range 500 to 700 mg), given in a median of three injections (range one to eight). Complications included pain (17 patients), atrial arrhythmias (eight patients), fever with temperature greater than 38.5 degrees C (seven patients), and infection (one patient). Two patients had cardiac arrest before sclerosis could be attempted. Sixty-eight patients (73%) had the effusion controlled for longer than 30 days, for an overall control rate of 81%. Seven other patients had control of the effusion but died of progressive malignant disease in less than 30 days. The overall median survival was 98 days (range 1 to 1724 days). Comparison of these results with outcomes reported for patients with malignant pericardial effusion who underwent surgical drainage indicates that drainage and sclerosis provide similar survivals but sclerosis carries lower morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates.. Percutaneous drainage and sclerosis constitutes a safe and effective treatment for malignant pericardial effusion. Surgical management should be reserved for the small percentage of cases that cannot be controlled by this method.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bacterial Infections; Breast Neoplasms; Cardiac Tamponade; Catheterization; Doxycycline; Drainage; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Female; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Arrest; Humans; Lidocaine; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardium; Sclerosing Solutions; Survival Rate; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Measurement of the fibrinolytic response of the peritoneum to experimental peritonitis and ischaemia.. Controlled study. Academic surgical unit, UK MATERIAL: Male Wistar rats. Peritoneal injuries were caused in four groups of male Wistar rats (n = 35 in each group): (1) control group ("open and close" laparotomy); (2) bacterial peritonitis (mixed faecal flora); (3) chemical peritonitis (10 mg/ml tetracycline) and; (4) ischaemic peritoneum (ligated peritoneal buttons). Peritoneal biopsy specimens were taken from five animals in each group at seven time intervals and plasminogen activating activity (PAA) measured by fibrin plate assay.. Compared with the control group the three peritoneal injuries produced a uniform reduction in PAA during the first 6 and 12 hours: at 6 hours the median PAA was 0.029 IU/cm2 for bacterial peritonitis, 0.021 IU/cm2 for chemical peritonitis, and 0.05 IU/cm2 for ischaemic peritoneum compared with 0.112 IU/cm2 for the control group; p < 0.001, ANOVA. At 12 hours the median PAA was 0.024 IU/cm2 for bacterial peritonitis, < or = 0.014 IU/cm2 for chemical peritonitis, and 0.05 IU/cm2 for ischaemic peritoneum compared with 0.112 IU/cm2 for the control group; p < 0.001, ANOVA. There then followed a rebound peak in all groups, maximal at 4-7 days, before a return to baseline values at two weeks.. Peritoneal fibrinolysis was appreciably inhibited after three different standardised peritoneal injuries. The data support the hypothesis that there is a single pathophysiological mechanism of adhesion formation.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Ischemia; Male; Models, Biological; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Plasminogen; Postoperative Period; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Sutural materials containing antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline were studied on dogs with respect to the action on development of inflammation reactions after operations on the large intestine. It was shown that the antibacterial surgical threads had a prophylactic action and inhibited infection development. There was noted a significant advantage of the threads over the control ones not containing the antibiotics. The inflammatory reactions were less intensive and of shorter duration. The terms of onset and completion of the reparation also markedly shortened.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Dogs; Gentamicins; Inflammation; Postoperative Complications; Sutures; Tetracycline

Susceptible rat strains develop hepatobiliary injury following the surgical creation of self-filling blind loops that cause small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Luminal bacteria or their cell wall polymers were implicated in the pathogenesis of the lesions because sham-operated rats and rats with self-emptying blind loops, having only slightly increased bacterial counts, did not develop hepatic injury. In this study, antibiotics with different spectra of activities were continuously administered starting 1 day or 22 days after surgery to determine which intestinal flora may be responsible for the development of hepatic injury in rats with small bowel bacterial overgrowth. Four weeks following surgery, Lewis rats with self-filling blind loops receiving no antibiotics had elevated liver histology scores (8.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.4) and plasma aspartate aminotransferase levels (269 +/- 171 vs. 84 +/- 24) compared with sham-operated rats, P less than 0.001. Oral gentamicin as well as oral and intraperitoneal polymyxin B, which binds endotoxin, did not prevent hepatic injury in rats with self-filling blind loops. However, oral metronidazole and tetracycline therapy continuously administered beginning 1 day after surgery diminished hepatic injury (histology score 3.0 +/- 1.8, 2.9 +/- 1.1; aspartate aminotransferase 87 +/- 25, 98 +/- 34; respectively P less than 0.001 compared with self-filling blind loops receiving no antibiotics). Metronidazole also protected Wistar rats that require 12 weeks to develop hepatic injury following experimentally induced small bowel bacterial overgrowth compared with rats with self-filling blind loops that received no antibiotic treatment (histology score 10.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 0.7 +/- 1.1, and aspartate aminotransferase 273 +/- 239 vs. 76 +/- 20, P less than 0.001). When rats started metronidazole therapy 22 days after self-filling blind loop surgery, elevated aspartate aminotransferase values decreased to normal during the next 77 days and final histology scores were normal. All rats with self-filling blind loops had negative peritoneal, liver, spleen, and blood cultures but approximately 75% of mesenteric lymph node cultures were positive irrespective of antibiotic treatment. Because Bacteroides species have been implicated in causing vitamin B12 and disaccharidase deficiencies in rats with self-filling blind loops, we documented the presence or absence of these organisms from blind loops using selective culture techniques. Metronidazo

