tetracycline and Bacteremia

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Bacteremia; Brevibacterium; Ceftriaxone; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emergencies; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Facial Dermatoses; Gentamicins; Humans; Levofloxacin; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Tetracycline; Vancomycin; Wound Infection

Mycoplasma hominis is a rare cause of bacteraemia in adult males. We believe this report to be the first of Mycoplasma hominis bacteraemia and wound infection complicating cardiac surgery. Because of difficulties in isolating the organism, cases may be missed. Review of the literature on M. hominis bacteraemia in adult males reveals that infection is often mild and most often associated with urethral catheterisation. M. hominis is resistant to many antibiotics including erythromycin. If treatment is indicated, tetracycline or clindamycin is the drug of choice.

Topics: Bacteremia; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Clindamycin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

In a recent landmark trial of bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, vancomycin MICs were >or=1 microg/ml for only 16% of the isolates, and accessory gene regulator (agr) function as measured by delta-hemolysin activity was absent or reduced in only 28.1% of the isolates. This clinical study did not capture a population of MRSA isolates predictive of vancomycin treatment failure.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Proteins; Daptomycin; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Genotype; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Methicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome; Vancomycin

From 1 January to 31 December 2022, fifty-five institutions across Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Outcome Program (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2022 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin and on characterisation of the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 3,214 SAB episodes were reported, of which 77.5% were community-onset. Overall, 15.0% of S. aureus were methicillin resistant. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 21.4%, which was significantly different to the 16.8% all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-susceptible SAB (p = 0.02). With the exception of the β-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was rare. However, in addition to the β-lactams, approximately 31% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to ciprofloxacin; 30% to erythromycin; 13% to tetracycline; 11% to gentamicin; and 2% to co-trimoxazole. One MRSA isolate, with a daptomycin MIC of 1.5 mg/L, harboured the A302V mprF and A23V cls2 mutations. When applying the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints, teicoplanin resistance was detected in one MRSA isolate. Resistance to vancomycin or linezolid was not detected. Resistance to non-β-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to the healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clone ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15), and to the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clone ST45-V [5C2&5] which has acquired resistance to multiple antimicrobials including ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. The ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) clone is the predominant HA-MRSA clone in Australia. Nonetheless, 86% of methicillin-resistant SAB episodes were due to CA-MRSA clones. Although polyclonal, approximately 72% of CA-MRSA clones were characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland clone); ST5-IV [2B]; ST45-V [5C2&5]; ST1-IV [2B]; ST30-IV [2B]; ST97-IV [2B]; ST953-IV [2B]; and ST8-IV [2B]. As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community, it is important to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in community- and healthcare-associated SAB as this information will guide therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus bacteraemia.

Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Australia; Bacteremia; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, injudicious use of antibiotics based on an empirical method may lead to the emergence of resistant strains. Despite appropriate administration of antibiotics, their concentrations may remain subinhibitory in the body, due to individual variations in tissue distribution and metabolism rates. This may promote bacterial virulence and complicate the treatment strategies. To investigate whether the administration of certain classes of antibiotics will induce bacterial virulence and worsen the infection under

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; beta-Lactams; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peritonitis; Reproducibility of Results; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Virulence Factors

From 1 January to 31 December 2021, forty-eight institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2021 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin and on characterisation of the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 2,928 SAB episodes were reported, of which 78.4% were community-onset. Overall, 16.9% of S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 15.0%, which was not significantly different from the 14.4% all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-susceptible SAB (p = 0.7). With the exception of the β-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was rare. However, in addition to the β-lactams, approximately 36% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to ciprofloxacin; 30% to erythromycin; 15% to tetracycline; 16% to gentamicin; and 3% to co-trimoxazole. When applying the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints, teicoplanin resistance was detected in three S. aureus isolates. Resistance to vancomycin or linezolid was not detected. Resistance to non-β-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to the healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clone ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15), and the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clone ST45-V [5C2&5] which has acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tetracycline. The ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) clone is the predominant HA-MRSA clone in Australia. Nonetheless, 85% of methicillin-resistant SAB episodes were due to CA-MRSA clones. Although polyclonal, approximately 68% of CA-MRSA clones were characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland clone); ST45-V [5C2&5]; ST5-IV [2B]; ST1-IV [2B]; ST30-IV [2B]; and ST97-IV [2B]. As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community, it is important to monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns in community- and healthcare-associated SAB as this information will guide therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus bacteraemia.

Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Australia; Bacteremia; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Ceftaroline; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Gene Expression; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Linezolid; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Turkey; Vancomycin; Vancomycin Resistance; Virginiamycin

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies (subsp.) pasteurianus, previously known as Streptococcus bovis biotype II/2, has been described as a causative agent of endocarditis, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, bacteremia, and colorectal carcinoma in humans. The aim of this study was to characterize the erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes of S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus strains isolated from patients with septicemia and bacteremia in Thailand.. The clinical isolates of Streptococcus gallolyticus were identified by using conventional biochemical tests, PCR, and sodA gene sequence analysis. The erythromycin and tetracycline susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods, while the resistance genes were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis.. From a total of 108 blood cultures, 36 (33%) were identified as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus with the nucleotide sequence identities of partial sodA gene with the reference strains ranging from 98.1 to 100%. Of these, 25 (69.4%) contained erythromycin resistance genes and erm(B) was the most predominant gene (30.6%), followed by erm(T) (19.4%) and mef(A) (5.6%). In addition, erm(B) was also detected in combination with lnu(B) (8.3%), erm(T) and mef(A) (2.8%), and mef(A) and lnu(B) (2.8%). It was interesting to note that lnu(B) was detected for the first time in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in this study. For tetracycline resistance genes, tet(L) and tet(M) were detected at 13.9% and 11.1%, respectively. However, tet(M) in combination with tet(L) was detected most commonly at 69.4% and with tet(L) and tet(O) at 5.6%.. A number of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were detected in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus strains circulating in Thailand.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Statistical; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Tetracycline; Tetracycline Resistance; Thailand

To identify plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Oman, where this resistance mechanism has not been encountered yet.. Twenty-two colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates collected between July 2014 and June 2016 in a tertiary care hospital in Muscat were screened by PCR for the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes. The strain identified as mcr-1 positive was genotyped and its antibiotic susceptibility was established. The mcr-1 containing plasmid was mobilized into Escherichia coli K-12 and its sequence was determined.. A single E. coli isolate (OM97) carrying mcr-1 gene was identified, while no strains carrying the mcr-2 gene was found. E. coli OM97 was isolated in June 2016 from blood culture of a male patient with multiple comorbidities. It belonged to ST10. Beyond colistin, it was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The mcr-1 gene was located on a conjugative IncI2-type plasmid of 63722 bp size, which did not harbor any further resistance genes. The genetic surrounding of the mcr-1 gene lacked the ISApl1 element.. Although colistin resistance caused by the mcr-1 gene is not common in our collection of clinical isolates, the occurrence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in an E. coli ST10 strain is of concern as this clonal group was already shown to spread ESBL genes and quinolone resistance worldwide. It is especially worrisome that as the mcr-1 gene occurred in a non-ESBL, carbapenem-susceptible E. coli strain, current susceptibility testing algorithms may not detect its presence.

Topics: Amikacin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Ciprofloxacin; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oman; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Plasmids; Protein Isoforms; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens in the hospital environment. Monitoring of this pathogen by molecular characterization and phenotypic methods is important for the development of suitable infection control measures and proper therapy design. In this study, our aim was to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of MRSA bloodstream isolates obtained from patients hospitalized at Ankara University Ibn-i Sina Hospital in a 10-year period (2002-2012) and monitor the possible changes. A total of 134 isolates were characterized according to their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, biofilm formation capabilities, accessory gene regulator (agr) locus types, presence of genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), staphylococcal enterotoxins A-J (SEs A-J), toxic shock syndrome toxin, sasX, and genes associated with biofilm formation (icaD, icaA, IS256) by polymerase chain reaction. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of isolates were also defined and their clonal relationships were investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis and multilocus sequence typing was performed for representative isolates obtained by PFGE.. The majority of the isolates were resistant to rifampin (100%), ciprofloxacin (97%), tetracycline (97.7%), and gentamicin (94.7%); 100% carried type-III SCCmec and 89.5% were agr type-1. All the isolates were negative for PVL, and sasX genes while all of them carried the icaD, icaA, and IS256 genes. The most common SE was enterotoxin A (97%). Four major PFGE patterns with the dominance of one pattern and seven unique patterns were obtained. All the representative PFGE isolates (n = 11) belonged to sequence type 239.. We have documented the characteristics of the dominant MRSA clone in our hospital, which was a PVL (-), sasX (-) ST239 clone carrying sea (+) with type-III SCCmec, and type-1 agr locus.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Loci; Gentamicins; Hospitals, University; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Turkey

