tetracycline and Atrophy

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Butyrates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Rosacea; Telangiectasis; Tetracycline

Sex differences are a well-known phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with women having a higher risk for AD than men. Many AD mouse models display a similar sex-dependent pattern, with females showing earlier cognitive deficits and more severe neuropathology than males. However, whether those differences are relevant to human disease is unclear. Here we show that in AD mouse models that overexpress amyloid precursor protein (APP) under control of the prion protein promoter (PrP), female transgenic mice have higher APP expression than males, complicating interpretations of the role of sex-related factors in such models. By contrast, in a tTa:APPsi model, in which APP expression is driven by the tetracycline transactivator (tTa) from the CaMKIIα promoter, there are no sex-related differences in expression or processing of APP. In addition, the levels of Aβ dimers and tetramers, as well as Aβ peptide accumulation, are similar between sexes. Behavioral testing demonstrated that both male and female tTa:APPsi mice develop age-dependent deficits in spatial recognition memory and conditional freezing to context. These cognitive deficits were accompanied by habituation-associated hyperlocomotion and startle hyper-reactivity. Significant sex-related dimorphisms were observed, due to females showing earlier onsets of the deficits in conditioned freezing and hyperlocomotion. In addition, tTa:APPsi males but not females demonstrated a lack of novelty-induced activation. Both males and females showed atrophy of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the dorsal hippocampus, associated with widening of the pyramidal layer of the CA1 area in both sexes. Ventral DG was preserved. Sex-related differences were limited to the DG, with females showing more advanced degeneration than males. Collectively, our data show that the tTa:APPsi model is characterized by a lack of sex-related differences in APP expression, making this model useful in deciphering the mechanisms of sex differences in AD pathogenesis. Sex-related dimorphisms observed in this model under conditions of equal APP expression between sexes suggest a higher sensitivity of females to the effects of APP and/or Aβ production.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Atrophy; Conditioning, Psychological; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Fear; Female; Humans; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Models, Biological; Mutation; Presenilin-1; Recognition, Psychology; Sex Factors; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atrophy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Hoof and Claw; Nail Diseases; Niacinamide; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B Complex

The impact of Helicobacter eradication therapy on the progression or regression of gastric lesions is poorly defined. This study examined the effects of eradication therapy on inflammation, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer progression.. C57BL/6 mice were infected with Helicobacter felis and received bacterial eradication therapy after 2, 6, or 12 months of infection. The gastric mucosa was examined at early, mid, and late intervals after eradication and graded for histology, expression pattern of alpha-catenin and beta-catenin, and IQGAP1.. Eradication of Helicobacter infection after 2 or 6 months of infection led to a regression of inflammation, restoration of parietal cell mass, and reestablishment of normal architecture. Progression to adenocarcinoma was prevented. Bacterial eradication at 1 year was associated with the reappearance of parietal cells, partial regression of inflammation, and restoration of architecture. Hyperplasia scores significantly improved, and dysplasia did not progress. Infected mice developed antral adenocarcinoma and gastric outlet obstruction by 24 months. Only 30% of the mice receiving bacterial eradication therapy at 12 months developed antral carcinoma. Bacterial eradication at any time during the first year of infection prevented death due to gastric outlet obstruction. The expression pattern of alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and IQGAP1 varied with cell type and paralleled histologic changes.. Inflammation, metaplasia, and dysplasia are reversible with early eradication therapy; progression of dysplasia was arrested with eradication therapy given as late as 1 year and prevented gastric cancer-related deaths.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atrophy; Disease Models, Animal; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter felis; Helicobacter Infections; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Precancerous Conditions; Stomach Neoplasms; Tetracycline

A total of 16 rabbits were used in this investigation. Beijing long-eared white rabbits served as donors and immunologically incompatible Chinchilla rabbits as recipients. Periosteal flaps were stripped from the femurs of 8 donor rabbits and implanted into the muscles of both thighs of 8 recipients. Revascularization of the grafts was done only on the left side. Immunosuppressants were administered orally beginning the day of surgery. The animals were observed for 1-4 months. A series of radiography, histomorphology, fluorochrome labelling, and electron microscopic examinations were performed. The results demonstrated that all of the revascularized periosteal allografts had new bone formation (8/8), while the nonrevascularized periosteal allografts had none (0/8). The difference in the rate of new bone formation between the two groups was statistically significant.

Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Atrophy; Bone Remodeling; Bone Transplantation; Calcification, Physiologic; Female; Femoral Artery; Femoral Vein; Femur; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Muscles; Osteogenesis; Periosteum; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Transplantation, Homologous; Vascular Patency

Whipple's disease confined to the nervous system occurred in a 36-year old woman who presented with grand mal seizures and dementia. There was no evidence of extracerebral involvement and the jejunal biopsy was negative before treatment. Multiple enhancing lesions on CT scan progressed despite therapy with minocycline and prednisone, but resolved on treatment with tetracycline. The dementia did not progress while she was on antibiotic therapy. Whipple's disease should be considered as a treatable cause of progressive dementia even in the absence of an abnormal jejunal biopsy.

Topics: Adult; Atrophy; Brain; Brain Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Neurocognitive Disorders; Prednisolone; Tetracycline; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Whipple Disease

Fetal rat bones were cultured in either growth-inducing or resorption-inducing media to study mineral losses during bone growth and atrophy in vitro. Whole radii and ulnae from 19-day-old fetal rats, prelabeled with 45Ca and/or 3H-tetracycline, were cultured intact or cut, and then digested by collagenase to obtain the calcified portion of the bones. Three- to five-fold more 3H-tetracycline than 45Ca was lost from the calcified portion when the bones were cultured for 4 days in growth-inducing media. Similar small amounts of 45Ca were lost from live and killed bones, but more 3H-tetracycline was lost from live bones than from killed bones. More 3H-tetracycline was released into the growth medium with a low concentration of calcium (0.5 mM) than when the calcium concentration was high (1.0 mM); no significant difference was seen in the release of 45Ca into the medium at different calcium concentrations. Larger amounts of both isotopes were lost when the prelabeled bones were cultured in resorption-inducing media than in growth-inducing media. When parathyroid hormone stimulated bone resorption in a resorption-inducing medium, equal proportions of both isotopes and bone collagen were lost. Greater losses of 3H-tetracycline than of 45Ca suggest that 45Ca was conserved locally during the resorption that accompanies bone growth, but not during resorption that accompanies bone atrophy.

Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Calcium; Organ Culture Techniques; Rats; Tetracycline

Whipple's disease is characterized morphologically by macrophages in the small intestine which store PAS-postive material, as well as coarsening and atrophy of the intestinal villi, with pseudocystic cavitations. Without treatment it ends fatally due to irreversible diarrhoea and cachexia. Until 1963, only 90 cases had been diagnosed, most of them at autopsy. Intestinal biopsy has facilitated the diagnosis in life. Treatment with antibiotics results in dramitic improvement and remission for many years. From this an at least partial bacterial cause of the disease has been deducted, but it has not been possible so far to identigy more precisely any causative bacteria. Two cases of Whple's disease with some special features are reported. Both occurred in women (previous reports were almost entirely of men). The severely ill patients were cured by tetracycline within a few weeks and have remained completely well at follow-up examinations. The morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa had partially regressed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atrophy; Biopsy; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Remission, Spontaneous; Sex Factors; Tetracycline; Whipple Disease

Topics: Atrophy; Cortisone; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Erythema; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Male; Tea; Telangiectasis; Tetracycline

Topics: Atrophy; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dwarfism; Humans; Male; Photosensitivity Disorders; Syndrome; Tetracycline