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Colony Count, Microbial; Female; Gentamicins; Hepatomegaly; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Metronidazole; Polymyxin B; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline

Evidence to date has demonstrated the potential value of acrylic strips to deliver antimicrobial compounds into periodontal pockets. The present study was designed to evaluate further the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial acrylic strips in the management of chronic periodontitis. A total of 101 pockets in 69 patients were randomly treated with (1) chlorhexidine strips, (2) metronidazole strips, (3) tetracycline strips, (4) root planing, and (5) combined root planing and metronidazole strips. Immediately before and after treatment clinical measurements of disease were recorded over a three-month period. For all treatment groups significant improvements in clinical parameters were seen compared to control untreated sites but the most effective treatment was combined root planing and metronidazole and the least effective chlorhexidine. Although not significant, combined root planing and metronidazole also appeared to produce some adjunctive effects on clinical parameters compared to root planing alone. Antimicrobial acrylic strips appear useful treatments for chronic periodontitis, but should be used primarily as an adjunct to conventional root planing.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Chlorhexidine; Chronic Disease; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Root Planing; Tetracycline

A 48-year-old woman, who had undergone reversal of a jejunal loop, presented with skin eruptions, myalgia and arthralgia. Delayed gastric emptying was associated with a gastric phytobezoar. The clinicopathological features and response to therapy were typical of the dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, and probably were related to bacterial overgrowth.

Topics: Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Arthritis; Bacterial Infections; Bezoars; Candidiasis; Combined Modality Therapy; Dermatitis; Female; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Jejunum; Lactobacillus; Middle Aged; Stomach; Streptococcal Infections; Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Norfloxacin; Quinolones; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

An adult Bangladeshi woman had persistent bloody diarrhea. Repeated stool cultures yielded Plesiomonas shigelloides in pure growth. Tissue specimens of the colon were consistent with pseudomembranous colitis. Treatment with tetracycline, to which the isolate was susceptible, brought prompt recovery; the stool cultures became negative and the serum antibody titer against P. shigelloides lipopolysaccharide, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition with P. shigelloides lipopolysaccharide-sensitized sheep erythrocytes, declined from 1:160 to 1:40.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Colon; Colonoscopy; Dysentery; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Vibrionaceae

A gram-negative bacteria designated DF-3 was cultured on multiple occasions from stool samples of a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and chronic diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy resulted in elimination of the organism and resolution of the patient's symptoms. DF-3 has not been linked previously to human disease; because of its fastidious growth characteristics and unique isolation requirements, it may be a rarely identified cause of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms in immunocompromised patients.

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Tetracycline

In this study we have examined antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from various samples of 75 patients. Anaerobic bacteria from 22 (29.3%) patients, and only aerobic bacteria from 29 (38.7%) patients have been isolated; there has been no growth in cultures from 24 (32%) patients. Of 75 isolates from 51 patients 38 (50.6%) are anaerobic and 37 (49.4%) are aerobic bacteria. Following anaerobic bacteria have been isolated: Peptostreptococcus (13), Peptococcus (5), microaerophilic streptococci (2), Veillonella (1), Bacteroides (9), Fusobacterium (4) and non spore forming anaerobic gram positive bacilli (4). Among the 38 anaerobic bacteria the highest resistance has been shown against tetracycline (65.8%). Resistance rates for cephalothin, erythromycin and penicillin G are 28.9%, 15.8% and 7.8%. In our investigation we have shown no resistance against carbenicillin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin G; Tetracycline

A comparative study of the in vitro activity of norfloxacin was performed versus that of aminoglycosides, pipemidic acid, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. These antibiotics are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in the treatment of enteric and urinary tract infections. Results obtained with norfloxacin against Gram-negative isolates tested were very encouraging. MIC values for the Enterobacteriaceae were less than or equal to 0.47 mcg/ml, and for Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter less than or equal to 32.5 mcg/ml. The activity of norfloxacin against Pseudomonas was inferior to that of amikacin, but superior to that of gentamicin. In association with aminoglycosides, norfloxacin proved to be most useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections, while norfloxacin associated with tetracycline and chloramphenicol did not give satisfactory results in the treatment of enteric infections.