In this Letter, we presented in vitro studies of antimicrobial activity of Gly-His-Lys conjugates that are important point in preliminary biological evaluation of their potential application in skin and tissue therapies. The novel compounds include the conjugation of fatty acids with a modification of the amino acid sequence in the primary structure of Gly-His-Lys (6i). All the compounds exhibited strong to moderate activity. Compound 1d had the most potent antimicrobial activity at MIC ranges 31.3-125.0μg/mL (against Escherichia coli spp. and Staphylococcus aureus spp.), 375.0-500.0μg/mL (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa spp.). Conjugate 5b expressed activity against Staphylococcus aureus spp. and Escherichia coli spp. at MIC ranges 250.0-500.0μg/mL and 62.5-125.0μg/mL, respectively. Both conjugates 1d and 5b possessed rapid bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria at 2MIC or 4MIC. Conjugates 1b-c, 1e, 2a-b and 4b showed noticeable effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 1d, 1e and 2e were the most active against fungus.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Escherichia coli; Fungi; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oligopeptides; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotic selection is challenging in patients with severe β-lactam allergy due to declining reliability of alternate antibiotics. Organisms isolated from these patients may exhibit unique resistance phenotypes. The objective of this study was to determine which alternate antibiotics or combinations provide adequate empirical therapy for patients with β-lactam allergy who develop Gram-negative infections at our institution. We further sought to determine the effects of risk factors for drug resistance on empirical adequacy. A retrospective analysis was conducted for adult patients hospitalized from September 2009 to May 2010 who had a severe β-lactam allergy and a urine, blood, or respiratory culture positive for a Gram-negative organism and who met predefined criteria for infection. Patient characteristics, culture and susceptibility data, and predefined risk factors for antibiotic resistance were collected. Adequacies of β-lactam and alternate antibiotics were compared for all infections and selected subsets. The primary outcome was adequacy of each alternate antibiotic or combination for all infections. One hundred sixteen infections (40 pneumonias, 67 urinary tract infections, and 9 bacteremias) were identified. Single alternate agents were adequate less frequently than β-lactams and combination regimens. Only in cases without risk factors for resistance did single-agent regimens demonstrate acceptable adequacy rates; each factor conferred a doubling of risk for resistance. Resistance risk factors should be considered in selecting empirical antibiotics for Gram-negative pathogens in patients unable to take β-lactams due to severe allergy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; beta-Lactams; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Empirical Research; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

The antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a growing global problem. In our study, 3,571 invasive pneumococcal isolates, recovered from blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in Finland between the years 2002 and 2006, showed an increase in erythromycin nonsusceptibility from 16% to 28% (P < 0.0001) over the 5-year study period, as well as a doubling of penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8% to 16% (P < 0.0001). Erythromycin nonsusceptibility increased especially in isolates derived from 0- to 2-year-old children and was 46% for this age group in 2006. Although multiresistance, defined as nonsusceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, was fairly rare (5.1% in 2006), 38% of the erythromycin-nonsusceptible isolates were also penicillin nonsusceptible, while 74% of the penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates were nonsusceptible to erythromycin. In contrast to the situation in continental Europe, but mirroring that in North America, the most frequent macrolide resistance determinant carried by 56% of the tested macrolide-resistant pneumococci was the mef gene. Serotypes 14, 9V, 19A, 6B, and 19F were most frequently nonsusceptible to erythromycin or penicillin. The penicillin-resistant invasive isolates (n = 88) were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing, which revealed the presence of 25 sequence types, 9 of which were novel. The majority of the isolates were related to one of several globally disseminated penicillin- or multiresistant clones, most importantly the rlrA adhesion pilus carrying clones Spain(9V) ST156 and Taiwan(19F) ST236. The penicillin-resistant pneumococcal population in Finland is therefore a combination of internationally recognized genotypes as well as novel ones.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Blood; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Finland; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Serotyping; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Young Adult

The upsurge of multiple-drug-resistant microbes warrants the development and/or use of effective antibiotics. Triclosan, though used in cosmetic and dermatological preparations for several decades, has not been used as a systemic antibacterial agent due to problems of drug administration. Here we report the striking efficacy of triclosan in a mouse model of acute systemic bacterial infection. Triclosan not only significantly extends the survival time of the infected mice, it also restores blood parameters and checks liver damage induced by the bacterial infection. We believe that the excellent safety track record of triclosan in topical use coupled with our findings qualifies triclosan as a candidate drug or lead compound for exploring its potential in experimental systems for treating systemic bacterial infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Blood Chemical Analysis; Escherichia coli Infections; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Tetracycline; Triclosan; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Bacteremia; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