Topics: Acinetobacter; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Norfloxacin; Pipemidic Acid; Pseudomonas; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

4260 conjunctival specimens of 2850 outpatients with keratoconjunctivitis of presumed infectious etiology were studied. Two thousand six hundred sixty-eight specimens (63%) revealed growth of bacteria, and 80 (2%) growth of fungi. One hundred ninety-nine specimens (5%) were McCoy cell culture or direct stain (monoclonal antibody or Giemsa) positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. two patients had a C. psittaci infection (ELISA techniques). In patients with keratoconjunctivitis of bacterial etiology, overall incidence of McCoy cell culture-proven chlamydial infections was 7%; in the 20 to 30-year age group it was 12.5%. Simultaneous infections of chlamydiae and other bacteria were seen in 34 patients. Since sensitive and specific tests to diagnose chlamydial infections are available, ophthalmologists may be able to prevent these infections by agent-specific antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Erythromycin; Germany, West; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Keratoconjunctivitis; Rural Population; Social Class; Tetracycline; Urban Population

Analysis of clinical features of infectious complications of lung cancer was carried out to obtain the informations necessary for the efficient management. Infectious complications developed in 114 patients out of 188 patient of primary lung cancer who were admitted to the institute during the period of two years from 1982 to 1983. From the results of the analysis it was revealed that anticancer chemotherapy was extensively restricted by coexistent infectious complications. Therefore, complete and partial responses in the patients associated with infections was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than that in the patients without infection. Survival rate at the point of one year after the admission was also lower with significance (p less than 0.05) in the patients with infections than that in the patients without infections. Main and direct cause of the infection was bronchial obstruction. Therefore, the incidence of the infectious complication was the highest in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Of defence mechanism against infection, cellular immunity seemed to play the more important role as compared with that of humoral immunity. And it was shown that decrease in number of lymphocytes was most closely related to the development of serious or terminal infections. Causative organisms in most of the pulmonary infections were opportunistic Gram-negative bacilli. Recently, the incidence of the infections due to E. colioand K. pneumoniae decreased and that due to Enterobacteriaceae except for these two species increased. Therapeutic efficacy rate of antimicrobial agents including cephems of the 3rd generation remained as low as 50% or so. However, the cure rate of the triple regimen consisted of beta-lactam, aminoglycoside and tetracycline was revealed to be satisfactorily high.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Lactams; Leukocyte Count; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serum Albumin; Tetracycline

Many factors are involved in choice of an antimicrobial agent. Cost has become a matter of increasing concern. Of course, overall expense for the hospitalized patient includes costs of tests for monitoring for toxicity as well as administration costs, which are affected by the dosing frequency. A reasoned choice necessitates knowledge of the place of newer agents in the therapeutic armamentarium and of some new applications of well-established drugs.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Clindamycin; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Metronidazole; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Tissue Distribution; Vancomycin

Chronic prostatitis is a common disorder sometimes caused by bacterial infection of the prostate. Documentation of such infection requires quantitative culture of carefully collected sequential urine and prostatic fluid specimens (bacterial localization cultures). However, culture of the midstream urine and prostatic fluid alone usually is sufficient to rule out this diagnostic possibility. A practical strategy for the bacteriologic investigation of chronic prostatitis that combines each of these maneuvers--midstream urine and prostatic fluid culture first, then subsequent bacterial localization cultures if pathogenic bacteria are isolated from the initial cultures--is outlined.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Specimen Handling; Tetracycline

To test the hypothesis that the in-vivo antibiotic action of tetracycline might be affected by ferric iron and the enhancement of infection by ferric iron by tetracycline, the actions of intraperitoneal antibiotic and local ferric ammonium citrate, given separately and together, were measured in the dorsal skin of guinea-pigs bearing lesions due to staphylococci, streptococci, a Proteus sp., an Erysipelothrix sp., Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tetracycline, given in two intraperitoneal doses of 25 mg/kg at 0 and 2 h after intracutaneous challenge, maintained plasma concentrations of 4-6 micrograms/ml for more than the first 4 h of infection, after which the local lesions had become largely insusceptible to the antibiotic. The intracutaneous injection of Fe 10 micrograms in a volume of 0.1 ml containing the bacteria was sufficient to enhance infection by those strains susceptible to this effect. The in-vivo efficacy of tetracycline was not always related to low MIC; a low MIC was sometimes associated with little action and a high MIC with moderate action. Sixteen organisms were tested. The iron diminished the tetracycline effect only feebly with one staphylococcal strain and the strain of E. rhusiopathiae. In only one case, with a strain of Proteus sp., was the tetracycline action grossly diminished. On the other hand, tetracycline diminished the enhancement effect of iron moderately with three strains of staphylococci and one strain each of K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and C. perfringens, and strongly with two strains of staphylococci, a group-C streptococcus and one strain each of K. pneumoniae, E. rhusiopathiae and A. hydrophila. It is evident that the diminution of tetracycline action by moderate excess of readily available Fe , whether endogenous or administered, is an unlikely event (three instances among the 16 tested) whereas the diminution of the infection-enhancing effect of iron by tetracycline is much more likely (12 instances among the 16). Insofar as a decrease in iron available for enhancement of infection is valid evidence of a diminution of the iron available for necessary physiological processes of the subject treated, our results suggest that these processes might be affected by tetracycline.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Female; Ferric Compounds; Guinea Pigs; Iron; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tetracycline

The 14CO2- glycylcholate breath test (also called the bile acid breath test) was performed in a group of 42 normal young volunteers (group A), a group of 25 elderly subjects in apparently good health (group B) and a group of 22 hospitalized geriatric patients presenting with weight loss (group C). The 95 percentile value of the cumulative 14CO2 excretion at the third and the sixth hour in group A was taken as the limit for normal values for 14CO2 excretion. Using these criteria 56% of group B subjects and 50% of group C patients were considered abnormal at the third hour, whereas at the sixth hour these percentages were 56% and 54%, respectively. Repetition of the bile acid breath test after antibiotic treatment in the hospitalized group suggested that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine was responsible for the abnormal 14CO2 breath test in the elderly persons. However, the large number of abnormal tests in healthy elderly people, not complaining of any gastro-intestinal discomfort, indicates that bacterial overgrowth may remain asymptomatic and that an abnormal test does not necessarily mean that the symptoms of a patient are to be ascribed to this finding.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bile Acids and Salts; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Glycocholic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes; Tetracycline

Combination of rifampicin with trimethoprim, erythromycin, tetracycline or fusidic acid have some desirable features in the treatment of difficult infections. They are active against a very wide range of possible pathogens. Resistance to rifampicin is rare. Such combinations may be bactericidal and may be usefully synergistic. They may prevent or delay the emergence of bacterial resistant seen when some single agents are used. They can be used in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. A series of life-threatening infections has been treated with rifampicin-containing combinations. The infections included endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, Legionnaire's disease, and head and neck sepsis. A major reason for the choice of drug was often penicillin hypersensitivity. A second reason was the presumption (mostly subsequently confirmed) that streptococci and/or staphylococci were implicated. The clinical outcome of these infections was generally satisfactory, with few side effects and little evidence of the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Legionnaires' Disease; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Rifampin; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

The lethal effects of the fluorinated ether anesthetics fluroxene (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl ether) and its ethyl (TFEE) and allyl analogues in male Wistar rats have previously been demonstrated to be potentiated by specific hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450, and mediated by the common metabolite 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). We report here that administration of lethal combinations of anesthetic and cytochrome P-450-inducing agents or of lethal doses of TFE (0.21 g/kg and higher) to rats caused decreased white blood cell counts, necrosis of sternum bone marrow cells and lymphocytes in the thymic cortex, and resulted in Escherichia coli contamination of the blood, lungs, liver, and kidneys of treated rats. Control animals in identical environments were free of bacterial contamination. Pretreatment of rats with the antibiotic tetracycline-HCl in the drinking water (0.6 g/liter) from 24 hr before anesthetic or TFE administration significantly diminished the mortality. With TFEE and beta-naphthoflavone induction, mortality was reduced from 85 to 30% by the antibiotic. However, the antibody plaque assay following immunization with sheep erythrocytes indicated that the primary humoral immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen was not impaired in treated rats. These results considered together indicate that metabolic formation of TFE from the anesthetic agents produced a decreased host resistance with subsequent increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. If not administered the antibiotic, the animals succumbed to the infection.

Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Ethers; Ethyl Ethers; Immunity; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Lymphatic System; Male; Necrosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline; Trifluoroethanol

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Propionibacterium acnes in seventy-five acne patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy demonstrated the emergence of resistant strains. The mean MIC in thirty-three patients receiving long-term tetracycline was four to five times higher than that found in control groups of acne patients not receiving antibiotic therapy and controls free of acne. The average MIC for erythromycin was more than 100 times higher in those receiving long-term antibiotic therapy. In a second group of sixty-two patients, the clinical course and number of P. acnes were correlated with the presence of "resistant strains" defined as P. acnes with a tenfold increase in MIC to tetracycline or erythromycin. Patients with resistant strains had higher counts of P. acnes and clinically were not doing as well as those with sensitive strains.

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Propionibacterium acnes; Tetracycline

Microbiologic and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. Providencia alcalifaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. The histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.

Topics: Animals; Anura; Bacterial Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Labyrinth Diseases; Labyrinthitis; Panophthalmitis; Tetracycline

An evaluation of over 350 patients in a study of congenital contractures of the joints (arthrogryposis) included a review of family, pregnancy, and delivery histories for teratogenic exposures. Fifteen out of the total 350 patients studied had a possible teratogenic exposure: an infectious agent (viral or bacterial), maternal drug or toxin ingestion, chronic maternal neurologic or muscular illness, or a direct physical insult such as a structural uterine anomaly. Literature was reviewed for all human and animal cases reported with congenital contractures of the joints with an associated teratogenic insult. Those findings are discussed here.

Topics: Animals; Arthrogryposis; Bacterial Infections; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methocarbamol; Muscular Dystrophies; Myasthenia Gravis; Plants, Toxic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Teratogens; Tetracycline; Virus Diseases

Objectives criteria of semen quality were evaluated in 243 men treated for Ureaplasma urealyticum genital tract infection with 1 of 4 different antibiotic regimens. Significant improvement was observed in motility, quantity, quality, and percentages of oval and small forms. Doxycycline, whether used for 2 or 4 weeks, at a dosage of 100 mg, twice daily resulted in the same cure rate (79 and 81 per cent, respectively). Tetracycline regimens of 500 mg. 3 times daily for 2 or 4 weeks had significantly inferior cure rates (17 and 55 per cent, respectively). These findings suggest that antibiotic therapy could be valuable in improving semen quality when Ureaplasma is isolated, and that followup culture for the organism should decide the endpoint in therapy, since resistant strains for doxycycline and tetracycline are emerging.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Tetracycline; Ureaplasma

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphotericin B; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Suppositories; Tetracycline; Vaginitis

One hundred seventy-one cases of neonatal conjunctivitis seen at Bellevue Hospital during the period 1950--1976 were reviewed. An overall incidence of 3.0 cases per 1,000 live births was found. A comparison of the rates of neonatal conjunctivitis with silver nitrate and tetracycline prophylaxis revealed a 100% increase in the rate overall, as well as the rate of gonococcal conjunctivitis with tetracycline. Using conjunctival cultures and cytology, a diagnosis could be established in 73% of the cases, with 41% being bacterial and 32% chlamydial. Staphylococcus was the single most common organism recovered; gonococcus was relatively rare.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chlamydia Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Methods; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Silver Nitrate; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Child; Doxycycline; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cesarean Section; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Sputum and bronchial biopsies and smears were obtained from 221 patients who had undergone partial pneumonectomy without preceding antibiotic therapy. The results of 343 sputum examinations and of 126 bacteriological examinations of biopsies and smears were evaluated. Pathogenic bacteria were demonstrated in about 50% of the sputa and in about 25% of the biopsies and swabs. Anaerobic micro-organisms were extremely rare. Treatment was with tetracycline. Before antibiotic therapy Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci and E. coli predominated, afterwards there were practically only staphylococci and Esch. coli. The incidence of primary resistance to the usual antibiotics was high, especially in respect of gram-negative organisms. The difference in incidence between primary and secondary resistance was one of degree. The least effective agents were ampicillin and amoxicillin, the most active were the aminoglycosides. Erycin proved satisfactory in infections with grampositive organisms while the cephalosporins were active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The development of resistance and the clinical picture suggest that "eradication" of the infection during the postoperative stage is not advisable as it causes the selection of more or less drug-resistant organisms. A more satisfactory approach is gradually to reduce the infection until the immediate postoperative stage is over. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the sputum is important, as the choice of the appropriate antibiotic is determined by the result of gram-staining.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Pneumonectomy; Sputum; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Bacterial Infections; Cellulitis; Child; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Furunculosis; Humans; Impetigo; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Penicillins; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Anaerobic organisms can found normally in be normally major i.e. the upper airways, the gastrointestinal tract (beyond the caecum) and the female genital tract. Whereas the first group of microorganisms is usually sensitive to penicillin, the others are sensitive to clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol. An appropriate prophylactic regimen will have to comply with these microbiological data. Prophylactic antibiotics should be started during operation and should be given for a short period of time; their efficacy has been proved and confirmed, particularly in bowel surgery. Nevertheless, side-effects should be carefully watched for.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Digestive System; Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Respiratory System; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Periodontal Diseases; Tetracycline

To assess the effects of pre-admission antibiotics on the accuracy of bacterial diagnosis in pyogenic meningitis, the case records of 154 patients admitted to an infectious diseases unit during a 10-year period (1966-1975) were reviewed. The causative organism was identified in 140 patients (91%). Although 63 patients had received antibiotics before admission, a bacteriological diagnosis was still possible in 57 of these (90%).