All of the 88 episodes of beta-haemolytic streptococcal bacteremia (2.9% of all bacteremias) in adult patients during the years 1987-94 in a university hospital were reviewed. 38 bacteremias (43%) were caused by group A, 24 (27%) by group B, 3 (4%) by group C, and 23 (26%) by group G beta-haemolytic streptococcal. There was a statistically significant increase in group A and decrease in group C and G bacteremias (p < 0.02) compared to an earlier 8-year period in the same hospital, although the total number of streptococcal bacteremias remained the same. The most common T types of group A streptococcal strains were T11 (26%), T28 (14%), T6 and T1 (11% each), and T12 (8%). Cardiovascular disease, skin lesions, malignancy, and alcohol abuse were the most common underlying conditions. The most usual types of infection were skin (47%) and respiratory tract infections (23%). The overall mortality was 16%. It was highest in group A (24%) and lowest in group C (0%), 38% of patients with pneumonia died. All streptococcal strains were sensitive to penicillin, vancomycin, and cephalosporins. 11% of group A and 12% of all the strains had decreased sensitivity to erythromycin, 14 and 38% to tetracycline, and 0 and 2% to clindamycin, respectively.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Skin Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus agalactiae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Tetracycline

To elucidate kinetics of Bartonella henselae bacteremia and IgG response, evaluate antibiotic therapy, and investigate challenge exposure in cats.. Specific-pathogen-free cats.. Cats were inoculated with B henselae or B quintana and monitored. Convalescent cats were challenge exposed with B henselae. Amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline HCl were evaluated for effect on B henselae bacteremia.. Cats developed B henselae bacteremia within 1 week; bacteremia persisted for longer than 2 months before subsiding spontaneously. IgG antibody titer developed shortly after onset of bacteremia; antibody co-existed with bacteremia for several weeks and remained detectable after bacteremia subsided. Cats inoculated with B quintana remained abacteremic. On challenge exposure to B henselae, cats previously infected with B henselae remained abacteremic; cats previously inoculated with B quintana supported B henselae infection. Tetracycline HCl and erythromycin depressed B henselae bacteremia; however, duration of bacteremia remained similar to that in untreated cats. Obvious signs of illness were not observed.. Long-duration, high-titer B henselae infections were highly reproducible in cats. Convalescent cats were immune to reinfection. B quintana-inoculated cats did not have evidence of infection and were susceptible to B henselae challenge exposure. Antibiotic therapy was incompletely efficacious in terminating cat bacteremia.. A cat with an inapparent B henselae infection must provisionally be regarded as a possible reservoir for infection for a minimum of 2 to 3 months. Convalescent cats are resistant to reinfection. Usual antibiotic therapy was not completely efficacious. Measurement of IgG antibody can be used to detect past or current infection.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Angiomatosis, Bacillary; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacteremia; Bartonella henselae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Enrofloxacin; Erythromycin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Immunoglobulin G; Quinolones; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Fever in travelers or immigrants from the tropics is an increasingly common problem facing physicians in urban centers of North America. Malaria and typhoid fever are endemic in developing countries and affect millions of people annually. An association between falciparum malaria and salmonella bacteremia has been noted for many years, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We report on two travelers with falciparum malaria and concomitant salmonella bacteremia and review the possible mechanisms that may explain this association.

Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Quinine; Salmonella Infections; Tetracycline; Travel

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Hypotension; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acinetobacter; Bacteremia; Chloramphenicol; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Liver Cirrhosis; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Salmonella; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Campylobacter fetus; Meningitis; Penicillins; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Vibrio

Topics: Aeromonas; Alcoholism; Ascites; Bacteremia; Escherichia coli Infections; Geriatrics; Humans; Intestines; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteremia; Bacteriological Techniques; Chloramphenicol; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Immunization, Passive; Klebsiella; Leukocyte Count; New York; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Sepsis; Statistics as Topic; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Aging; Angiotensins; Bacteremia; Bacteroides; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Drug Therapy; Enterobacter aerogenes; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Kanamycin; Metaraminol; Polymyxins; Postoperative Complications; Proteus; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sex; Streptomycin; Sympatholytics; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Mice; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Humans; Osteomyelitis; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacteremia; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Infections; Lung Diseases; Micrococcus; Sepsis; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Humans; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Sepsis; Tetracycline