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Penicillins; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Calymmatobacterium; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Tetracycline

To determine if antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary infections alter introital gramnegative carriage after termination of therapy we analyzed 254 cultures obtained between episodes of bacteriuria in 14 women with recurrent urinary infections. Cultures obtained within the first 30 days after termination of therapy were compared to all subsequent cultures. Introital carriage in women with recurrent urinary infections was compared to 416 consecutive introital cultures from 31 control women resistant to bacteriuria. In women with recurrent bacteriuria introital colonization patterns were similar in incidence and density during the immediate post-treatment period compared to later cultures. Four volunteer controls received tetracycline for 10 days. There was no difference in introital carriage of enterobacteria before during or after tetracycline therapy. Consecutive cultures also confirmed a higher incidence and greater density of vaginal carriage of enterobacteria in patients when compared to similar cultures from women who never had a urinary infection.

Topics: Anal Canal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Rectum; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Vagina

Topics: Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacterial Infections; Erythromycin; Humans; Mycoses; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Sinusitis; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; DNA, Viral; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Intestines; Male; Microbiology; Plasmids; Tetracycline

Topics: Ambulatory Care; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Female; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Tetracycline

In vitro efficacy of combinations of broad and narrow spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins, broad spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins with macrolides or aminoglycosides and tetracyclines with other biosynthetic antibiotics was studied with respect to the causative agents of surgical infections. Correlation between the sensitivity of the isolates and the antibiotics levels in the organism of the surgical patients was shown. The role of the etiological factor in the development of the post-operative complications in the patients after surgical operations on the heart was elucidated. The most rational schemes of the antibiotic use in therapy of the patients with purulent complications after operations on the open heart were developed and the maximum doses of different semi-synthetic penicillins for the treatment of patients with purulent processes after operations under conditions of artificial blood circulation were determined.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Heart Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Oleandomycin; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Fifty patients who had pneumonia, lung abscess, or empyema, and whose specimens had a fetid odor, were presumed to be suffering from anerobic lung infection and were treated with clindamycin either orally (33 patients) or parenterally (17). Forty-six patients showed marked improvement or recovered; two also underwent lung resection, and thoracotomy was performed in 10. There were three outright treatment failures, and superinfection occurred in one patient. A review of the literature suggests that clindamycin and penicillin (in substantial dosage) are equally effective in treatment of anaerobic lung infection. Transtracheal aspiration is not deemed necessary if the patient is expectorating fetid sputum.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Evaluation; Empyema; Female; Humans; Lung Abscess; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Suction; Tetracycline

Malabsorption studies were performed on five Iranian patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma. The effect of oral tetracycline (1.0 g daily) was also studied in three of the above subjects. The results of breath tests (utilizing glycine-1-14C-cholic acid) were abnormal in all five subjects before the antibiotic treatment. Oral tetracycline had a striking effect towards normalizing the results of breath tests. Schilling tests (with intrinsic factor) improve in two patients and steatorrhea improved in all and there was significant weight gain. The antibiotic had no apparent effect on D-xylose or folate absorption tests. It is concluded that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestinal lumen is an important contributory factor to the malabsorption syndrome of this disease.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Small; Iran; Lymphoma; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Tetracycline

Of eight patients with Gram-negative bacillary sternoarticular pyoarthrosis, seven were long-term intravenous heroin abusers. Clinical onset was insidious and a long delay (one month or more) in seeking hospitalization was usually noted. Anterior chest discomfort and painful, restricted homolateral shoulder motion were the chief complaints. Fever and monoarticular arthritis were universally present, Open synovial biopsy examination was frequently required for etiologic diagnosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen isolated. Roentgenographic evidence of associated osteomyelitis was usually seen, but tomography was often necessary to delineate this lesion. Intraoperatively, associated osteomyelitis of the clavicular head and/or sternum was present in all eight cases and a perisynovial and/or retrosternal abscess was found in five patients. Early surgical exploration and prolonged antimicrobial therapy yielded excellent results.

Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Carbenicillin; Drainage; Female; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Humans; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Ribs; Sternoclavicular Joint; Sternocostal Joints; Synovial Fluid; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray

Minocycline was the most active of six antibiotics tested against 65 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (syn.: Herellea, Mima) received from six medical centers. In the Bauer-Kirby disk susceptibility test, all isolates were rated susceptible to minocycline, gentamicin, and polymyxin; 25% were resistant to tetracycline. In agar dilution tests, minocycline was two to four times more potent than gentamicin or polymyxin and eight times more potent than tetracycline. Ampicillin and cephalexin were relatively ineffective. Against lethal infections produced by five strains of A. calcoaceticus in mice, minocycline was, in general, more active than gentamicin or polymyxin on a dosage basis and significantly more active on a blood-level basis. Minocycline was significantly more potent than tetracycline on both dosage and blood-level bases against tetracycline-sensitive and -resistant strains. In the last decade there has been an increase in the reported incidence of acinetobacters in a variety of infections. The cultures are susceptible to few antibiotics. Our data show that minocycline could offer an effective alternative to the more toxic drugs for the treatment of these infections. Susceptibility should be determined with minocycline disks.

Topics: Acinetobacter; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalexin; Female; Gentamicins; Mice; Minocycline; Polymyxins; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

The therapeutic potencies of colistin methanesulfonate (CLM) was assessed quantitatively in acute infection of mice with clinically isolated strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effect of different routes of administration was compared. There was no detectable difference in the therapeutic effect of CLM when intramuscular (im) or intravenous (iv) administration was initiated one hour after the infection. On the other hand, a significant difference in ED50 given by im and iv administrations was observed, indicating the superiority of iv administration, when the treatment started 4 to approximately hours after the infection. No difference in the therapeutic effect of polymyxin B (PMB) and tetracycline (TC) administered via either im or iv route was found even in the delayed administration. In contrast to PMB and TC, lower toxicity of CLM was determined when it was administered iv rather than im.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mesylates; Mice; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Surveys of the use of antimicrobial drugs on students during antimicrobial drugs on students during their first 15 months in medical or dental school indicate that they have been treated with these agents at least three times as frequently as seems reasonable, and that the tetracyclines, ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin are the chief drugs overused. Antimicrobiol therapy is frequently instituted for probable viral respiratory tract infections and without any attempt to establish a bacteriologic diagnosis. It is likely that anitmicrobiol agents are used more widely in treating the general public in Canada than in treating medical students. Improvements in the rational use of this important group of drugs could increase the quality and probably reduced the cost of medical care.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; British Columbia; Clindamycin; Cloxacillin; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Erythromycin; Humans; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Student Health Services; Students, Medical; Substance-Related Disorders; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cyclacillin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Exanthema; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pediatrics; Penicillins; Private Practice; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Vomiting

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Child; Female; Humans; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Erythromycin; Fusobacterium; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Rifampin; Tetracycline; Thiamphenicol; Vancomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumonia; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Wounds and Injuries

Because the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has yet to be established and because numerous variables often hamper studies of such therapy, the results of prophylactic antibiotic therapy were studied in a homogeneous gynecologic population. The patients were 4000 women undergoing first trimester abortions. The surgical procedure, the gynecologists' skill, and the hospital environment were relatively uniform, as was the patient age range. Two groups of 1000 patients each received tetracycline; the other 2000 patients served as controls. The complications associated with abortion were then analyzed in those receiving tetracycline and in the 2000 controls. Complications were less frequent among patients receiving tetracycline. This finding supports the argument of those who favor the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the management of various high-risk surgical problems.. An evaluative study of the prophylactic use of tetracycline in 1st-trimester abortions is presented. 2 groups of 1000 patients received 1.5 gm of tetracycline hydrochloride, orally, 2-3 hours before the abortion procedure, followed by 500 mg every 6 hours for 4 days. 2 groups of 1000 patients served as controls. The patient population and operative conditions were relatively uniform. The total complication rates for the antibiotic groups were 3.4% and 2.9%, and 9.1% and 8.8% for the controls. 118 of the control group patients experienced major complications compared with 45 patients in the antibiotic group. The results tend to support the arguments for the use of antibiotics in managing high-risk surgical procedures.

Topics: Abortion, Legal; Bacterial Infections; Female; Fever; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Length of Stay; Patient Compliance; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Tetracycline; Vacuum Curettage

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Clindamycin; Humans; Male; Rabbits; Sinusitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Chickens; Drug Evaluation; Poultry Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Adenoviridae; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalothin; Cytomegalovirus; Gentamicins; Haemophilus influenzae; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Measles virus; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Orthomyxoviridae; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; Respirovirus; Sputum; Staining and Labeling; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Blood; Boston; Cephalosporins; Culture Media; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Humans; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella; Serratia marcescens; Species Specificity; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella Infections; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thiourea; Undecylenic Acids

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bile; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Clostridium perfringens; Colistin; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Prospective Studies; Proteus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Penicillin G; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Penicillinase; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bone Development; Child; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Pregnancy; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Dexamethasone; Dicloxacillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Root Canal Therapy; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Conjugation, Genetic; Drug Combinations; Enzyme Repression; Erythromycin; Genetics, Microbial; Lincomycin; Male; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Brain; Brucella; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Culture Media; Heart; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Peptococcus; Sheep; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Intestines; Kanamycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Rabbits; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Rats; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chymotrypsin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Tetracycline; Trypsin

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; History, 20th Century; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetracycline; United States

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Carbenicillin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Chronic Disease; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Penicillin G; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfonamides; Syndrome; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Carbon Dioxide; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lincomycin; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Placenta; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Tetracycline

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Hungary; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraxella; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Stomatitis; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Erythromycin; Fusobacterium; Humans; Lincomycin; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Penicillins; Rifampin; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Treponemal Infections; Vancomycin; Veillonella

Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Bacterial Infections; Brain; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chronic Disease; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Meninges; Meningitis; Penicillins; Prednisone; Propionibacterium; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cloxacillin; Hand; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Paronychia; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pyogenes; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sri Lanka; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bacterial Infections; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Synovial Membrane; Tetracycline; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lincomycin; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Lincomycin; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Pediatrics; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methacycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Erythromycin; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Aeromonas; Bacterial Infections; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Tetracycline; Thigh

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Griseofulvin; Humans; Iodides; Mycoses; Nystatin; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tolnaftate; Trimethoprim; Vancomycin

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Humans; Leukemia; Minocycline; Neoplasms; Tetracycline

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Gentamicins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Binding Sites; Drug Combinations; Glycine; Kidney; Morpholines; Nephritis; Rabbits; Rolitetracycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Amino Acids; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Barium Sulfate; Body Weight; Celiac Disease; Chloramphenicol; Colon; Dietary Fats; Esophagoscopy; Fats; Feces; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Lipids; Malabsorption Syndromes; Manometry; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Radiography; Tetracycline; Transplantation, Autologous; Vomiting

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephaloridine; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Lincomycin; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Oxacillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; History, 20th Century; Humans; Tetracycline; United States

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Synergism; Enteritis; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nurseries, Hospital; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Catheterization; Cephalothin; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Kentucky; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Cephaloridine; Cephalothin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gentamicins; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Michigan; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blindness; Cataract; Communicable Disease Control; Conjunctivitis; Egypt; Eye Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Retinal Diseases; Tetracycline; Trachoma

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Catheterization; Colostomy; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Ligation; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Seeding; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Myasthenia Gravis; Respiratory Insufficiency; Tetracycline

Topics: Achlorhydria; Adult; Aged; Alkalies; Bacterial Infections; Celiac Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diarrhea; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasympatholytics; Potassium; Salts; Solutions; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Blood Proteins; Body Fluids; Cell Membrane Permeability; Diffusion; Dogs; Epithelium; Ions; Lipids; Male; Prostate; Prostatitis; Protein Binding; Solubility; Tetracycline

Topics: Abscess; Adnexal Diseases; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Female; Heparin; Humans; Hysterectomy; Kanamycin; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Puerperal Infection; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Vaginal Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Lincomycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Blood Cell Count; Blood Sedimentation; Body Temperature; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Male; Tetracycline; Tropical Climate

Topics: Age Factors; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Erythromycin; Female; Hand Injuries; Humans; Infections; Lincomycin; Male; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sex Factors; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mice; Respiratory Tract Infections; Terpenes; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; Biomedical Research; Common Cold; Communicable Disease Control; Drug Therapy; Humans; Placebos; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Respiratory Tract Infections; Spiramycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Eye Diseases; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Sulfadiazine; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Vancomycin

Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Mice; Pharmacology; Phosphines; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Research; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biomedical Research; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Air Conditioning; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Influenza, Human; Nose; Pharynx; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Sterilization; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Oleandomycin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemoprevention; Emphysema; Humans; Pulmonary Emphysema; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Innate; Proteins; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchi; Bronchial Diseases; Disease; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline; Peritonitis; Soft Tissue Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Peritonitis; Soft Tissue Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Humans; Infant; Micrococcus; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Diarrhea; Dysentery; Humans; Infant; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Chlortetracycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline